Sima Yi was a statesman and strategist of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Founder of the Western Jin Dynasty. Resourceful, he led the army twice to successfully resist Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition and pacify Liaodong Expedition. It has made important contributions to the economy such as reclaiming wasteland and repairing water. The following is the complete biography of Sima Yi that I compiled for you this year. Welcome to check ~

Personal profile

Chinese name Sima Yi

Date of death 25 1

His major achievements include Resisting Zhuge Liang, Reclaiming Land and Water, and Gongsun Yuan in the Shu Dynasty.

Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period

Han (HA)

Born in Little Jinli, Wen County, Hanoi.

Professional politicians and strategists

Date of birth 179

Alias (word) Zhong Da

Chinese nationality

Posthumous title Wen Zhen → Wenxuan → Wang Xuan → Xuan Di

Temple name gaozu

Mausoleum of shouyangshan

The title of Wuyang Hou

outline

Sima Yi (179-25 1), a native of Han nationality, was born in Xiaojinli, Wenxian County, Hanoi County. Wei was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period and the founder of the Western Jin Dynasty. He used to be the viceroy, general, Qiu and Taifu of Cao Wei. He was an important minister who assisted the three generations of Wei, and later became a powerful minister who controlled the state affairs of Wei. He is resourceful, resourceful and has made many expeditions. The most remarkable achievement is that he led the army twice to successfully resist Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition and pacify Liaodong Expedition. It has made important contributions to the economy such as reclaiming wasteland and repairing water. He died at the age of 73, resigned from the county magistrate and was buried in shouyangshan. Posthumous title "Wenxuan"; The second son Sima Zhao made Sima Yi the queen of Jin and made Sima Yi Wang Xuan. After Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor, Sima Yi was honored as Xuan Di.

family background

Sima Yi first came from Li Zhong, the son of Emperor Levin, and was a great official of the Xia Dynasty, Zhu Rong, who experienced the Tang Dynasty, Yu, Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty all his life. During the Zhou Dynasty, Xia Guan was Sima. Later, Bai Cheng divorced his father, and when he was in Zhou Xuanwang, he took Kefang, a world official, and Xiguan's family as his surname. On the occasion of Chu and Han Dynasties, Sima Yang became the general of Zhao State and fought against Qin State with the governors. Qin Wu was the king of Yin, with Hanoi as the capital. Korea regards its land as its county, and its children and grandchildren regard it as their home. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yang VIII arrived in An, and the general of the West was born in Jun, with a smooth word. Sima Shengjun's "yu zhang" is too strict in quantity and acceptable in wording. Yingchuan satrap Sima Jun has a different personality. Jing Sima Fang, a Chinese character. Sima Fang is Sima Yi's father (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

Sima Yan, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, said in one of his imperial edicts: "All people were born here, and the rites have been passed down for a long time" (Book of Rites of Jin).

Sima Yi, the second son of Sima Fang, is said in the history books to be "rare, intelligent, knowledgeable and obedient to Confucianism" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Sima Yi was born in troubled times and "always worried about the world" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

Character growth

Nanyang, the satrap of Yang, is famous for knowing people and being good at their duties. Sima Yi was less than twenty years old. When Yang met him, he said he was nothing ordinary. Cui Yan, the prime minister, befriended Sima Lang, Sima Yi's brother, and once said to Sima Lang, "Your brother is extremely clever, and he just cut off the Internet, which is beyond his son's reach" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

In the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), the county chose him as the top plan. Cao Cao was in power at that time. After hearing his fame, he sent someone to ask him to work in the government. Seeing that the national fortune of the Han Dynasty was weak, Sima Yi refused to be commanded by Cao Cao, so he made an excuse that he had rheumatism and could not live. Cao Cao didn't believe it, so he sent someone to find out the news at night. Sima Yi lay there motionless, as if she was really infected with wind arthralgia.

In the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, he was invited by Cao Cao three times before becoming an official, assisted by Cao Cao, and served as the Minister of Literature in the Prime Minister's Office. At that time, he was thirty years old. Later, the Prime Minister's office published a book.

New officialdom

In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), after Cao Cao became prime minister, Sima Yi was established as literature by compulsory means. Cao Cao said to the emissary, "If you delay any longer, you will accept it" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Sima yi was afraid and had to take office. Cao Cao asked him to travel with the prince, as assistant minister of Huangmen, negotiator, prime minister Cao Dong and prime minister. Sima Yi works under Cao Cao and is cautious and diligent. "As for the relationship between straw and animal husbandry, we all know that we are in shoes."

Historical image

In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Cao conquered Zhang Lu and Sima Yi joined the army. He said to Cao Cao, "Liu Bei took Liu Zhang by deception, and the Shu people fought for Jiangling without attaching it. This opportunity is now or never. Today, if Wei Yao is in Hanzhong, Yizhou will waver and enter the enemy, and it will inevitably collapse. Therefore, trends can easily become a skill. When a saint is irreversible, you must not lose time. " Cao Cao said: "The people are not satisfied with their sufferings, but they want to regain their Shu" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji)! Didn't take his advice.

In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), when Sun Quan showed his loyalty to Cao Cao, he encouraged Cao Cao to stand on his own feet as emperor. Cao Cao said, "This son wants evil in my furnace!" Sima Yi said, "Han Yun is going to die, and your Majesty has done it for the tenth and the ninth. Power is a vassal, which means the meaning of heaven and man. Yu, Xia, Yin and Zhou are not humble, but fear know life "(The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). At that time, there were still many bureaucrats under Cao Cao who supported the Han Dynasty, and they were deeply taboo by Cao Cao. However, famous figures such as Xun and Cui Yan did not come to a good end because they disagreed with the Han Dynasty in Cao Shi. Probably Sima Yi supported Cao Cao for a long time on this key issue, so Cao Cao gradually changed from doubt to trust.

In the first month of the second year of Jingchu (238), Sima Yi led Jinniu and Hu Zun to ride 40,000 soldiers to levy Gongsun Yuan and break Xiangping. Slaughter more than 7,000 people to build the North Beijing Temple.

In the first month of the third year of Jing (239), Sima Yi and Cao Shuang accepted the testamentary edict and assisted the young master ICY. Sima Yi served as assistant, held sacrifices, served as commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign armed forces, recorded the affairs of ministers, and co-chaired the state affairs with Cao Shuang.

In the second year of Zhengshi (24 1), in April, Sun Quan attacked Wei, and in June, Sima Yi stationed reinforcements and Wu Jun retreated. Planning with Wargo to create a military camp in Huaibei, Huainan.

In July, Sima Yi was added to eat food, and Linying. There are four counties, ten thousand families and eleven children.

In September of four years (243), Sima Yi led the army to levy Wu.

In May of the eighth year (247), Sima Yi pretended to be ill and did not ask about political affairs.

In the first month of the first year of Jiaping (249), Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang and his henchmen Yanhe, Ding Mi, Deng Yang, Bi Gui, Li Sheng and Huan Fan. , eliminated the three families.

In April of the third year of Jiaping (25 1), he led an army to crusade against the tomb.

In August of the third year of Jiaping (25 1), Sima Yi died at the age of 73.

Personality advantage

Apart from military affairs, Sima Yi also made great contributions to Wei in economy. In order to restore the northern economy and solve the problem of military grain, the Cao Wei regime once implemented two kinds of land reclamation systems, civilian and military. Sima Yi has made great achievements in promoting military camps. About twenty-three or four years after Jian 'an, Sima Yi was changed by Sima in the Prime Minister's army, and suggested to Cao Cao: "In the past, when Ji Zi was Chen, food came first. Today, more than 200,000 yuan has been built for people who don't farm, which is not raised by the state. Although Jia Rong has not been rolled up, it should be cultivated "("Jin Shu Xuan Di Ji "). Cao Cao did it. As a result, the state of Wei was once "land to the tiller, and the country used it" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

Cao Cao adopted this suggestion and died only two years later. In such a short period of time, it is certainly difficult to formalize the military camp and spread it out on a large scale. The main officers in charge of the military camp, such as corps commander, a captain and so on, were all established in Huang Chu (220-226) after Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. This shows that the formalization of the military camp was in the Cao Pi period.

Cao Wei's military garrison was widely carried out, but its main base was set in the border guard area, especially in the military opposition zone with Wu and Shu. The establishment of two military bases in the opposition zone between Cao Wei and Wu and Shu is related to Sima Yi.

In the neighboring areas of Cao Wei and Shu Han, such as Chang 'an, Li Huai, Chencang and Shangdi, there are civilians and military organizations. Among them, Shangbang Military Camp is the most famous. This military camp base was established at the initiative of Sima Yi in the fourth year of Taihe (230). The Book of Jin Shihuozhi said: "Xuandi Biao moved 5,000 farmers in Jizhou to promote Jingzhao, Tianshui and Nan 'an Yanchi to benefit the army. "Du Zhi Shangshu and Sima Fu, the third brother of Sima Yi, presided over the specific affairs at that time." Wang Fu, a biography of Jin 'an Ping, said: "Guanzhong was repeatedly attacked by thieves and lacked food and silk. He sent butyl five, a farmer from Jizhou, to stay in the mountains for thousands of days, learning to fight in autumn and winter, and repairing fields and mulberry in spring and summer. Because the Guanzhong army has a surplus, thieves are ready. "Thus, the Shangbang Juntun was established under the joint planning of Sima Yi and Sima Fu.

In the fifth year of Taihe, Zhuge Liang attacked Tianshui. At this time, the wheat on the barracks has grown out. Some people advocated "feeding wheat from top to bottom and stealing food from thieves", but Wei Mingdi refused. "Send troops before and after to increase publicity for Wang Jun and protect wheat." Sima yi and Zhuge Liang were at loggerheads, but thanks to the wheat from the above-mentioned barracks as rations, they won. It was not until the second year (255) that the general of Anxi, Deng Ai, "planted crops for the district, and took the lead in mine" ("The Book of Jin Duan Zhuochuan") settled the field again. All these show the importance of going to the military camp.

In the fifth year of Taihe, Sima Yi was stationed in Chang 'an, in charge of the military affairs of Yong and Liang, and began to preside over the war against Shu. In order to strengthen his own strength, he attached great importance to the construction of Guanzhong wasteland base. In the first year of Qinglong (233), Sima Yi organized the construction of water conservancy. "The Kaiguo Canal, built near Chencang to the north of Shanxi Province, attracted more than 3,000 hectares of irrigation brine" (Jin Ji), and received the effect of "enriching the country" (Jin Shu Shi Huo Zhi). In the third year of Qinglong, there was a famine in Kanto, and Sima Yi transported five million welcome millet to Luoyang, the capital, as a relief fund. It can be seen that he has a lot of food in Guanzhong.

The reclamation in the area adjacent to Cao Wei and Wu Dong is mainly in the north and south of Huaihe River. Cao Cao once "settled the field in Huainan" (Poems of the Three Kingdoms and Shu Wei Cang), but that was only for the people. In the first two years (24 1), Sima Yi presided over the war against Wu. He and Deng Ai, a former cowherd and farmer, planned to camp in Huaibei, Huainan. In the second year, Sima Yi "played the canal, diverted water into the Bianhe River, irrigated the southeast of Beipi, and began to live in the Huaihe River" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). In the third year, Sima Yi once again entered this area, opened the Huaiyang and Bai Chi canals, and restored the vicious areas in the north and south of Yingshang, covering an area of more than 10,000 hectares. Naturally, the Huai River and the Jade River face each other, while Shouyang is the capital, and An Lushan, an agricultural official, even belongs to Yan (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

Records of Food Goods in the Book of Jin records that Sima Yi and Deng Ai founded Huaibei to cultivate land, saying, "Today, there are 20,000 people in Huaibei and 30,000 people in Huainan, so divide and rule. Rich in water resources, the income is often three times that of the west. At the end of the year, 5 million yuan is considered military capital. In six or seven years, 30 million sticks can be accumulated in Huai soil, which means that hundreds of thousands of people can eat for five years. ..... The Huaihe River in the north, Zhong in the south, Hengshi in the west, spent more than 400 miles of water, set up a camp in five miles, and guarded it with 60 people. At the same time, two canals, Guanghuaiyang and Bai Chi, will be built, leading to the river and Huai Ying, and the vicious areas in Yingnan and Yingbei will be treated. A canal spanning more than 300 miles and 20,000 hectares of irrigated land connect Huainan and Huaibei. From Shouchun to Shi Jing, the voices of agriculture, soldiers, fields and chickens and dogs all belong to each other. "

The large-scale reclamation carried out by Sima Yi and Deng Ai played an important role in promoting the recovery and development of the northern economy, especially increasing the financial resources of Cao Wei and supporting the war with Wu Dong.

Personality assessment

Sima Yi is a man who is "jealous at home and lenient at abroad" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji), but Cao Cao knows that he is "ambitious" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).

At that time, Wang Dao sat down and asked about Jin's previous life. Wang Dao described Sima Yi's achievements when he started his business and various means of surmise and forbearance, and talked about what Si Mazhao did when he was in the aristocratic township. Jin Mingdi was so ashamed that he buried his face in the bed and said, "If it is fair, Jin will have a long-term recovery" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji)! This is a false statement that belittled Sima's family in ancient times. The Jin Dynasty had strict taboo etiquette, and did not even say the names of ancestors in front of their sons. Pei Songzhi commented in Zhuge Liang Biography: "It is unreasonable to expose the shortcomings of Xuandi and destroy his father." Wang Dao, a gentleman, would persuade Jin Mingdi to imitate the justice of his ancestors. He can't say the fault of Sima Yi and his son. Besides, Sima Yi's father and son were innocent in the incident of Cao Shuang and returning home.

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, once made a historical comment on the Book of Jin Xuandi Ji, pointing out the contradiction or imbalance of Sima Yi in personality, military affairs and politics. The original text is as follows: Fu Tiandi is big, and Li Yuan is the foundation. When the country is expensive, the head of state comes first. Chaos is impermanent, and it is lucky to rise and fall. Therefore, above the five emperors, living in Wancheng is troublesome; The three kings have come, and they have fun in their worries. Fight for information, interests, size and strength. After Wei's arrest, the three parties fought endlessly and the atmosphere was foggy. Huang Xuan, standing in the sky, should assist his life in time, treat it with words and use it with strength. Choose people as yourself, not as yourself; The unfathomable love, generous and tolerant nature, light and dusty, easy to roll with the times, is a storm. Showing loyalty and treachery, Yan' an is in danger. Seeing that the hero is slightly broken inside, the heroic spirit is strong outside, Gong Sun is in a hundred days, and Meng Da is in surplus. Because the soldiers are moving, there is no plan. Then embrace the west and hold a stalemate with Zhuge. Suppress his soldiers, have no fighting spirit, and leave his daughter, just to vent their anger. When the staff is the door, ambitious, bent down, thousands of miles away, deceiving the upper and deceiving the lower. Moreover, the people of Qin and Shu are brave and timid, not enemies. Dangerous roads are different, and their work and rest are different, so their benefits are obvious. However, if we return to the closed army and establish a solid base area, we should not dare to fight again. If you are timid and have no motivation to move forward, you will still be afraid of death. If you are a good soldier, you will lose it! Emperor Wendi's world, assisted by Wing Chong, Xuchang and Xiao He Municipal Committee, worshiped China and was very Huo Guang School. Speaking of dedication, Yi Fu Koch. And Ming Di will eventually, pillar ownership, two main stay, for three dynasties, bear the burden of death, no martyrdom. It's good to kill each other when the emperor is outside and the soldiers are inside, and the land is still wet. The best way is to confuse you with yourself. Is the husband's conquest strategy wise in the east and foolish in the west? The heart of aid, why loyalty to chaos? Therefore, Jin Ming hid his face and was ashamed to deceive success; Schleswig-Holstein talked nonsense, laughed and raped and went back to settle down. The ancients said, "If you accumulate goodness for three years and know little, it will be an evil day, and everyone knows it." Not on purpose! Although I lived in seclusion, I finally met my descendants. I still steal the bell to cover my ears and ignore everyone; Committed to stealing gold, it is said that the city is invisible. Therefore, it is known that those who are greedy will be far away, and those who love profit will hurt their reputation; If you don't harm yourself and benefit others, you will harm the country and the people and benefit others and yourself. It's easy to do things according to the truth, but it's difficult to do things by moving the back. What's more, with the unsuccessful gold base, is it forced? Although I returned to Doug, I was born with virtue, but before dawn, my position was blocked. I can't compete with myself and I can't fight for it. Although I celebrated the future, I finally went to the north.

Because the History of the Three Kingdoms came from the Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou had to make Sima Yi a just party out of political needs, so Sima Yi's loyalty can't be concluded only by the History of the Three Kingdoms. The above information is for reference only, not a conclusion. Press: Chen Shou's works were written privately, and were considered more authentic than the official Shu Wei at that time. The book does not focus on the Jin Dynasty and the Sima family, nor does it praise the Sima family. Many important contents of Sima activities have not been recorded, and even some contents have been misunderstood and distorted. Chen Shou was generally recognized as an outstanding historian at that time, and outstanding people such as Zhang Hua and Du Yu praised his talent.

Historical evaluation

Fang: (1) There are few strange festivals, but he is intelligent, broad-minded, knowledgeable and obedient to Confucianism. In the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, there was always a worry about the world. (2) the emperor taboo and lenient, suspicion is more accidental. (3) There is a symbol of a wolf.

Sun Quan: Sima Gong is good at fighting. If he changes, he will persevere.

Cao Cao: Sima Yi, as a non-human minister, must anticipate your family affairs.

Yang Jun: This is an extraordinary man.

Wen Qin: Therefore, Xiang, Kuang Shi, experienced loyalty and righteousness, so Li Zuming appointed this position. Trying to save China.

Cui Yan: Smart, just broke the net.

What kind of person is Sima Yi? What are the famous sayings of Sima Yi?

Sima yi's famous words

In the early days of human society, there was such wisdom. I have to say, the wisdom of the ancients amazed me. Sima Yi has many famous sayings. Next, I will introduce it in detail.

When we have various comments on Sima Yi, it can be said that there are different opinions. Seeing Sima Yi's famous words, I have to admire his wisdom. His longevity is related to his peaceful mind and his wisdom. From his famous words, we can see his wisdom and self-confidence. He is really an extraordinary person.

There are many famous sayings about his wisdom. The following parts are translated from ancient Chinese into vernacular Chinese: 1. A gentleman should pay attention to improvisation when dealing with things. How can a stubborn and extreme attitude work? The same is true of the method of using troops on the battlefield. Not only people should be resourceful, but also the tactics of using troops should be resourceful. 2, the power of talent will inevitably bring humiliation to oneself, and the power of virtue will inevitably bring disaster; 3. The Ministry will use the army. If it doesn't fight each other, it will take a defensive approach; If you don't defend, then withdraw directly; If you don't withdraw, then choose to escape; If you don't run away at this time, you'll have to wait for death.

From these famous sayings of Sima Yi, we can realize that he is a very virtuous person and pays attention to improvisation.

Sima Yi's famous words have been passed down through the ages because even after thousands of years, the crystallization of these wisdom still applies to our time.

It can be seen from Sima Yi's famous saying that his descendants' victory over Cao Wei was only the result of the development of the situation. When he was still alive, he was fully capable of directly replacing him, but he was still worried about loyalty.

What kind of person is Sima Yi?

Madness and cunning, or too smart, all the words that can describe a person's insidious can be used on Sima Yi. So what kind of person is Sima Yi? Next, I will introduce in detail what kind of person Sima Yi is.

Sima Zhong Da occupied other people's land without moving a single soldier. He is a man who is very afraid of Cao Aman. Cao Cao dreamed that he was going to take away his country of Wei. Cao Cao tried him countless times. Because Sima Yi showed his support for Cao Cao everywhere, Cao Cao's doubts about him were gradually dispelled. Cao Cao once deliberately tempted him and let him go ahead. Cao Cao suddenly called his name behind his back. Unexpectedly, Sima Yi's head can turn 180 degrees, which is really unusual. Cao Cao described him as a wolf and never valued him.

Sima Yi should have been wronged in those years when Cao Cao was alive, but he didn't think so. The more he fails, the harder he works. Even in the worst case, he taught his children to strive for self-improvement. Sima Yi's sons are all excellent, and Zhuge Liang can't compare with them. He should be Xuan Di. His son has the ability to be king, but Zhuge Liang's son does not.

Sima Zhong Da is shrewd, thoughtful, opinionated and forbearing. He has great wisdom, but he has a long-term vision and does not judge success or failure by temporary gains and losses. You Cao Aman can dominate in troubled times, why can't I follow Sima Zhong Da's example? I believe that Sima Yi must have had such an idea, otherwise he would not be a hero. All heroes have great courage.

Sima Yi not only made meritorious military service repeatedly, but also selected talents, saved farming, and ditched wasteland, which made Cao Wei's national strength reach a higher level and laid the foundation for the reunification of China in the future.