Bo people include two tribes. One is the talent of Dulai River Basin, who speaks talent words. One is the Germanic people in the Chayu River valley, who speak Germanic dialects. The two languages are different, but they both communicate in Darien dialect. The ethnic origin of the Geman tribe comes from the differentiation of Burmese people. Before the liberation of Tibet, most Bo people lived in deep forests, and their houses were made of branches, leaves, hay and hides, which were very simple. Production tools are also very backward, mainly knives, arrows, darts, sticks and so on. Agriculture practices slash-and-burn cultivation, and the grain output is low. For more than half a year, people lived by collecting wild vegetables, wild fruits, intercropping and eating raw meat. Due to the extremely low living standard, people are generally short.
When Tibet was liberated, Bo people were still at the end of the family system in primitive society. Under this specific historical condition, the Bo people living in the virgin forest have not yet formed class division, and the concept of hierarchy, private ownership and various moral concepts are not obvious.
1959. Since the democratic reform in Tibet, Bo people have undergone earth-shaking changes in all aspects. Under the care of the Party and the government, with the help of the local Tibetan people and the garrison, Bo people walked out of the mountains, moved to the valley terrace, established a new home, and began modern human life. The stereotype of buying and selling marriage and smoking opium has disappeared. Ethnic barriers and ethnic discrimination have been eliminated, and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet treat Bo people equally. Both men and women directly participated in productive labor, achieving harmony and equality; All school-age children are enrolled in school; Dozens of people have grown into national cadres, and more than 20 of them have taken up leadership positions at the county and district levels. 265438+At the beginning of the 20th century, Bo people lived in four towns in Xiachayu District, Chayu County. Under the leadership of the Party and the government, they independently set up seven production teams, with cultivated land 1200 mu, and the production developed rapidly. Some production teams have also established small hydropower stations under the leadership of the party and the government. Under the leadership of the party and the government, the primitive and inhuman life of the Pakistani brothers is gone forever.
After the Third Tibet Work Forum of the Central Committee, it increased its support for Bo people, helping them to build houses, reclaim farmland, build water conservancy projects and buy agricultural machinery, and their production and life have undergone qualitative changes. 2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the century, Bo people mainly focused on agriculture. Crops include rice, corn, sorghum, soybeans, mung beans, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, watermelon and various vegetables. With the help of Party committees and governments at all levels, most people at the beginning of 2 1 century have got rid of poverty and lived a well-off life with adequate food and clothing.
Chayu County is located in the southeastern border of Tibet, bordering Yunnan in the east, Medog County in the west, Zuogong, Basu and bomi county in the north, and Myanmar and India in the south. The county has a total population of 26,000, consisting of nine ethnic groups, including Tibetan, Han, Naxi, Dulong, Miao, Hui, Barrow, Wa and Nu. Chayu is one of the important border counties in Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 588.64 kilometers, accounting for more than one-eighth of the border of the whole region, including the Sino-Indian border of 40 1 km and the China-Myanmar border of 187.64 km. 1962 The famous self-defense counterattack between China and India-the Battle of Vanon took place here.
Due to the small population and other reasons, ethnic affiliation has not been confirmed so far. The main crops planted by Bo people are: corn, chicken claw valley, upland rice, buckwheat, millet and so on.
Most of Bo people's paddy fields are terraced fields, and canals are dug to get water from mountain streams for irrigation. No irrigation and drainage facilities. The off-season in winter is the hunting season for bloggers. Most men in this period went hunting in the mountains, and there were many ways to hunt. First, they shoot arrows. The second is to dig a trap, that is, dig a pit several meters deep in the area near the cave where wild animals often move or live, insert dozens of bamboo tips at the bottom of the pit, cover the pit and disguise it. In this way, once the prey falls into the trap, the pointed bamboo stake is deeply inserted into the prey. The third kind is lasso, which binds the rope into a trap and lies in the grass on the ground, with both ends fixed. This is specially used to cover rabbits, pheasants and other small animals. Hunting is the main source of meat for Bo people and the main way to increase their income. In addition, some bamboo, wood, metal and stone tools are produced.
Corn should be planted within a day or two after burning. Insert a stick into a small hole and put two or three seeds at a distance of about one step. Corn begins to ripen in September. Corn can be harvested from September to November. When harvesting corn, a straw shed is set up in the field, and layers of clothes racks are set up in the shed. After the ears of corn are hung on the shelf under the leadership of the party and the government, they are dried and then carried home to thresh and return to the warehouse, or threshed while eating.
Chicken claw valley, buckwheat, etc. It should be planted in cultivated land. The so-called cultivated land is the relatively flat land near the village, which is planted. During the growing period of crops, they can weed once or twice and then harvest directly. The animal husbandry of Bo people is not as developed as that of Tibetans, and it is mainly raised by families, and there is no special pasture. Especially since the reform and opening up, the number of families raising cattle and horses has increased significantly. With the improvement of production technology and traffic conditions, it is very common to use large livestock to plow fields and carry them.
Hunting is one of the main sources of meat in Bo people's families, and it is also an important supplement to economic income. The hunting methods of Bo people mainly include putting ropes, digging traps and burying bamboo piles. And shoot with a bow and arrow. A few families also use gunpowder guns exchanged with the outside world or made by bloggers themselves.
Like most Chayu Tibetans, Bo people like to eat fish. The main method of fishing is to put a bamboo basket with a big mouth and a small belly into the flowing water, and the fish can't get out after drilling into the bamboo basket, thus catching fish. Textile is the main household sideline of three women. Most of the textile raw materials are domestic or wild hemp, the loom is crude, the operation is primitive, and the linen woven is rough. Simple patterns and geometric figures can be woven with threads dyed with different colors.
Handicraft industry, which has not yet formed an independent social production department before liberation, belongs to agricultural production and is a family sideline of Bo people. Mainly metal processing, bamboo and wood products production and knitting production.