A brief introduction to Du Mu 1
Du Mu (803 ~ 852), alias Fan Chuan, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, as well as Li Shangyin, and was known as "Little Du Li". The following is a brief introduction of Du Mu's life carefully compiled by Bian Xiao. Welcome to refer to!
He is honest and has great political ambitions, but he has been marginalized and frustrated many times in his life. In the end, he was named Du Shixun. Due to political frustration, he lived in his ancestral home in Fan Chuan, south of Chang 'an, and lived a bohemian life.
Du Mu is good at poetry and advocates the theory that "literature is based on meaning". He has a correct understanding of the relationship between the content and form of his works, and advocates that "everything is based on meaning, supplemented by qi, and chapters and sentences are guarded".
The poetic style is bold and graceful, unique and unique, especially the quatrains. Du Fu's poetic theory is unique, heroic and handsome, especially good at seven laws and seven laws, and he is a master of the late Tang Dynasty.
He worships Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan most. He can absorb and melt the strengths of his predecessors and form his own special style. He is the author of Collected Works of Fan Chuan, Poems of the Whole Hall and eight volumes of poems.
Du Mu's Short Life:
Du Yu was his sixteenth ancestor in the Western Jin Dynasty. Grandfather Du You was the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty.
Since the age of fifteen or sixteen, he has read extensively about classics and history, cared about current politics, and cherished the ideal of saving peril and restoring the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.
At the age of 23, he wrote A Gong Fang Fu, taking the abuse of power and extravagance in the Qin Dynasty as a warning, which sounded the alarm for the rulers of this dynasty.
Tang Wenzong Yamato was admitted as a scholar at the age of 26 in the second year, and was appointed as the school librarian of Hong Wen Museum.
In the same year 10, he was appointed as the observation ambassador of Jiangxi and the observation ambassador of Cui Dan and Huainan.
After four years (839), he returned to Chang 'an, where he was appointed as Zuobuque, Catering Department and Bibi Department.
Wu Zongshi, two years after Huichang (842), served as the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu.
In the third year of Xuanzong and Dazhong (849), he was a foreign minister of Si Xun and an envoy of the historical museum, and returned to Huzhou to be the secretariat.
A year later, he was transferred to the doctor's degree and doctor's degree. Finally, the official wrote a book.
A brief introduction to Du Mu II's life
Du Mu (803-853) was born in Mu Zhi in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). He is the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. At the age of twenty-six, Ju Jinshi was excluded by others because of his integrity. He worked as a consultant in embassies in Jiangxi, Xuanhua and Huainan for ten years, and was "bound by books, banquets and tours". His life is very unsatisfactory. At the age of 36, he moved to Beijing as an official. Later, Li Deyu, the prime minister, pushed him out and served as the secretariat in Huangzhou and Chizhou. Li Deyu lost power and influence and was transferred to Si Xun as foreign minister. Finally, the official wrote a book.
Du Mu saw all kinds of internal and external troubles of the Tang Empire and wanted to make a difference in politics. He pays attention to "the trace of the rise and fall of chaos, the matter of wealth, the danger of terrain, and the gains and losses of the ancients" (Li Zhongcheng's Book). He is good at discussing soldiers, and he has written May 16th Guards, Crime Words, On War, Defense Theory and Sun Tzu's Art of War. When he was a local official, he also did some good things for the people.
Some of his works show patriotism and concern for people's thoughts and feelings. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Taihe, the imperial court sent troops to suppress the disobedient `buffer region Cangzhou'. He wrote "Poems for Love", lamenting that since the Anshi Rebellion, the people's livelihood was haggard and he wanted to do something for the country. The poem "Duyin County" directly expresses his ideal and ambition: "For his wife, don't go to the mountains to hide?" All my life, I am willing to mend clothes. Xiange teaches Zhao Yan, and Lan Zhi bathes in Hehuang. When the fishy smell is swept away, it is fierce. Live but sleep, and live a rich life. "Another example is the poem Hehuang:
Yuan Zai's "xianggong" used to borrow money, and Tang Xianzong was also careful. I went to the east market when I saw the clothes, but suddenly I left my bow and arrow to inspect the west market. Although the shepherd drives the horse, he is willing to serve and do his best. Only Liangzhou song and dance are popular with idle people.
Through the irrecoverable incident of Hehuang, the poet expressed his infinite grief and indignation at the chaos of state affairs and the decline of national strength. At this time, no one in the court even thought about recovering Hehuang like Yuan Zai. Although the people of Hehuang are still under military uniform with the heart of caring for the motherland, the people of the whole country are listening to the songs and dances from Liangzhou in Hehuang with an insensitive and drunken attitude. His poem "Huaqing Palace": "The rain and dew are in the golden hole, and Gan Kun is drunk in his hometown" also has the same sad mood as the last two sentences of this poem. The poem "Early Wild Goose" uses the technique of comparison and the wild goose as a symbol of the frontier people;
In August, Uighur soldiers drew bows and arrows, geese flew in the wild and began to howl. On the moonlit night, the wild geese swept over the dew, and the mournful sound reached the dark palace of the palace. You know, legal cigarettes in the north can no longer go home with spring breeze. Please don't abandon a few people in Xiaoxiang. The moss in the water can avoid hunger and cold.
The scattered grief symbolizes the border people who fled back to the motherland under the ravages of Uighur aggression. This poem not only shows sympathy for the refugees, but also implies that the rulers are indifferent to them. The Palm of God and Nagato are not ordinary embellishments, and Do you pursue the spring breeze is not just a natural phenomenon of Hongyan's spring return to Qiu Lai. The ideological content and realistic background of these two poems are similar to those of Bai Juyi's Binrongman and Xiliang Geisha, but they are more concise.
His epic is also famous. Some poems satirize the rulers' arrogance and extravagance with historical themes. For example, there are two poems in Crossing the Qing Palace:
Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn. As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.
Xinfeng green trees have yellow dust, and I have ridden Yuyang several times to explore the messenger. They lied about their military situation, and Tang Gaozong and Yang Guifei still indulged in singing and dancing until the Anshi Rebellion arose and the Central Plains was broken.
This poem implicitly and powerfully satirizes the enjoyment of the late Tang emperor through the well-known story of the Tang emperor Yang Guifei. His creative intention is completely consistent with his dissatisfaction with Epanggong Fu. Some of his other historical works have obvious historical characteristics. For example, the poem "Red Cliff" says: "The east wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the bronze finches lock Er Qiao in spring." "Wujiang Pavilion" poem: "man of great talent, the son of Jiangdong, has made a comeback." They are all original comments on the key issues of success or failure in history. His historical quatrains were later imitated by many scholars.
Du Mu's seven-character quatrains in lyrical scenery writing have made great artistic achievements. For example:
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills. More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
-"Jiangnan Spring"
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
-"Bo Qinhuai"
In the distance, there are cold mountains, oblique stone paths and people in the depths of white clouds. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
-"Hiking"
These poems are beautiful, vivid and melodious, which shows that he is brilliant and full of vitality. The first two songs also reveal sadness about current events in the landscape. However, there are also some works with unhealthy thoughts and feelings in his poems, some of which are full of personal sadness and lack of ideal brilliance. Poems such as Farewell, Farewell and Sighing Flowers are all devoted to describing the decadent life of prostitutes. Drinking for sex is a popular trend among scholars in the Tang Dynasty, and Du Mu's poems are praised by later scholars who do nothing. These works are undoubtedly the dross in his poems.
Li Qingzhao (1March 08413—155) [1], born in Zhangqiu, Song Zhouqi (now northwest of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong), lives in Jinan. [4] Song Dynasty poetess, a representative figure of graceful and restrained school, was known as "the first talented woman through the ages". [ 15]
Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. His father Li has a rich collection of books. She laid a literary foundation in a good family environment when she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng collected calligraphy and painting stones together. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In art, make good use of line drawing, find a new way and use beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words. [2 1]
He is the author of Yi Lee An Ji, Yi 'an Jushi Anthology, Yi 'an Ci and so on, which have been lost. Later generations compiled Yu Shu Ji and Yu Shu Ci. There is a collection of Li Qingzhao today. [2]
Original name
Li Qingzhao
Another name
Li Yian
figure
Yi' an lay man
The Times
Northern Song Dynasty → Southern Song Dynasty
Ethnic groups
Han (ha)
Li Qingzhao's life experience can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage: Li Qingzhao grew up in a noble family before marriage. Her father Li, a scholar-bureaucrat, has a good knowledge of ancient Chinese. Her mother is also a poet and literary genius. Under the influence of keen ears and bright eyes, Li Qingzhao, who is gifted, has a good eye for reading and is eloquent. After she 18 years old married Zhao Mingcheng, a former student, she even sang praises to women and was happy with her poetry. At this stage, Li Qingzhao's works are fresh and natural, cheerful and lively, and life is full of interest. Li Qingzhao, who is intelligent and frank, is not limited to courtyard life, which can be known from the most famous Dream. Second, the second stage: Zhao Mingcheng, Li Qingzhao's husband, had a high cultural accomplishment before going to Du Nan two years after marriage, and her married life was also very harmonious and happy. However, at that time, all men should focus on their official career. Zhao Mingcheng was helpless and had to leave his beloved wife and go away from home. It is inevitable to miss her husband in both places, so Li Qingzhao has many works that miss her husband, and her ci works are also a portrayal of her real life. At this time, the original happy girl is gone, and she has grown into a young woman full of thoughts and feelings. Third, the third stage: the change of Jingkang, which happened in the year 1 127 after Du Nan, was not only the turning point of the Song Dynasty, but also the life of Li Qingzhao. With the capture of Bianjing by Nomads from the Golden Army and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao and his wife never lived happily ever after. Her husband, Zhao Mingcheng, died after being exiled, and Li Qingzhao could only continue to live in exile. Li Qingzhao's spirit is on the verge of collapse because of the double blow of national destruction and family death. However, she can't forget her husband's last words. During their exile, they carried many manuscripts, books and stone tools, but the Story of the Stone has not yet been written. Li Qingzhao had to rely on these spiritual sustenance to drag out an ignoble existence. But the turbulent situation and miserable life made Li Qingzhao lose those treasures, and she really became a lonely boat.
Du Mu's poems pay more attention to ideology. He believes that the article should be "based on meaning, supplemented by qi, and defended by words" (a reply to Zhuang Chongshu). He spoke highly of Du Li, saying that "Du Li is vast" and "Du's works are full of gloomy clouds, like tickling". On the one hand, his Preface to Li's Poems affirms that Li's poems are "descendants of Sao", and at the same time, he points out that he lacks the thinking of Li Sao, that is, "talk things over with the monarch and ministers" and "urge people to desire". He said that his creation is "dedicated to poetry, striving for perfection, not surprising, not vulgar, not for the present, not for the past, but for the middle" ("Dedicating Poetry"). From these words, we can see his ideas in poetry theory and his active pursuit in creation. However, in his creative practice, his poems written with gorgeous words obviously contradict his proposition of "nothing strange but common".