Li De was named after being sent to China by an international communist organization. During his stay in China, Li De used many names, including Otto Braun, whose name was on his passport, Karl Waggerl, whose name was Waffle when he published an article in the Red Army, and many aliases. Li De is his China name, which means German Li.
Biography:
Li Deyu 1900 was born in Ishmanin, a suburb of Munich, Germany. His father is an accountant and his mother is a teacher. His father died young. At the age of six, Li Decai was sent to a Catholic orphanage, where he received a primary education. He is very diligent, and he has always got good grades during his studies. He also won a scholarship. By 19 13, he was admitted to a normal college in Munich. 19 18 years, World War I was in full swing. He should conquer military service and go to the front lines in Austria and Italy. At that time, he was still a private and had been at the forefront of the battle. Blood and fire make him mature quickly, but also make him conceited. After World War I, he returned to Munich, and in the same year, he got a diploma from Teachers College.
When he was a student, Li De began his revolutionary activities. 19 17 joined the youth opposition of the social democratic party. 19 19 joined the socialist youth league in April, the predecessor of the German Communist Youth League. Soon, he was elected to the Munich Committee of the Free Socialist Youth League, responsible for the student organization of middle schools.
/kloc-at the age of 0/9, he took part in the battle to defend the Bavarian Soviet Republic. In the 29-day barricade battle, he held a musket and commanded the workers' brothers to fight bloody battles with counter-revolutionary armed soldiers. His fighting experience in Austria and Italy made him perform exceptionally well in the barricade.
After the defeat of the defence war in Bavaria, he was arrested and imprisoned for three months, and was later wrongly released because of an accident. 19 19 autumn, fled to Hamburg. From 1920 to 192 1, join the Hamburg party organization. 192 1 Worked in the Military and Political Information Office of the Central Committee of the German Communist Party at the beginning of the year. In two years, he read a lot of various military treatises, and at the same time he was familiar with the biographies of Napoleon, suvorov and Caesar, but he disdained reading the biographies of eastern military strategists. So I know almost nothing about the history of the East, including local customs. After he came to China, he didn't know the history of China, let alone China farmers, which led to the failure of his command, which is not surprising to people today.
192 1 was arrested and imprisoned again at the end of the year and fell into the hands of opponents. This time, no one let him go except him.
I joined hands with the prisoners in the prison to escape together, and finally succeeded. 1924 transferred to the central government to do intelligence work, engaged in special work of anti-espionage and anti-fascist organizations.
1924, he met Olga Bernario, a young woman, and recruited her to join the Party. They formed.
However, due to their special status and work, their love is always short-lived. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/926, the husband and wife were arrested and put into Mo abbitt prison. Three months later, Olga was released and Otto Braun was imprisoned until the spring of 1928. Prison life helped him learn Russian and English. 1928 In April, with the help of his comrades-in-arms and his wife Olga, he successfully escaped from prison again. After he escaped from prison, he lived in seclusion. Later, Germany secretly sent him to the Soviet Union.
At that time, the Soviet Union had won the October Revolution, and communism played an important role in the world. This is a paradise for communists all over the world. At that time, Li De studied Bolshevik revolutionary experience and military science in the Soviet Union, and also received formal training.
By the early 1930s, the attention of the international working class and the communist movement gradually turned to China. At that time, no country was carrying out such a great mass armed movement as China, and the Communist International Organization was also supporting the revolutionary communist movement in China.
1932, the Comintern Reception Committee sent Li De to China, and the Comintern sent him to China because of Li De's unusual experience. The Comintern hoped that the China Revolution was a repeat of the Russian Revolution, and that the urban uprising was the basis for the victory of the October Revolution. Li De 1932 arrived in Harbin in the spring, then went to Dalian by train, then transferred to Shanghai by boat, and stayed at the old Astor Hotel in the autumn. About a month later, he moved into an American apartment. At that time, he couldn't speak a word of Chinese. Because he didn't know the history of China, he only saw superficial phenomena about the situation of China revolution at that time, but he was very enthusiastic. He wants to paint his ideal future on China's white paper. Through his efforts, the Comintern provided a large amount of funds and equipment to the Red Rescue Society in Shanghai at that time through the Bank of Berlin.
As soon as Li De arrived in China, he quickly showed his German work style, rigor and diligence.
He went to Beiping with Smedley's letter of introduction. Through the introduction of Smedley, he got to know edgar snow and helen snow again. Mr. and Mrs. Si Nuo were teaching in yenching university at that time. They didn't trust the conceited German at that time, and Li De didn't trust them at the same time.
By the time Li De arrived in China, the underground organization in Shanghai had collapsed under the secret attack of Chiang Kai-shek, and many members of the * * * were shot. White terror made * * * have almost no place in China at that time, only the Zhu and Mao Central Soviet areas in southern Jiangxi flourished. The leader of Shanghai Party 1933 moved from Shanghai to Ruijin, Jiangxi at the beginning of the year. Li De later went to Ruijin. During his stay in Shanghai, he waited for Manfred Stern, another senior consultant sent by international organizations. His Russian nickname is Fred.
Shanghai is the underground activity center of the Soviet Union, and the intelligence personnel of many international organizations are Germans or Americans, among which Americans are the most popular. Fred, alias Klebel, was once famous during the Spanish Civil War. Like Li De, he served in the Australian and Hungarian armies in World War I and was captured by the Russians. After joining the Bolsheviks, he took part in the Soviet Civil War and then went to the Vorontz Military Academy.
After Li De arrived in China, he realized that he supported a faction headed by Bo Gu Kailai in China, which was composed of a group of China youths who had studied in Moscow and firmly supported the Soviet line. Wang Ming is their leader. As soon as Li De arrived in China, he quickly gained the trust of pro-Soviet Bo Gu. He talked to Bo Gu and others about Caesar, Tacitus and Napoleon ... and talked about regular wars with relish. As soon as Li De arrived in China, he quickly denied Mao Zedong's guerrilla warfare. He thought that the Red Army was ripe for a regular war, so he popularized his barricade tactics, which boils down to "violent short-term assault". However, this tactic failed to effectively destroy Chiang Kai-shek's army. Instead, Chiang Kai-shek's army pushed its luck and ate the Soviet area bite by bite.
After retiring, he lived in East Berlin and died in the autumn of 1974.