The words used by the ancients were short and capable, often expressing the great righteousness, but they paid great attention to the tone. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is to master the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. Only by mastering the meaning of a certain number of classical Chinese words and accumulating knowledge of classical Chinese words can we read classical Chinese smoothly.
Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points: First, read more books. First, read more books.
The seniors studied classical Chinese, emphasizing reading more and getting familiar with it. The so-called "reading a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident." Second, carry more.
On the basis of reading aloud, recite as many texts as possible. It would be better if you can also reflect the charm and emotion of the original text in a cadence when reciting. Generally speaking, when a paragraph or sentence is put forward, we can immediately know which text it comes from and its meaning. This is the basic skill.
Third, remember more. The main research contents of classical Chinese include words, characters, grammar, phonology, rhetorical expression and stylistic features, among which words should be emphasized first.
Remember more common words in classical Chinese, which is the key to learn classical Chinese well. Fourth, practice more.
Is to apply what you have learned at any time and integrate theory with practice. The main method of practice is translation.
How to do translation exercises? The formula is this: once we aim at the first line, we neither increase nor decrease. Literal translation is a principle, and free translation is not casual.
Classical Chinese has many monosyllables, so it can be changed with disyllables. Proper names should still be written, and idioms need not be changed.
Understand both sentence patterns and punctuation. There are redundant words in the original text, so the translation can be omitted.
The original text is omitted, and brackets should run through the whole text. Do you believe in Ada? Read three sides and five sides, and look up more after translation.
That is, he is good at solving problems in classical Chinese learning with the help of reference books. In addition to the above five methods, we should pay attention to two points in learning classical Chinese.
First, we should pay attention to and grasp the differences between ancient and modern Chinese. Second, we should actively accumulate some common sense about ancient culture.
Why learn classical Chinese? Mastering all aspects of classical Chinese is based on reading, so we should first cultivate the sense of reading classical Chinese, such as learning English. China is an ancient civilization with a long history, and our ancestors left us rich cultural wealth. Chairman * * * once said that we should adopt an attitude of "making the past serve the present" for ancient culture.
When we study classical Chinese, we should master the methods and inherit the ancient cultural heritage. There were many excellent historians and writers in ancient China. They have written many works, all of which are of high value. Reading these works can inspire our patriotic feelings. For example, Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty said, "No one has died since ancient times, so we should keep an open mind."
Lu You's "Sleeping in a lonely village is not mourning for yourself, but thinking about defending the country." Poetry has been passed down to this day.
When the ancients wrote, they paid great attention to layout and composition skills. It can be said that writing is painstaking, and Jia Dao has the allusion of "deliberation".
Therefore, some ancient chapters can not only edify us with literature, but also help our writing. Therefore, we should not only learn classical Chinese, but also learn it well, so as to inherit the ancient cultural heritage and truly make the past serve the present.
2. Whether middle school students should learn classical Chinese 1 is not a problem, especially not a choice for middle school students. This means that in order to accept the status quo, some students often look for it out of resistance to classical Chinese, but they can't find the meaning of learning classical Chinese, so they ask if they want to learn it. This is a science, an essential part of learning, and there is no room for discussion.
2. Make it clear that you want to learn. This is first and foremost the need for cultural inheritance. Although some cultures are intangible, they are the root and soul of a nation. The life contained in classical Chinese is actually the crystallization of China ancestors' serious thinking, and it also has profound enlightenment significance for us now. Secondly, the classical Chinese language is concise, refined and concise, with one as ten. Mr. Lu Xun's writing style is so sharp and tasteful that one of the contributions should be attributed to his profound knowledge of classical Chinese. Not to mention the whole, directly quoting the words of the ancients can also increase the literary talent and thickness of the text.
3. Seek the opposite view of "Do you want to learn classical Chinese well?".
Don't learn classical Chinese!
Reason:
Classical Chinese is only needed in the study of ancient books, but it has disappeared in daily life. Just like we chat here, we don't need classical Chinese, although sometimes we "write" out of hobby.
Classical Chinese is the language of the past, which is basically the same as ancient spoken Chinese, but more refined. Modern people speak vernacular, and the words that reflect their spoken language can only be vernacular.
Classical Chinese is only understood after learning ancient Chinese. But most people don't read or basically don't read ancient Chinese. Don't talk about China, isn't it the same abroad? Who speaks Latin now? How much has modern English changed compared with ancient English? Only a few people can learn this kind of extinct language!
If you just want to show yourself and don't want others to see it, you can of course write it with Zi Hu Ye. You can even write in any extinct language, such as ancient Greek, Catalan, Hebrew or Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
If you want to communicate with others-language is a communication tool-then of course you should use a common language.
4. Should middle school students learn ancient Chinese? The guest's answer on the second floor is so ostentatious that people have to doubt the purity of your answer to this question. Are you advertising or instructing other schools how to teach students to learn ancient Chinese? China's education system is already very complicated, which is not bad for your "golden advice".
In my opinion, it is necessary for middle school students to learn ancient Chinese, but they should not deviate from the correct learning direction. They should have a simple and direct purpose. If the purpose is correct, should they learn? I think the owner of the question should have an answer himself.
The following are three goals that I think middle school students should achieve in learning ancient Chinese:
First, improve the level of literature: understand the gap between complicated classical Chinese and simple and straightforward vernacular Chinese, and master the methods of changing from simplicity to complexity and from complexity to simplicity (just to give one example, there are too many word structures, techniques and writing skills in ancient Chinese, not to mention one example), so as to achieve the realm of turning decay into magic, dancing with a pen, simplifying complexity and simplifying complexity, which can be impressive when used in reality.
Second, look at the current situation through ancient examples: the study of ancient prose is not only literature, but also a unique historical background. When reading an article, we should not only look at the writing and make sentences, but also combine the historical background at that time, so as to know what it is and why. Then apply it to your own articles and life to avoid going the wrong way and standing in the wrong team.
Third, it is conducive to the cultivation of mentality: most people who study and like ancient Chinese have one thing in common. They are like the muxi Spring. They stand in troubled times and keep their emotions. A good attitude can stand not only the repression in real life, but also the tempering. The fullness of spirit is better than the height of appearance!
The above three points actually apply to all China people, that is to say, it is necessary not only for middle school students to learn ancient Chinese, but also for China people! Go back to the starting point and see if the purpose is correct.
The first purpose, in life, even if it's a worker's job, is to submit a resume (people who pull connections with their backs don't think so). If you can show your talents on square inch paper, it will have no influence on your future;
The second purpose is that the thinking of the ancients is the best learning material. It is much better to get what you want and lose what you lose than to know that the front is a "wall" after your nose is "squashed".
Third, in today's society, too many young people who are eager for success are pulled by society. Without "internal skills", they can't be masters. Without "connotation", they are just a smelly bag at best;
To sum up, I think it is very necessary for middle school students to learn ancient Chinese, and they should be able to use it after learning it. Otherwise, it will become learning for the sake of learning, and it is better not to learn because of formalism.
China's education constitution cannot be changed in a day or two, but our thoughts and goals can be mastered by ourselves. Do you want to learn? How to learn? Should I learn? How should I learn? I think the questioner should already have the answer!