Shanghai Port ranks first in the world in terms of cargo throughput and container throughput. It is an international river and sea port and has the first free trade zone in Chinese mainland-China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang together constitute the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. [4]
2021may 1 1 day, the results of the seventh national census were announced: by the end of 2020, the permanent population of Shanghai was 24,870,895.
Shanghai belonged to the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period [7]. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Yue State and Chu State successively, and was once the fief of Shen Jun and Huang Xie of Chu State, so it was nicknamed "Shen". In the Jin Dynasty, because fishermen created a fishing tool "Hu", the place where the river flowed into the sea was called "Hu", so the lower reaches of Songjiang were called "Hu", and later it was changed to "Hu", so Shanghai was called "Shanghai" for short. In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1267), he set up a town in Shanghai Puxi Bank, named "Shanghai Town". In the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1292), the central government set aside Shanghai Town from Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of the establishment of Shanghai.
Organizational system evolution
Qin and Han Dynasties and later belonged to Huiji County, Wu Jun County, Haiyan County, Youxian County and Louxian County.
In the tenth year of Tang Tianbao (75 1), the magistrate of Wu County approved the establishment of Huating County, and only then did Shanghai have a relatively independent administrative division. Huating County governs the area south of the old Wusong River and west of Chuansha-Huinan-Datuan Line in Shanghai.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Shanghai mainland belonged to Huating County and Kunshan County, and Chongming area belonged to Haimen County.
In the 10th year of Song Xining (1077), Shanghai Affairs was established.
Jiading County was established on December 9th, 10th year of Jiading in Southern Song Dynasty (12 18 1.7), and Shanghai has only two independent administrative divisions.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277), Huating County was promoted to the government, and the next year it was renamed Songjiang House, which was still under Huating County.
In the 29th year of Zhiyuan (1292), Shanghai County was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Songjiang Prefecture. Shanghai County covers an area of about 2,000 square kilometers, covering the urban area south of the old Wusong River, most of Qingpu County, most of Minhang District, most of Pudong New Area and Nanhui County.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, there were Songjiang Prefecture, Jiading Prefecture, Chongming Prefecture, Huating County and Shanghai County in Shanghai.
At the end of Ming Dynasty, there were Songjiang Prefecture and its Huating, Shanghai and Qingpu counties, and Suzhou Prefecture belonged to Jiading, Chongming and jinshanwei.
In the fourth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1726), there were eight counties, including Huating (administrative office), Lou (the same city as Huating), Shanghai, Qingpu, Fengxian, Fuquan, Jinshan, Nanhui, Jiading and Baoshan in Taicang.
In the tenth year of Jiaqing (1805), Shanghai basically formed the pattern of 10 county 1 hall, including 7 counties in Songjiang, including Huating, Shanghai, Qingpu, Lou, Fengxian, Jinshan and Nanhui, the Fumin Hall in Chuansha, and 3 counties in Taicang.
In the fifteenth year of Jiaqing (18 10), it was reduced to 600 square kilometers, and the county area was about the city south of the old Wusong River, most of Pudong New Area and most of Minhang District. County refers to the area within Renmin Road and Zhonghua Road Ring Road in the former Heather District.
In the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), Shanghai opened its port. In the twenty-five years of Daoguang, the area north of Pidgin in Shanghai County was designated as a concession, and then a British concession was formed. In the 28th year of Daoguang, Hongkou area was designated as the American Concession. In the twenty-ninth year of Daoguang, the area north of Shanghai County and south of British Concession was French Concession.
In the second year of Tongzhi (1863), the Anglo-American Concession was merged into the Anglo-American Public Concession, and in the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu (1899), it was renamed Shanghai International Public Concession. Since then, the concession has been expanded many times.
After the Opium War, Shanghai opened its ports and foreign ships sailed straight from the ocean. 1845, British colonists first demarcated the British concession in Shanghai County. 1849, French colonists also demanded the demarcation of French concession; 1863, the American concession and the British concession merged to form a public concession. At this point, Shanghai was divided into different jurisdictions, and the old gate (built in the Song Dynasty) and the new gate (built in the Qing Dynasty) to the north of Suzhou River gradually rose due to the influx of a large number of poor farmers, forming a northern city.
18 10, the Qing government promulgated the Regulations on Urban and Rural Autonomy, and the southern boundary of he cheng, Laozha, Xinzha and Jiang Jing Temple in Shanghai County is Shanghai; There are also Matsuura town, Tokyo town and 12 township.
19 12 1, the Republic of China was founded. Shanghai Songjiang Prefecture and Taicang Prefecture are subordinate to Jiangsu Province, and there are 10 counties such as Shanghai, Huating (later renamed Songjiang), Jiading, Baoshan, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Jinshan, Qingpu and Chongming.
19 14, Jiangsu Province was divided into five roads, among which Shanghai Road was located in Shanghai County, which governed Shanghai, Songjiang, Nanhui, Qingpu, Fengxian, Jinshan, Chuansha, Jiading, Baoshan, Chongming County and Haimen County of Jiangsu Province.
1921July, the first congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Shanghai, and China was formally established.
1925, Beiyang government allowed Shanghai to be changed into Songhu City. The May 30th Movement took place in the same year. 1April 927 12 A counter-revolutionary coup took place.
1926 Sun Du Jiangsu Province established Songhu Commercial Port, which was divided into Shanghai, Zhabei, Pudong, Huxi and Wusong.
After the establishment of the National Government, according to Sun Yat-sen's Great Shanghai Plan, the National Government established the Shanghai Special City in 1928, expanding the urban area to include some parts of Shanghai and Baoshan County, and establishing the 17 district, while all counties in Shanghai still belong to Jiangsu Province, and Shanghai has been separated from Shanghai County since then. The city limits to Pudong in the east, Jing 'an Temple and Xujiahui in the west, Longhua in the south and Baoshan Road in the north.
1July 7, 927, Shanghai Special City was established as a municipality directly under the Central Government, and Shanghai was established as a municipality directly under the Central Government.
1928 In the spring, Shanghai Special City declared the concession as a special zone. In July, Shanghai (Hunan), Zhabei, Songpu, Yang Jing, Yinxiang Port, Fahua, caohejing, Gaoxing, Luhang, Tangqiao, Yang Si, Baoshan County 17 towns, including Wusong, Yin Hang, Jiangwan, Peng Pu, Zhenru and Gao Qiao, were accepted as the actual territory of Shanghai Special City, with an area of 400. And change 17 city and township to 17 district, and Shanghai will start district-level construction. 10 Jiading, Baoshan, Songjiang, Chuansha, Qingpu, Nanhui, Fengxian, Jinshan and Chongming in Shanghai are still under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.
On July 1930, Shanghai Special City was renamed Shanghai.
1932, Japan provoked the December 28th Incident in Shanghai. 1in August, 937, China launched the battle of two battles in Shanghai.
1937165438+10, Shanghai fell. The following year (65438+February), Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Chongming, Baoshan, Jiading County and Puxi District of Shanghai County in Jiangsu Province were placed under the jurisdiction of Wang Puppet Shanghai Municipal Government.
On July 30th, 1943 and August 30th, 1, Wang Puppet National Government announced "recovery" of public concession and French concession. 1945165438+1On October 24th, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the National Government announced the acceptance of the Shanghai Public Concession and the Shanghai French Concession, and the 100-year-old Shanghai Concession came to an end. (Atlas data comes from Shanghai Metropolitan Atlas [8][9][ 10])
1August, 945, before the war, Shanghai was still the special zone of 17.
1947 Shanghai covers an area of 6 17.95 square kilometers.
1948 65438+In February, Shanghai was divided into 30 districts. Shanghai was liberated on May 27th. 1949.
1949 After the liberation of Shanghai in May, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government was established, which has jurisdiction over 20 districts including Huangpu, Laozha, Miao Yi, Penglai, Songshan, Luwan, Changshu, Xuhui, Changning, Putuo, Zhabei, Jing 'an, Xincheng, Jiangning, North Station, Hongkou, Sichuan North Road, Tilanqiao, Yangpu and Yulin, as well as Xincheng and Yulin. At the same time, Shanghai suburban counties will be included in the administrative office of southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu, and then under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.
1 949 65438+1October1,People's Republic of China (PRC) was established. Shanghai is still a municipality directly under the central government. Shanghai is divided into 20 urban areas and 10 suburbs.
After the administrative adjustment of 1956, the jurisdiction of Shanghai was reduced to 18, covering 15 urban areas and 3 suburbs.
1958, in order to meet the needs of urban development, the suburbs of Shanghai to which Jiangsu belongs were included in Shanghai. So far, Shanghai has jurisdiction over 14 districts, including Huangpu, Miao Yi, Penglai, Luwan, Xuhui, Changning, Putuo, Zhabei, Xincheng, Jiangning, Hongkou, Tilanqiao, Yangpu, Yulin, Pudong and Yulin.
1June, 1960, Miao Yi and Penglai were abolished, and Heather District was established, 12 District, 1 1 County.
1960 In March, Shengsi People's Commune in Zhoushan County, Zhejiang Province belonged to Shanghai.
196 1 year Shanghai governs 12 districts, 10 counties. 1962 Shengsi was once again included in Zhejiang Province.
1964, cancel Minhang District and Wusong District. Since then, Shanghai has maintained the 10 area and 10 county 10 unchanged for many years.
After the Cultural Revolution, Wusong District and Minhang District moved in two years, namely 198 1.
1988, Wusong District and Baoshan County were abolished and changed to Baoshan District.
1992, Jiading county was abolished and Jiading district was established.
In order to further reform and opening up, 1993 abolished Chuansha County, and its territory merged with the three towns of Shinan Huangpu, Yangpu, Pudong and Minhang Lin to establish Pudong New Area. In the same year, Shanghai County and Minhang District were abolished and a new Minhang District was established.
1995, Shanghai has four districts including Pudong New Area, Xuhui, Changning, Putuo, Zhabei, Hongkou, Yangpu, Huangpu, Heather, Luwan, Jing 'an, Baoshan, Minhang and Jiading, and six counties including Nanhui, Fengxian, Songjiang, Jinshan, Qingpu and Chongming./kloc It covers an area of 6,340.5 square kilometers, of which the land area is 62 18.65 square kilometers and the water area is 697 square kilometers.
At the end of the 20th century, Songjiang County, Qingpu County and Jinshan County were also changed into districts.
In 2000, Heather District was merged into Huangpu District.
200 1 1 Fengxian county and Nanhui county were removed from the county to build the district.
In 2009, in order to better develop Pudong area, rationally allocate regional economic and social resources, comprehensively optimize the overall layout, and promote the coordinated and healthy development of society, Nanhui District and Pudong New Area were abolished and a new Pudong New Area was established.
On June 8, 20 1 1, the State Council officially approved the adjustment of Shanghai's administrative divisions, and agreed to cancel the establishment of Huangpu District and Luwan District and form a new Huangpu District. [ 1 1]
2065438+05438+065438 On October 4th, 2005/kloc-0, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government announced that Jing 'an District and Zhabei District were formally merged to form a new Jing 'an District. [ 12]
On July 22nd, 20 16, Chongming County, the only county under the jurisdiction of Shanghai, was removed from the county and transformed into Chongming District, which marked that Shanghai bid farewell to the counties under its jurisdiction and the whole city has now formed a new situation of 16 municipal district.