_____________________
Stamp perforation (postage)
The perforation degree, referred to as perforation degree, is a measure of the perforation density of stamps. It is expressed by the number of teeth and holes in the length of 20 mm. For example, if there are 12 teeth and 12 holes in a length of 20 mm, the degree of perforation is 12 degrees. If there are 12 holes, 1 1 teeth, or 1 1 holes within 20mm, the tooth holes are1/2 degrees.
Some stamps have different teeth on each side, which are indicated in the clockwise direction of up, right, down and left; Stamps with triangles in the positive direction are indicated in the order of left, right and down; For inverted triangular stamps, the tooth degree is expressed in the order of left, bottom and right.
The degree of perforation used in issuing stamps in a country is basically fixed. For example, American stamps are basically punched according to the standard of11*101/,while the punching degree of China stamps is generally1/.5.
At present, the method of measuring the degree of stamp perforation was first put forward by Legras, a French stamp collector and doctor. 1866, 10 In June, he published "Study on Stamp Perforation" and designed a dental ruler to measure the perforation spacing.
The so-called single perforation means that the perforation degree of each side of the stamp is the same; Composite perforation refers to the different degree of perforation on each side of a stamp.
Wing edge refers to the wide edge of a stamp caused by the change of row spacing or the omission of hole needles, resulting in the edge line of the whole stamp or the edge line of each frame. Wings are divided into left, right, upper and lower wing countries; If the upper and lower wings are omitted, they are called high head and long tail respectively.
There is no perforation between the stamp and the bridge or the attached ticket, so that the stamps on the upper, lower or left and right sides of the bridge are blocked because there is no perforation. Stamp collectors call this bridge a broken bridge.
Philatelic circles are generally used to calling the holes within B 1 1.5 degrees as "coarse teeth" and those above 13.5 degrees as "fine teeth".
Blind teeth mean that the paper is only a little thinner or there is no trace, because the needle is out of context when threading, and the needle becomes dull or lost.
If there is a stamp with a size of 40 * 20mm, 22 teeth and 22 holes, 12 teeth 1 1 hole, the perforation degree of the stamp is DP11*1.5.
The diameter of the hole pin determines the aperture of the embossed tooth hole. At present, the hole pin diameter of the roller punch used in the continuous printing machine of seven-color printing machine in China is 0.985 mm
According to the research of philatelists, the perforation of each issue of "Dalong" stamps is D 12.5 degrees.
Among the "Little Dragon" stamps issued by the Qing Dynasty and Dai Dynasty, one has a perforation degree of 12.5, which is called "Little Dragon with Fine Teeth".
The first set of imperforated stamp issued by New China is "Mei Lanfang's Stage Art" stamp.
In order to meet the needs of stamp collectors, New China issued D5 sets of stamps.
It was the first time that Britain issued perforated stamps in the world in 1854.
1971may, Malaysia issued a circular stamp with holes all around for the first time.
Stamp perforation:
Perforation is an important feature of stamp appearance. The earliest stamps in the world had no perforations, and the stamps with perforations first appeared in Britain in 1854. The perforation of early stamps can be basically divided into two types: line teeth and hole teeth. Line teeth are subdivided into busy, arc, snake and rectangle, while round teeth and diamond teeth are different. According to the different punching equipment and procedures, there are three main punching methods: wired, comb and algebraic. After tearing, the linear perforation has four corners. Not all of them spit out a quarter, and the width of each ticket is not necessarily the same. The centers of the four squares are different from each other, and the edges of the paper are sky-high; After splitting, the four corners of the comb-shaped perforation are quarter circles, the center of the quadrangle is mostly a complete round hole, and one side of the edge paper extends to the sky. Algebraic, that is, the chessboard is punched, and the whole stamp is punched at one time. The four corners after splitting are all quarter circles, and each ticket is the same. The center of the quadrilateral must be a complete round hole, and none of the four sides of the edge paper extend to the sky. At present, most stamps in China are punched for this purpose. According to the appearance effect of punching, it can be divided into three types: cracked teeth, coarse teeth and blind teeth. Tooth gloss: the round paper does not fall off completely after punching, and the tooth holes are smooth after tearing; Tooth roughness: after punching, the round paper did not fall off completely, and the tooth hole was rough after splitting; Blind teeth; After punching, only a circular indentation was made. After tearing, no scraps of paper fell off and no perforation occurred. In addition, there are missing teeth, which are caused by missing holes, which are common in online drilling and belong to variants.
Irregular perforation;
Special-shaped perforation means that the perforation punched on the stamp is not a circular perforation. Special-shaped tooth holes include rectangular tooth holes, rhombic tooth holes or square tooth holes, and transverse straight special-shaped tooth holes with needle-shaped tooth holes.