Gorky was born in a carpenter's family in Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River on March 6th, 868. When his father died at the age of 4, he spent his childhood with his mother at his grandfather's house. 10 years old, Gorky began to make a living independently. He worked as an apprentice, porter, janitor, baker, etc. , personally experienced the suffering of the lower classes.
During this period, he studied hard and began to explore the truth of transforming society. From 65438 to 0884, he joined the populists, read the works of populists and Marx, and actively participated in revolutionary activities. From 65438 to 0905, Gorky joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. From 65438 to 0906, Gorky was entrusted by Lenin to carry out revolutionary activities in the United States from Finland, and published the novel Mother in the United States. Later he settled in Capri, Italy. 19 13 years, Gorky returned to work in proletarian cultural organizations from Italy and presided over the literary column of Pravda.
19 17 After the October Revolution, Gorky came into conflict with Lenin and the new regime with chaos, destruction, anarchy and various violent incidents. 192 1 year1October, Gorky went abroad to recuperate due to illness and differences with the Bolshevik regime. 1928, Gorky returned to the Soviet Union. Under Stalin's arrangement, he made two long-distance trips in Russia and decided to return to China to settle down.
1934 was elected chairman of the writers association. After Gorky returned to China, as a banner of Soviet cultural circles, he did a lot of work for Soviet cultural construction. However, various problems in the Soviet Union in the 1930s kept him at a certain distance from Stalin and real politics.
1June, 93618th, Gorky died at the age of 68.
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Personality influence
Nearly half a century after the writer's death, people's interest in him continued to rise. In European and American countries, Gorky fever rises from time to time. Gorky's plays, in particular, are constantly being put on the stage in various countries, or made into TV dramas and movies. In the 1960s and 1970s, At the Bottom and The Enemy were staged or broadcast in the United States, and The Enemy was regarded as "the best drama in the broadcast program" by drama critics.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, Gorky's Vasa Zhileznova was staged, and Sü ddeutsche Zeitung commented that the play "shocked the reality of West Germany with its special power to expose the entrepreneurial world". The performance of Summer Traveler has been praised by critics as a great event since the Renaissance. Gorky's plays have also been staged in France, Britain and Spain.
The influence of Gorky's creation on American progressive writers can not be ignored. In particular, the themes of "personal social vitality" (referring to the creativity of individuals to change themselves, society and nature) and "the dead enslave the living" in his creation, as well as the artistic style of dealing with such themes, have aroused their strong interest. In the depiction of "rigid philistine" in Lewis's Babbitt, we can see that there are striking similarities with Gorky's The Kingdom of Depression. In the works of Jack London and Dreiser, we can also see Gorky's influence in many aspects.
Gorky's works are full of revolutionary passion and optimism, which are deeply loved by readers in China, educating and inspiring our people to fight for eliminating the exploitation system and building a new society. Gorky's works have been introduced to China since the early 20th century. Many novels, plays and works have not only been translated into Chinese, but also edited and published into single-volume and multi-volume Gorky's works. His literary creation and literary theory had an important influence on the development of China's new literature after the May 4th Movement.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Maxim Gorky