"If you don't say enough, you can sing it." -Our ancestors in eastern Hubei loved each other and sang loudly. The folk songs they created together traveled through time and space and were handed down from generation to generation. The song reproduces the voice and smile of the ancestors in eastern Hubei, condenses their intelligence and shows the rural customs at that time. It once brought great joy to our ancestors and great surprises to us. It is a precious folk cultural and artistic heritage left by ancestors to future generations. We should cherish and inherit.
Folk songs in eastern Hubei include chant, folk songs, Tian Ge, pastoral songs, minor songs, folk songs and lantern songs. Focus on the folk songs in eastern Hubei, including folk songs, Tian Ge and pastoral songs.
folk song
There are three kinds of lyrics in folk songs: four sentences, five sentences and fish biting the tail.
Four words, such as: folk songs are easy to sing, carpenters are difficult to get on the Phoenix Tower, blacksmiths are difficult to beat iron lions, and masons are difficult to beat stone hydrangeas.
Five sentence patterns, such as: there are many things to do in the morning, first brush the stove and then wash the pot, when my husband comes back for dinner, he will shake his nest when he wakes up, and he has no time to sing folk songs. This is a unique sentence pattern in folk songs. Four sentence patterns are followed by one sentence, which breaks the symmetrical form and forms an asymmetric rhythmic aesthetic feeling. This is closely related to the energetic work and life in the wild.
A fish biting its tail is like: the sun in June is like frying, and there is a beautiful lotus outside. Brother Qing is not satisfied with it. He took it up seven miles, down eight miles and 7815 miles, took it to Lotus Pier and thoreau tree, curled up on sesame leaves and enjoyed the cool in Huolonggang, just like a weaver girl and a cow. This form of sentences is uneven in length, and the sentences are connected in a circle and connected at one breath. This sentence is like a string of fish biting its tail tightly, which is called "fish biting its tail" among the people in eastern Hubei.
There are three kinds of tunes in eastern Hubei folk songs: regular folk songs, slow folk songs and allegro folk songs. Most of the lyrics in 360 tunes are sung in folk tunes; Adagio folk songs are generally used to sing lyric lyrics. Allegro folk songs are used to express lively and enthusiastic content. Allegro folk songs in Zhudian area of Xishui are unique and full of original musical beauty.
"Folk songs were originally left by the ancients and left to future generations to solve their worries. If you don't sing for three days, your head turns white at the age of three. Remember not to lose the ancients. " This ballad tells the function and function of music in a popular way, that is, adjusting mood, dispelling bad emotions and making people feel happy and full. In history, Confucius heard Shao Le, and his voice was lingering. He didn't know the taste of March meat, so he sent out "Great, happy to teach!" Feeling, meaning is great, music education! In fact, a world without music is unimaginable. The first cry of each of us from our mother's womb is wonderful music. Followed by babbling, and innocent laughter, are all original ecological singing. In this sense, every child is a singer. However, with the growth of years, restricted by various reasons, it gradually alienated this beautiful voice. So our ancestors warned us that if we left the wonderful music for three days, we would be white-haired! Although the words are exaggerated, they are not unreasonable. Therefore, we should not throw away the songs handed down by our ancestors, but also think about what we have said.
The tone of this folk song gives people a deep and broad sense of space, as if all mountains, rivers and clouds were included in it. As long as you open your mouth and sing, people will fly to the top of the mountain. You can hear the sound echoing in the valley for a long time, through time and space, through history. It evokes some beautiful feelings in our hearts. In 2006 Huanggang Folk Song Competition, the singer who sang this song won the gold medal. People generally feel that this song gives people an indescribable and inexplicable feeling. In fact, the mystery of this song mainly lies in the spiritual dialogue between our contemporary people and our ancestors, so this feeling is a root-seeking complex from the depths of our lives.
Because the rhythm of this song is relatively free, it is difficult to sing. You can learn to sing under the guidance of a music teacher.
Tian Ge
Emei Mountain songs also include Tian Ge. Farmers have been engaged in heavy manual labor in the fields for a long time. In order to relieve the monotony and boredom of field work, refresh one's mind, relieve fatigue and anxiety, Tian Ge, such as "rice-inserting drum" and "yangko", came into being. Later, gongs and drums were added. A group of people are working in the fields, and several people are beating gongs and drums on the ridges of the fields, forming a lively and pleasant working scene. This scene gradually evolved into a collective ceremony for farmers to pray for a bumper harvest.
Su Dongpo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Notes on Zhi Lin that "when he came to Huangzhou in February and March, when he was heard by the emperor, he lived in groups and sang praises, so his words were insoluble and his sounds could not be adjusted. However, the charm custom of "singing and dancing lightly, competing before and after, like a chicken crow" vividly recorded the picture of farmers singing Tian Ge in eastern Hubei at that time.
The characteristics of Fan Qiang, Xishui and Heqiang in Luotian, eastern Hubei Province are like cock crow, with high, thin and long tones, so there is also the saying of cock crow tune. The ancient painting drama in eastern Hubei mainly developed from Tian Ge.
Tian Ge is divided into water Tian Ge and dry land songs: there are yangko, yangko, cheshui song, yangko and so on in water Tian Ge; There are songs, gongs and drums and single drums in the dry land.
Pastoral
It is not unreasonable for people in the mountains to say that folk songs are called out by cattle. On the opposite hillside, the shepherd boy on one side whistled and the shepherd boy on the other side screamed, and both sides sang together. In order for the other party to hear, the voice should be lengthened, the tone should be exaggerated, and the mood should be enlarged. In this way, intonation becomes a kind of tone. If you beautify it a little, it will become a folk tune. Because it is called out, it determines the high-pitched and distant style of the folk songs in eastern Hubei.
The lyrics of the shepherd boy's songs are 360 tones, and some of them are improvised. The content is not only the performance of men's and women's love affairs, but also the gag and mutual accusation. Mountain people like to listen to the duet of the shepherd boy, and the loud and rough songs reverberate in the mountains, making people's lives full of vitality and fun.
This cowboy duet is about asking each other about knowledge. Singing: Who planted thoreau tree in the sky, who opened the Yellow River underground, who guarded the three customs, who went to practice and never came back? On the other hand, the Empress Dowager thoreau tree planted in the sky, the Yellow River opened in Jinjiao, Yang Shousan went to practice, and Han Xiangzi never came back. In ancient times, poor children had few opportunities to study, and they could gain all kinds of knowledge by these lyrics. This is the educational auxiliary function of folk culture and art.
Bashiba line
Eighty-eight lines is an art of self-entertainment square popular in eastern Hubei. Because it is sung during the Lantern Festival, it is also called Lantern Opera or Lantern Tune. Eighty-eight lines originated in Qianlong and Jiaqing years of Qing Dynasty and prevailed in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, with a history of more than 200 years.
There are many industries on Line 88, including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, by-fishing, handicraft labor, business activities, fairy tales and so on. Because the industry is complex, it is named eighty-eight lines. The 88-line repertoire is rich, the ideological content is healthy, the melody is beautiful and the rhythm is lively; The performance is simple, natural and humorous. Whether it is language, music or performance, it has a strong local flavor and local characteristics.
In the late Qing Dynasty, political corruption was dark, people's livelihood was depressed, people were displaced, and they were not interested in singing and enjoying themselves. In addition, the organization of the 88th Line is numerous, the team is huge, and human and financial resources are difficult to cope with. In particular, the rise of semi-professional and professional lantern and drum troupe almost replaced the 88th Line, which led to the 88th Line being in the middle reaches for a time. Except Xinzhou, other counties in eastern Hubei are basically extinct.
Xinzhou has eighty-eight lines, and the repertoire is divided into two categories. One is unilateral drama, that is, one-man show; One kind is a small drama, that is, a passbook drama. There are more than 200 unilateral dramas, including selling flowers, tea, picking tea, cart, plum blossom, lotus-beating and tooth-picking insects. There are more than 65,438+050 repertoires, such as filling bowls, herding cattle, selling cotton yarn, beating tofu, beating flower drums, playing Baha 'i, playing 18 balas, and watching lights by couples. Most of the above operas are absorbed by Chu Opera, Huangmei Opera, Donglu Zi Hua Drum and other operas.
The existence of the Eighty-eight Lines in Xinzhou not only preserves an artistic variety of folk singing for us, but also leaves valuable heritage and reliable evidence for us to study and discuss the relationship between the Eighty-eight Lines and Chu Opera and the origin and evolution of Chu Opera. Xinzhou County Cultural Center excavated and sorted out nearly 100 scripts, and wrote papers such as "A Preliminary Study of Eighty-eight Lines" and "Eighty-eight Lines and Chu Opera", which did a lot of work to explore the artistic law of Eighty-eight and return Chu Opera to the people.
On June 2, 2006, 165438+ "Xinzhou Eighty-eight Lines" was included in the first batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage list officially announced by Wuhan.
Folk songs in eastern Hubei have strong folklore and inclusiveness. After continuous development, in addition to inheriting history and imparting knowledge of production and life, there are also folk songs: there are songs of laying accounts and mourning at weddings, songs of mourning at funerals, songs of beating the drums and harvesting in the Dragon Boat Festival, and songs of building a house successfully.
The folk songs in eastern Hubei were once brilliant. Helmsman, rower, singing, woodcutter, aunt, and songs. Folk songs have accompanied people through difficult years, which have inspired people's resistance and struggle. Folk songs in eastern Hubei nourished Han and Chu operas and formed Huangmei Opera. During the Agrarian Revolution, osmanthus fragrans, which was born in eastern Hubei, blossomed everywhere and became an immortal red classic.
During the Cultural Revolution, eastern Hubei folk songs were banned as "four classics", and a number of outstanding folk songs such as "360 Tunes" were dismissed as "obscene songs". The criticized folk singers were silent, and people turned pale when talking about folk songs. Later, with the popularity of movies and the influx of pop songs, the folk songs in eastern Hubei faded out of people's lives. Nowadays, the number of old people who can sing folk songs is decreasing year by year, young people are not familiar with folk songs, and folk songs in eastern Hubei are on the verge of extinction, so inheritance and development have become a top priority.
Admittedly, due to the limitations of the times, many folk songs have both refined and popular lyrics, and good and bad coexist, and some are vulgar and even feudal dross. However, it has its own distinctive characteristics, and it has integrated the fine traditions of the regional culture in eastern Hubei for thousands of years, leaving a profound historical imprint and having high historical and social value. At the same time, the cultural value of these spring-like folk songs cannot be underestimated, and it is not an exaggeration to say that they are a treasure house of literature and language arts. There is every reason to believe that people can use the local accent, villagers, villagers and nostalgia reflected and refracted by folk songs to cast wonderful local teaching materials and stimulate people's enthusiasm for loving and building their hometown.
Inheritance of Folk Songs in Eastern Hubei
Xinzhou was called Old State in ancient times and originally belonged to Huangzhou. 195 1 year, Xinzhou County was separated from Huanggang Department. 1In August, 983, Xinzhou County was placed under the jurisdiction of Wuhan City and later changed to Xinzhou District. Although Xinzhou folk songs have their own unique regional and humanistic characteristics, on the whole, Xinzhou folk songs are still a series of folk songs in eastern Hubei, and they have made great efforts to inherit it.
In recent years, the publicity and culture department of Xinzhou District has built a platform based on rich folk cultural resources, innovative carriers, and turned the folk songs in eastern Hubei into a beautiful business card for Xinzhou's opening to the outside world and a cultural brand of tourism economy.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Xinzhou County Cultural Center organized Ye, Zhang Youde and Ma to collect and sort out Xinzhou folk songs. It took three years to edit the collection of Xinzhou Folk Songs, which left us a batch of precious materials.
Liu Yanting, an old farmer, has collected more than 200 folk songs in 30 years and created more than 30 new folk songs. Years are hard and life is poor. He is infatuated and persistent in his pursuit. As a reserved track of Xinzhou folk songs, the Love Song of Daoguan River created by him has been sung in Xinzhou for five years and won the first prize of the seventh "Golden Autumn Singing" rural literature and art performance in Wuhan. In June 2008, he performed in CCTV Passion Square.
In recent years, Xinzhou folk song inheritance and creation team has been growing, and a number of cadres, workers, teachers and farmers have joined the ranks of song creation. Beautiful Yangluo Port written by the director of the Literature and History Committee of the District Political Consultative Conference, Our Xinzhou written by the director of the District Civilization Office, and Song Family of Xinzhou written by Ye, a retired cadre, praised the great achievements of Xinzhou in reform, opening up, construction and development. Zhao Jianjun, a teacher, wrote "Road" and praised the fruitful results of the new rural construction. The man written by teacher Mei Shengping praised the diligence and courage of the people in Xinzhou. A large number of Xinmin songs, such as "Ten Advise My Brother", "Shou Danlang" and "Car Ballad", also poured out.
Xinzhou's inheritance of folk songs in eastern Hubei has attracted the attention of all walks of life and provincial and municipal media. Hubei Daily, 60-year-old folk art museum of Xunshi Province in Xinzhou, Wang Song, Changjiang Daily, anti-striding Taipo are more like Taipo, Changjiang Business Daily and love songs. They have been obsessed with Hubei folk songs for 30 years, collected more than 400 songs, created water ballads by netizens in Huang Wu, and visited Xinzhou folk art and Chutian Metropolis Daily by experts from China Academy of Social Sciences.
Since 2005, Xinzhou has organized three "Double Hundred Cups" literary competitions and three "Quyi Festival", with the theme of folk songs and folk customs performances in eastern Hubei and the original songs in Xinzhou as required tracks.
Rebuild the old street flower dynasty cultural festival. Mobilize folk art teams, set up multiple booths, perform folk songs and folk programs in eastern Hubei, show regional culture in folk economic and trade activities, and fully display the cultural connotation of ancient festivals.
In June 2008, Xinzhou took the opportunity of "Construction Workers' Day" and invited CCTV to record the program "Passion Square" in Xinzhou, and rehearse songs and dances such as Love Song of Daoguan River, Home in Xinzhou and People. With the help of CCTV platform, the folk songs in eastern Hubei and the original songs in Xinzhou will be promoted to the whole country.
On June 5438+ 10, 2009, Wuhan TV recorded Wuhan, and produced an 8-episode documentary "Song of the Peasants" reflecting the work of inheriting the folk songs in eastern Hubei in Xinzhou, which was continuously broadcast on Channel 6 of Wuhan TV from June 5438+10. The film vividly records the hard course of Xinzhou people's inheritance of folk songs in eastern Hubei, and praises Xinzhou people's unremitting pursuit of promoting regional culture, which is really touching and has a very strong social impact. With the promotion of the internet and the propaganda of the media, the folk songs in eastern Hubei began to stride out of Xinzhou and Wuhan and go to the whole country.
The back waves of the Yangtze River push the front waves, and the Wan Li of the Yangtze River is long.
There is a Yangluo port on the Yangtze River.
Romantic strings on the river pop up a water town.
Gentle lakes and mountains depict a dream water town.
On a moonlit night in Wuhu, wicker grows on the shore.
The scenery of Yangluo Port is good.
Yangluo port, beautiful Yangluo port.
Yangluo Port, Yangluo Port in my heart.
That's where I let my hopes fly.
……
This is the song "Singing Red Songs" recommended by Xinzhou District to the society-"Beautiful Yangluo Port".