His father, Li Shishi, is a scholar who is interested in compiling the history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. But his writing only lasted about two years, and he died in 628, the second year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong. Li yanshou, the fourth son of Li Shifu, was deeply influenced by his father and nurtured by his family. During the Zhenguan period, I worked as a catering officer for the Prince and a bachelor's degree in Chongxian Pavilion. Later, he was appointed as the master book of the history of imperial Taiwan Province, and he was also a direct historian of the country. He was tired of being an official for Fu Xilang and studied the history of the country. He has never been a senior official and devoted his life to compiling official and folk history books.
In the third year of Zhenguan (629), Emperor Taizong ordered ministers to organize the compilation of the history of Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Chen and Sui Dynasties. Wei Zhi majored in Sui Shu, and famous scholars such as young li yanshou participated in the compilation of this book. In the fifth year of Zhenguan (63 1), his mother died, so he resigned as a historian and went home to attend the funeral. He was sent to Zhong Shu (present-day Sichuan) as an official. After work, I made a preliminary arrangement of some historical materials collected in previous years.
In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (64 1), li yanshou was transferred back to Chang 'an, Beijing, and was appointed Prince Dianshan. Thanks to Ling Hudefen's recommendation, he entered the History Museum again. At that time, The History of the Five Dynasties was written in the tenth year of Zhenguan (636). However, this history book has only records and biographies, and has no ambition. Therefore, in the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Emperor Taizong ordered Chu Suiliang and others to compile the Historical Records of the Five Dynasties, which was based on the rules and regulations of the Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties. Li yanshou also participated in the compilation of this book. Twelve or three years later, The History of the Five Dynasties was written in Tang Gaozong in 656. The History of the Five Dynasties, with 30 volumes 10, was published in Sui Shu. Among them, The Book of Classics was written by li yanshou and Jing Bo, which recorded the works from ancient times to the Sui Dynasty. Jing Ji Zhi, referred to as Sui Zhi, specifically refers to Jing Ji Zhi. Neijing formally established four categories of classics, history, zi and Ji, which had a far-reaching impact on the classification of later books.
There are about 20 kinds of historians writing Jin history before Tang Dynasty, but most of them are not good historians, and the historical events recorded are often inaccurate. In the twentieth year of Zhenguan (646), Emperor Taizong was dissatisfied with the Book of Jin and wrote to rebuild it. A total of 2 1 people participated in the reconstruction, and li yanshou was one of them. In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (648), the Book of Jin was rebuilt. Li yanshou not only participated in the compilation of the history of the former dynasty three times before and after, but also participated in the compilation of 80 volumes of the national history of the present dynasty in the year of Xianqingyuan in Tang Gaozong (656).
In addition, li yanshou also wrote three history books by himself, namely, 80 volumes of History of the South and 0/00 volume of History of the North written by Taizong Tang Gaozong in the fourth year (659), and finally, 30 volumes of Taizong Zhengdian (lost). Emperor Taizong's canon died soon after it was written. During the Lu Dao period, Tang Gaozong read the Emperor Taizong Canon and sighed for a long time. He gave many rewards to li yanshou's descendants and ordered people to copy two books, one for the collection of the Royal Library and the other for the Crown Prince. In his early years, li yanshou had the ambition of "thinking to the end". He wanted to inherit his father's footsteps and complete the unfinished business of his predecessors. History of the South and History of the North are historical works written by li yanshou for most of his life. Li yanshou said that the compilation of these two historical books "lasted from beginning to end 16 years", and the 16 years mentioned here began in the year when he participated in the compilation of the Five Dynasties annals in the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643). In fact, a long time ago, that is, when he participated in the compilation of Sui Shu in the third year of Zhenguan, he began to prepare for the compilation of "Two History". At that time, he used his "free time as an editor", "copying around the clock" and "things that had never happened in the Five Dynasties" to accumulate information for compiling the "Second History" in the future. If we count from the time when historical materials were collected, it took 30 years to complete the "Second History".
Li yanshou's Southern History and li yanshou's Second History are mainly based on the "official history" of the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Qi, Zhou and Sui Dynasties, but he is not limited to this. In addition, he also referred to more than 65,438+0,000 volumes of various "miscellaneous histories". As he himself said, "The gathering of doves is a legacy." For the history books of the Eight Dynasties, he adopted the principle of "eliminating its redundancy and eliminating its essence", and "deleting the complexity and simplifying it". The "complicated people" he deleted were mainly some imperial edicts and epigrams, while historical facts were kept as much as possible, making "two histories" much simpler than "eight books". The history of the south and the history of the north were later included in the "twenty-four histories", which occupied an important position in the history of Chinese historiography.
Li yanshou had a stable career all his life. Neither an apprentice nor a displacement. At the beginning of Zhenguan, Yanshou served as the catering officer of the Prince (responsible for catering affairs of the Prince) and the bachelor of Chongxian Pavilion (in charge of classic books and teaching students' apprentices); During the Zhenguan period, Yanshou was Fu Xilang (in charge of the emperor's seal and the national Jeff); In the last years of Zhenguan, Yanshou was the main book of Yushitai (managing the clerical affairs of Yushitai). Yanshou focuses on history and seems to have little interest in being an official. Although his official position changed frequently, he never became a big official, so that after his "History of the South" and "History of the North" were written, people at that time were "not very famous" because of their low status.
The background of li yanshou's hometown was influenced by the gate-lowering valve system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the early Tang Dynasty, there were still some customs of worshipping the gate valve, and li yanshou was also an unavoidable custom. He relished the deeds of his ancestors in the Preface to the History of the North, claiming that Lien Wen of Zhuan Xu and Li Er of Zhou Zhushi were "the first of Li's". Li Er had a special position in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored as a Taoist leader and a grand old gentleman. In the eighth year of Tang Gaozu's martial arts (625), the order of the three religions was Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, and in the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (637), Li Er was the ancestor. Li yanshou took Li Er as his ancestor in order to show that he was a saint and lived in the same clan as the contemporary emperor. In the same preface, the author lists in detail the official position and achievements of ancestors in past dynasties, which is similar to writing genealogy and shows a strong sense of family status. He is obsessed with the glory of his ancestors, but he also shows dissatisfaction with his current low status. Li yanshou, like most historians of that era, embarked on the road of studying history, which is closely related to the origin of family studies. Great-great-grandfather Li Xiao, a benevolent man, was praised by people at that time as "learning from the past and learning from the present, and sometimes being famous early", and "training children, being salty and learning to be a man". Grandfather Li Chao, the word Zhongju, "dabbled in classics and history, not keeping the business of chapters and sentences", is full of innovative academic spirit.
Especially, it was his father Li Shifu who had a great influence on life extension. Li Shifu, whose name is Wei Jun, is "seldom interested in writing". He is studious, knowledgeable and good at writing, especially at history. "If you know the story of the previous generation, you can know it all." Compared with contemporary figures, businessmen have their essence. "Master life rough. I worked as a few junior officials when I was young, and my promotion was extremely slow. In the last years of Yang Di, there was political corruption and corrupt official management. The master worked as a scribe in Xindu County (now Jixian County, Hebei Province), "keeping the precepts alone and asking for nothing", and his life was very embarrassing. Cheng Jun Ju Xiaoling said admiringly, "I was born in the cold old days. This statement was put forward by the public. "After the outbreak of the peasant uprising at the end of Sui Dynasty, Hebei was occupied by Dou Jiande, and the owner was the assistant minister of Shangshu Libu in Jiande Army. After the rebellion was suppressed by Tang soldiers, the master was exiled to West Huizhou. He was unhappy there and wrote Fu Lun Si as a souvenir. Yang Gongren, who was guarding Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) at that time, saw this gift and appreciated the master's talent, so he called him to the court and was deeply respected. This master has long had the ambition to compile the history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and he is now having leisure. Besides, Yang Gongren has a rich collection of books at home, so he can enjoy reading them. So the master spent several years working hard in history. In the ninth year of Wude (626), the Tang court granted amnesty to the world, and the master was able to return to the capital Chang 'an. His old friends Fang and Feng Deyi have both become senior officials in North Korea and advised him to stay in Beijing as an official. He didn't want to be an official, so he went back to his hometown in Henan to continue compiling the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Unfortunately, two years later, he died of illness and his writing was not finished.
The greatest achievement in prolonging the life of historiography is the independent completion of two official histories-the history of the South and the history of the North. Writing the history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties is Li Shishi's long-cherished wish, and it is also a bold and novel approach. Historians at that time were used to writing the history of a certain dynasty or a certain generation like Ban Gu, or imitating Sima Qian's general history from ancient times to the present. So why did Li Shifu just write the history of several generations together? In his view, during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the country split and the northern and southern regimes attacked each other. Historians all over the world stand on their own positions, calling the north the "Rousseau" of the south and the south the "islanders" of the north. Because of prejudice, remembering his national affairs is both unknown and often inaccurate. After the unification of Sui and Tang Dynasties, these historical books are even more out of date. In order to fully and truly reflect the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Li Shishi intends to write a chronicle of the Southern and Northern Dynasties in the style of Wu Yue Chun Qiu. However, Li Shishi died before he finished writing this chronicle. Li yanshou began to collect information as a historian and was determined to fulfill his father's last wish.
How many chronicles did Li Shishi complete in the Southern and Northern Dynasties? Li yanshou said in the Preface to Northern History that in his father's old manuscript, the events of the Qi, Liang, Chen, Zhou and Sui Dynasties were "unprecedented". It can be seen that Li Shishi sorted out the historical events of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Southern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty. When the master was alive, these three generations had relatively complete and systematic history books for reference, namely, The Book of Songs by Shen Yue, The Book of Nanqi by Xiao Zixian and The Book of Wei by Wei Shou. At the right moment, the history of the Five Dynasties of Liang, Chen, Qi, Zhou and Sui, which li yanshou participated in compiling during the Zhenguan period, is exactly what this master did not have in the old draft, and prolonging his life can be supplemented by the favorable conditions of compiling history. Therefore, in addition to completing the tasks stipulated by the history museum, it is extremely hard to prolong life. "Because the editor is at leisure, he copies day and night." After two years, Yanshou left the historical bureau because of something, and the materials were far from being copied down. "It's compiled by income, but there are still many gaps and it's not finished." Fortunately, in the middle and late period of Zhenguan, Yanshou was allowed to participate in the compilation of the History of the Five Dynasties and the Book of Jin, so he further "searched around" and continued to collect historical materials comprehensively. Yanshou also used the opportunity of consulting official history books to complete the contents of his father's old manuscript. "Because of this, we can find what is not in the works of Song, Qi and Wei." Because the History of the Five Dynasties has not been published for the time being, it is just hidden in a secret cupboard. Yan Shouyi "dare not let people copy it", so he has to read and copy it himself as a historian, and because his family is poor and has no money to hire people to copy it, he has to copy all kinds of history books himself. In addition to eight official histories, Yanshou excavated miscellaneous histories that were not found in more than 1000 volumes of official history, all of which were compiled and the tedious ones were deleted. The official history of the Eight Dynasties is 566 volumes, plus miscellaneous history 1000 volumes. On the basis of copying and studying such a huge amount of historical books, Yanshou wrote 65,438+0,80 volumes of southern history and northern history. The ratio of historical materials preparation to book writing is about ten to one, which shows the diligent spirit and serious attitude of Yanshou in history.
Yanshou's self-report "compiled from beginning to end 16 years" refers to the time spent in the specific writing process. He began to compile it in the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), and it took sixteen years to finish it in the fourth year of Xianqing (659). If we count the time of collecting historical materials from three years to seventeen years of Zhenguan, then Yanshou has worked hard for the birth of southern history and northern history for 30 years. Although Yanshou revised the history according to his stepfather's will and referred to his father's unfinished draft, he did not follow the style of his father's old draft. Li Shifu's work is an imitation of Wu Yue Chun Qiu, which is chronological; Yanshou's works are similar to Historical Records and biographical, but they are not exactly the same as Historical Records, and they are a style between Historical Records and Hanshu.
People are familiar with Sima Qian's Historical Records, which is the first biographical history, from the ancient Yellow Emperor to the Western Han Emperor. Ban Gu's Hanshu is the first biographical dynastic history, which records the historical events in the Western Han Dynasty. Later historians have imitated the style of Hanshu to compile the history of the previous generation. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the official listed biographies and dynastic histories of past dynasties under historical records, which were called "official history" and regarded as authentic historiography. The seven official histories compiled before the Tang Dynasty (Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu, The History of the Three Kingdoms, Song Shu, Nanqi Shu, Shu Wei) were all compiled by private individuals or officially recognized by individuals. In the Yanshou era, the system of official revision of history books and supervision of prime ministers was established, and the unified situation of official revision of biographies in the previous generation was established. All biographical history books of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, except the three compiled by the previous generation, were just supplemented by this dynasty, and these books were all "imperial" by this dynasty. Li yanshou is just an ordinary historian, but he wants to rebuild the history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, sort out and correct the official history recognized by the emperor of this dynasty, which shows that he is a more courageous and responsible historian. One of the reasons why he did this was to complete his father's last wish and make a general history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Another reason is that he is not satisfied with the existing dynastic history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In Entering the Book, he criticized the narrative contradictions of these historical books, arguing that "there are many similarities and differences between them". He believed that these historical books were not widely collected and those neglected historical materials were "easily forgotten". If they are not used soon, they may even try to correct them in the future.
The characteristics are arranged in generations, all of which are ministerial level.
He described the historical events of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the style of biography and general history respectively. He compiled the history of Wei (including Eastern Wei and Western Wei), Northern Qi Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty and Sui Dynasty into "Northern History", which lasted for 232 years from Tuoba Gui, the fifth emperor of Wei Dao, to Yining, the second year of Sui Dynasty (6 18). The Sui Dynasty actually unified the whole country, so it should not be listed separately in the history of the North. There may be two considerations for prolonging life. First, it is more convenient to bring the Sui Dynasty into the northern history, because it was inherited by the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Otherwise, in addition to the general history of the North and South, a history of the Sui Dynasty should be compiled, which is easy to give people a sense of confusion. Secondly, bringing Sui into the history of the North can highlight the great significance of the Tang Dynasty and serve the political interests of North Korea. Yanshou compiled the history of the Southern Song Dynasty, Southern Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty into "Southern History", which lasted 169 years from the first year of Liu Yong (420) to the third year of Chen (589).
It is precisely because li yanshou narrated the historical events of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in a general history style that he broke the restrictions of the dynasties and concentrated the figures and historical events of the Northern and Southern Dynasties respectively. The emperors, queens and royal families in the two histories are arranged in the order of dynasties. The biographies of the following ministers have a general order. For some descendants of Plutocratic family, they are attached to their father's ancestral home. The southern history is dominated by Wang and Xie, while the northern history is dominated by Cui and Lu, and the family system is distinct. Other kinds of biographies further broke the boundaries of dynasties. This practice has aroused the dissatisfaction of some scholars in later generations. Scholars who revised the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu in Qing Dynasty believe that the narrative example of prolonging life is family biography, not national history. Wang Mingsheng, a famous textual research scholar, criticized that prolonging life span is the most absurd thing to turn national history into genealogy. In fact, some of these critics are too rigid about the style of official history, and they fail to see that li yanshou's method of official history is creative. History of the South and History of the North are general histories of several generations, changes in the official history of dynasties, and are based on actual conditions. First of all, the rule of each generation in the Northern and Southern Dynasties was not long. Often, a person experienced several dynasties, and sometimes it was difficult to properly classify someone into a certain dynasty, so prolonging life turned the body of dating into a general history. Secondly, in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wang, Xie, Cui and Lu flourished and played an important role in social politics, economy, culture and military affairs. Yanshou pays attention to genealogy, which is a true reflection of history, and the clan is involved in it, which is convenient for readers to find.
Pigeons gather together to flee for their lives, which is widely told.
Li yanshou's History of the South and History of the North are not simply abridged and divorced from the old history, but try to enrich some new historical materials. In view of the fact that the author of Old History pays more attention to official materials than folk records, Yanshou intends to focus on "short stories" that are easily forgotten, believing that these materials have high historical value. Liu Zhiji, a famous historical critic after the extension of life, also holds the same view: "Generally, books recorded in small notes are recorded on the same day and at that time, and the history of various countries is the most authentic." The views of these two historians are very reasonable, because the official records are restricted by various things, so they are often unable to tell the truth and will inevitably hide more, while the private records are more personal experiences without censorship and other controls, so they can seek the truth. Compared with southern Shu Qi, Liang Shu, northern Shu Qi and northern Zhou Shu, the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties has added many important historical facts. As far as the history of the Liang Dynasty is concerned, there are more than ten biographies of Wang Lin and others by Heather than Liang Shu, which also enriches some original biographies, such as Biography of Fan Zhen. Of course, the content added by Yanshou is about "people's good and evil are the success or failure of things", but because Yanshou has a strong interest in anecdotes, there are many strange things and unimportant trivial things. For example, in The Biography of Yin Zichun, there are more heathers than Liang Shu: there is a temple in Qingzhou, which was destroyed by the king, and a big snake was built on it and grew into the sea. Cotyledon dreams of finding a place to settle down. This is a sacrificial village. Please call and find a place to settle down. Night Dream came to thank him and said, "Let's repay him with a state gift." He was awarded the secretariat of South Qingzhou for violating Wei Bing. It is obviously inappropriate for this bizarre thing to enter history.
In addition to verbosity, its essence
There are 566 volumes of eight histories of Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Northern Qi, Zhou and Sui, but after the life extension, it was changed to two histories of North and South, which was reduced to 180 volumes. I can see that many words have been deleted. Generally speaking, Yanshou and Song Shu were deleted most, because these two books were the most voluminous in the eight histories, Song Shu was 100 and Shu Wei was 130. In order to prolong life, two books, Song and Wei, must be cut. In addition, the two books of Song and Wei were compiled by the former dynasty, and there were many criticisms between the Northern and Southern Dynasties. One of the purposes of prolonging life as a historian is to correct this shortcoming, and there is no need to worry about offending the historians of the dynasty when the axe is cut down. Most of the censors, symbols and chapters deleted in Yanshou are summarized in concise language with concise intention. Another key point is to attack the south and attack the north. This is because Yanshou is well aware of how untrue various historical records of war are, and it has become the practice of historians to praise victory and cover up defeat. At this time, it is not easy to verify the traces of war victory and defeat, so it is deleted.
The text is secure, so it will not be changed.
For a considerable part of the original Eight History, Yan Shouyi did not change it at will. As long as he thinks fit, he either copies all the old texts or arranges them separately. Especially for Chen Shu and Sui Shu, there is basically no big increase or decrease to prolong life. For example, Biography of Emperor Wen, Biography of Yang Di and Biography of Gong in Northern History are all from Sui Shu. Only the opening sentence of "The Chronicle of Emperor Wendi" was changed to "One tree builds the foundation, accumulating virtues and tiring people". The history of the North and the South and the history of the Eight Dynasties have their own strong points, which complement each other and have irreplaceable advantages for future generations to understand this historical period. Therefore, most scholars in later generations read the History of the North and South and the History of the Eight Dynasties in contrast to learn from each other. The core of li yanshou's thought of compiling history is "taking history as a mirror", which is consistent with the dominant thought of official compiling history in the early Tang Dynasty. However, the characteristic of Yanshou is that it is good at choosing some small and typical events and plots to express ideas, which of course benefits from his unique vision of attaching importance to "short stories" and his efforts in investigating more than 1000 volumes of miscellaneous history, so the history books are also more interesting. It is easy to impress readers by showing someone's behavior not only through direct narration, but also through other people's conversations.
Li yanshou's ideological tendency of advocating national unity is obvious. He corrected all kinds of narrow prejudices in some history books during the period of North-South division, tried to describe history realistically without narrow regional concepts, and effectively showed readers that China is a multi-ethnic political, economic and cultural community, and the trend of national unity and great ethnic integration is unstoppable. Compared with the two histories, the History of the North is better than the History of the South, because li yanshou and his father Li Shishi are both northerners, so they are familiar with the history, anecdotes, customs and customs of the Northern Dynasties and can see more historical materials. In addition, Li Tang originated from the Northern Dynasties, and the government paid special attention to the study of the history of the Northern Dynasties, which objectively created favorable conditions. Therefore, the records in the History of the North are more detailed than those in the History of the South.
Li yanshou's History of North and South has made great achievements in popularizing historical knowledge. Because the volume is not complicated and easy to copy, it is widely circulated. Liang Zhangju, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, pointed out in his Essays on Going Out of the Temple: Since the history of the South and the history of the North, the original history of the Eight Official Records has become unimportant, and few people recite it, so the longer it takes, the more serious the loss of the Eight Official Records will be. This shows that the history of the North and South is more valued by the society than the history of the Eight Dynasties, and historical knowledge is more effectively disseminated. Later historians once spoke highly of prolonging life. In the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty written by people in the late Jin Dynasty, they praised: "li yanshou studied history, edited and edited it, and made it a grand ceremony. When is there no one? " Sima Guang was an outstanding historian in the Song Dynasty. He devoted himself to studying history and reading historical books of past dynasties. In his letter to Liu Daoyuan, he lamented: "Knowing the book of li yanshou is also a good history. Although he mocked Shi Xiang's trivial matters, he covered everything, but his narrative was simple. Compared with the official history of the North and South, there were no tedious and obscene words. After stealing Chen Shou, only extending his life can be realized in Asia. An interesting phenomenon is that li yanshou mainly compiled History of the South and History of the North on the basis of Eight History, but when the official history of the Northern Song Dynasty was published, it was supplemented by some defects of the North and Shu. It can be seen that the history of the South and the history of the North objectively played a role in preserving historical materials and maintaining the basic integrity of the eight histories. This contribution, of course, was unexpected by li yanshou.
Li yanshou wrote eighty volumes of History of the South and one hundred volumes of History of the North. Northern history from Wei to Sui, Southern history from Song to Chen. According to the eight books of Song, Nanqi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Beiqi, Zhou and Sui, it is more concise than the old history. Because li yanshou lived in the north and was familiar with the Northern Dynasties, the history of the north was more detailed than that of the south. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Qingyou wrote Notes on the History of South and North 19 1 Volume, and Zhou Jiayou wrote Notes on the History of South and North with 8 volumes. History of the South and History of the North are both biographical histories.
The History of the South consists of 80 volumes, including biography 10 volume and 70 volumes. It recorded the history of the rise and fall of the four regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen during the period of about 170 from the first year of Yongchu (420) to the third year of Zhenming (589). The History of the North consists of 12 and 88 volumes, totaling 100. The chronicle began in the first year of Wei Daowu in the Northern Dynasty (386) and ended in the second year of Sui Yining (6 18), including 230 years of the four feudal regimes of Wei, Qi, Zhou and Sui in the Northern Dynasty. Both books have biographies, biographies, no ambitions and no expressions. After the Northern Song Dynasty, Shu Wei, North Shu Qi and Zhoushu were destroyed, and later generations supplemented the relevant contents of the history of the North.
The ideological value of "History of the South" and "History of the North" is that it promotes the unification of the world. It has changed the bad habit of calling each other "islanders" and "prisoners" in the North and South for more than a century. Li yanshou believed that the Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties occupied the same historical position. He opposed "compiling the history of some northern minority regimes before the Northern Wei Dynasty". It is also pointed out that the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Qi Liang Dynasty and the Chen Dynasty, although partial to the south of the Yangtze River, have been in the same strain for more than 300 years, and it is not advisable to deny their historical status. Li yanshou in "History of the South" and "History of the North" in no particular order, giving the northern and southern dynasties the same status. This kind of understanding and practice, which no longer emphasizes the opposition between North and South and the boundary between China and foreign countries in historical writing, embodies the great achievements of national integration and is the progress of history. In specific writing, li yanshou also took some appropriate measures to promote the sense of unity. He adopted the practice of "unclear diplomatic relations between the two countries" (Zhao Yi's Notes on Twenty-two Histories 13 "Unknown diplomatic relations between the two countries in the history of North and South"), aiming at reducing too much entanglement.
When describing a character's historical activities, Southern History and Northern History usually associate the character described with the ups and downs of his family, the joys and sorrows of honor and disgrace, and pay special attention to the relationship between the cause and effect of the character's social activities and "family voice" and "family style". I also paid great attention to the relationship between the rise and fall of the family and the rise and fall of the dynasty. All these reflect the historical characteristics and social features of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Southern History and Northern History were later included in Twenty-four History, which played an important role in China's historiography. ?
Li yanshou, the author of Old Tang Book, has a surname in Longxi and lives in Xiangzhou. In Zhenguan, he made up for Prince Dianshan and bachelor of Chongxian Pavilion, tasted the imperial edict and cooperated with Zuo Lang Jingbo to compile the historical records of the Five Dynasties. He also wrote the Book of Jin in advance, looked for the main book of Yushitai and directed the national history. Yanshou tried to write thirty volumes of Taizong Canon. Li moved to Fuxilang to study national history and beg for death. During the enlightenment, Emperor Gaozong tasted the "political classic" he wrote, sighed for a long time, hid it in a secret pavilion and gave his family fifty pieces of silk. Yanshou also tried to delete and supplement the History of the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Qi, Zhou and Sui Dynasties, which is called the History of the South and the North, with a volume of 180, which has been widely read by generations.
Li yanshou in Xiangzhou, eighty volumes of Southern History, New Tang Book. In Zhenguan, I made up for Prince Cheng of Dianshan and Bachelor of Chongxian Pavilion. In order to compile labor, I transferred to the main book of Yushitai to direct national history. At the beginning, Yanshou's father, a great teacher, knew a lot about the past and often used Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Qi, Zhou and Sui as references. The south is called "Rousseau" in the north, and the north is called "Yidao". Its history is recorded in detail in China, but it is lacking in China. It is often lost, so it is corrected. It was planned to compile the Spring and Autumn Annals to study North-South affairs, but nothing happened. Prolonging a person's life span is not only a matter of counting and writing, but also a well-informed problem. In the first year of Guoyuan, Deng Wei made the twelfth and eighty-eighth biographies of this subject in the second year of Sui Yining, which is called "Northern History". In the first year of Song Yongchu, Chen Zhenming spent three years writing ten or seventy biographies, which are called "Southern History". Every eight generations, there are two books and 180 articles on it. His book is quite organized, which is far from reading this book. People don't call books much when they see their youth. Move to Xilang, study national history and die. I tried to write Emperor Taizong's Canon, which revealed that Emperor Gaozong watched it. I consulted America, gave it 50 pieces of silk, and kept a secret cupboard. I'd better not record it for the crown prince.