The main body of unemployment is workers with certain knowledge and professional skills. Knowledge unemployment may be manifested as open unemployment, that is, labor.
Motivation has the ability and willingness to work, but there is no job opportunity; It can also be manifested as hidden unemployment, such as underemployment,
Excessive consumption of talents, etc.
For the "knowledge unemployment" in developing countries, American scholar Malcolm Gillis wrote in his book Development.
There is a wonderful description in the book Economics: "India and the Philippines, two pioneering countries that expanded higher education, are out."
Now there are a large number of graduates looking for jobs, but they can't find suitable jobs ... all employment agencies in Kolkata.
The sky is crowded with bachelor of arts and bachelor of science, some study mathematics, some study English and some study physics. Some employers mainly
Looking for talents who are good at air conditioning, screen printing or piping in this institution, these employers left disappointed. exist
In this environment, college graduates eventually have to accept jobs unrelated to education. "
Whether in developed or developing countries, "knowledge unemployment" is not a strange thing. But in
At present, in China, "knowledge unemployment" is more like a paradox, so it is called "luxury of poverty" by experts.
On the one hand, the proportion of people with higher education in China is very low. The fifth time in China in 2000
According to the census data, only 36 1 1 of China's population of 654.38+million have received college education.
The educated population accounts for about 3.6% of the total population. In China, the number of scientists and engineers per million people can only be compared.
Compared with 30% in other developing countries. The lack of talents, especially senior management talents, is the need of China's economic development.
Challenges to be faced.
On the other hand, in some central cities of China, some college graduates can't find jobs.
Some time ago, when Internet companies were at a low ebb, many Internet companies closed down or laid off employees. Someone exclaimed China's.
White-collar workers have entered the era of unemployment. Of course, this statement is too exaggerated, but the "knowledge loss" in Beijing and Shenzhen.
Industry "has aroused people's attention.
According to the figures provided by the unemployment insurance department of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Labor and Social Security, as of the end of June 2006, Beijing
There are 40,200 registered unemployed people, of whom 0.210.00 million have college education or above. In addition, Shenzhen is old
According to the statistics of the unemployment department of the Dynamic Bureau, on February 3, 2000, the number of registered unemployed people with college education or above in Shenzhen was 2,869.
There are only two graduate students. By May 9, 20001year, among the registered unemployed people in cities and towns in the city, those with college education or above are unemployed.
The total number of employees increased to 3 157, accounting for 12.34% of the total number of unemployed people. These figures exclude people who don't work.
"Hidden unemployed" registered by dynamic departments.
Since it is a "luxury", China's "knowledge unemployment" means a certain degree of manpower.
Waste resources. Places in urgent need of talents, such as the western region, not only fail to attract college graduates from other provinces and cities,
Even college students who go out in the local area are usually "yellow cranes are awake", leaving only the local government "unable to recruit a son-in-law,
I can't keep my son.
Xie Kechang, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), made a sample survey of senior two students in two middle schools in Taiyuan. The results show that
100% of the students surveyed hope to be admitted to a famous university in the future, and more than half of the students surveyed mainly aim at it.
We should leave Shanxi to develop in developed areas. In fact, in recent years, undergraduate graduates from Shanxi universities studying in Beijing.
The rate of returning to work in the whole province is less than 20%, and the master students are less than 10%, and even less doctoral students. number
Foot 2%.
Too much enrollment expansion?
Many people still remember the shock brought by the expansion of college enrollment from 65438 to 0999.
1080,000 in 1998, and1060,000 in 1999, an increase of 47%.
%, the national admission rate reached 49%, and the admission rate in Zhao Gao exceeded 70%. In 2000, colleges and universities expanded their enrollment again.
The national colleges and universities plan to enroll 3 million students, which is the annual enrollment regulation of colleges and universities after the large-scale enrollment expansion of 1999.
A year of great increase in modulus.
Statistics from authoritative departments show that in 2002, the number of college graduates nationwide was 1.45 million, exceeding 2.
00 1 year increased by 300,000 people, but there was no sign of an increase in employment demand in the same period. By 2003, colleges and universities all over the country had graduated.
The number of employees will reach 210.2 million.
According to the analysis of relevant professionals, with the continuous expansion of college enrollment in recent years, especially the college entrance examination.
No longer restricted by age, the unemployment problem of highly educated people in China will become more and more prominent. Because of the expansion of colleges and universities and employment
The market capacity has not increased, so in the long run, the unemployment rate of highly educated people in China will increase 1.
An inevitable trend.
According to Shanghai media reports, many college students in Shanghai are confident because they can't stand the pressure of finding a job and are often defeated.
The heart has been hit hard, and some students are looking for a job while taking the postgraduate entrance examination. It is unbearable and they have entered the psychology one after another.
Center consultation. A student attended all the job fairs organized by the school and submitted hundreds of resumes.
I have interviewed many companies and all ended in failure. Now I am disheartened and say that I don't intend to continue looking for a job.
"There are more graduates and fewer job opportunities than last year", which is an intuitive view of the employment situation of fresh college students this year.
Feeling. "Affected by the September 1 1 incident in the United States, the global economy is in recession", "IT industry is in a trough" and "this year is a university.
Enrollment expansion in the first year of graduation has become the three most frequently mentioned reasons for the grim employment situation this year.
According to the boundary defined by the World Bank, a popular higher education is that the enrollment rate reaches 15%. India has
At this level, China's higher education is still in the "elite stage". China's goal is higher education in 2005.
The enrollment rate of academic qualifications has reached the lowest line of popularization of 15%, which means that more college students will join the club every year.
Yes, the employment situation will be more severe.
Be forced to take the postgraduate entrance examination
After repeatedly hitting a wall when looking for a job, further study has become a forced choice for many college students, so in China.
There has been a unique phenomenon that the postgraduate entrance examination fever continues to heat up.
The pressure of employment is the main reason why many college students choose to take the postgraduate entrance examination. A girl from the journalism department of Lanzhou University said
: "The postgraduate entrance examination is forced. Many students who are in graduate school believe that the sooner the talent market rises, the greater the gold content of postgraduate entrance examination.
Will be higher. "
In the second half of each year, many young college students give up their jobs and rush to Beijing from all over the country to take various exams.
After attending remedial classes, the humble houses near universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua were rented out. Under the strong demand of the postgraduate entrance examination army
The monthly rent for a one-bedroom apartment near Peking University has soared to 1800 yuan, and the demand is still in short supply.
According to Xinhua News Agency, in 2002, the number of people applying for master's degree nationwide was 624,000, which was higher than 5438+0 in 2006.
Plus 164000, it is the highest increase in the number of applicants in recent years. In 2002, the national graduate enrollment scale was 19.
65.5 million, an increase of 22.8% over 200 1. Information from the Ministry of Education shows that among the applicants, ordinary colleges and universities are fresh graduates.
The number of undergraduate graduates applying for the exam is 273,000, a net increase of 72,000 compared with 200 1. According to academic qualifications, graduated from university.
The number of applicants is 54 1 1,000, with 82,000 people with the same education, and 6.5% of the applicants are under 35 years old.
1.2 million people.
In 2002, the postgraduate entrance examination war just came out and a new round of postgraduate entrance examination began again. February 25, 2002, located in Central University of Finance and Economics.
"Wendeng School Registration Office" has gathered nearly a thousand students from all over the country. Two winding remedial classes for next year's postgraduate entrance examination
The line twists and turns to both sides, and each long line exceeds 100 meter.
Zeng Xiangquan, dean of the School of Labor and Personnel of Renmin University of China, believes that the craze for postgraduate entrance examination is first related to the current employment situation.
Close. Judging from the national situation, the overall distribution of graduates in 2002 is grim, and employment is not easy, which will naturally promote.
More people choose to apply for graduate students. Some experts also believe that the human resource management level of some units is limited at present.
It is believed that the higher the educational background of graduates, the better, which leads to the phenomenon of "educational background depreciation", which makes job seekers think that they are pregnant.
The higher the degree certificate, the better. After finishing the master's degree, you have to study for a doctor, otherwise you can't find a good job. Therefore, constantly
Someone joined the annual postgraduate entrance examination army.
The deeper purpose behind the postgraduate entrance examination is to find a better job, but if there is a good job, full-time.
Will reading still be the choice of many people? An editor of China Youth Daily made a solemn decision when he graduated from college.
After 2008, find a suitable favorite major for graduate study. A few years later, he found a suitable major that he liked.
Moreover, he was regarded as a "creative talent" by his tutor, but he dared not take the exam on the grounds that it would be cruel when I graduated.
In a competitive environment, can I return to my post in China Youth Daily?
The process of postgraduate entrance examination is also a kind of expenditure of time and money, and many candidates often need two or three years or even longer.
Can be admitted to graduate school. This is how two friends of the reporter dedicated their youth to the postgraduate entrance examination: one from 1992 to 20.
In 2000, I applied persistently for a master's degree in accounting from Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, and failed every time.
End; The other is1995-work in the first half of 2000, and review for postgraduate entrance examination in the second half, which is also every
The result of the last exam disappointed him. The tangible and intangible losses are really incalculable.
Urgent attention
After all, for ordinary people in China in the period of social transformation, unemployment with high academic qualifications is something from scratch. middle
Professor Dong Keyong, Dean of the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China, believes that unlike the high education in western countries, China's
High-education unemployment occurs when demand exceeds supply. In terms of supply, there are not many highly educated talents in China.
Yes, but it's too few. Despite the continuous expansion of enrollment, the proportion of college students aged 8-22 in China10 does not exceed 8%.
Moreover, from the perspective of the national population, the proportion of people with higher education is also small; On the other hand, from the perspective of social needs, I
With the rapid economic growth in China, the demand for highly educated talents is increasing. In this case, a high degree of education appears.
The unemployment problem should be taken seriously.
Some experts pointed out that there is a difference between the unemployment of higher education in China and the normal unemployment of higher education under the mature market economy in the west.
At the same time, at least two aspects need to be adjusted.
First, because the specialty setting in colleges and universities is not fully market-oriented, there is an error between the supply of labor quality and market demand.
A little. Professor Dong Keyong said that it is necessary to firmly believe in the role of the market mechanism and strengthen the market's guidance on specialty setting. Although now
There have been many major adjustments in colleges and universities, but they are not reasonable, and there are still human factors. Some college students go to school.
With a surplus of majors, it is naturally difficult to find a job. However, the market is not everything, and the ideal situation is to set up a professional market.
Field, the state macro-control some majors that the market can't adjust, such as some basic disciplines.
Second, the distribution of talents is uneven, and there is a dislocation between the regional supply of labor and the market demand. Professor Dong Keyong believes that
To solve the problem of uneven geographical distribution of talents, it is necessary to let some talents leave big cities and flow to areas in need.
This depends on the slow development of the market mechanism. Working in big cities and small towns requires more and more human capital investment.
After that, some people can't afford the employment costs in big cities? For example, talents such as housing and children's education will naturally flow to small cities.
Towns and underdeveloped areas, but this process will be very long.
Professor Dong Keyong said that under the condition of market economy, unemployment with high academic qualifications has gradually become a familiar content. How to deal with it?
Yes, it is also a question that needs further consideration. If "knowledge unemployment" occurs on a large scale, it will not only cause resources.
Waste, and will reduce the efficiency of social organisms.