Wu Zetian (624-705,65438+16 February), whose real name was Xie and later renamed Qi, was born in Wenshui, Wenzhou (now East of Wenshui County, Shanxi Province). The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China (reigned from 690 to 705) is also one of the oldest (acceded to the throne at the age of 67) and one of the longest-lived emperors (82). Together with Lv Hou, she was called "Lv Wu" in the Han Dynasty.
Wu Zetian is the second daughter of Wu Shihuo, the secretariat of Jingzhou. He entered the harem at the age of fourteen and was a talented person of Emperor Taizong. He was named "Wu Mei". Tang Gaozong was named Zhao Yi, then the queen, and was honored as the "queen of heaven", and was also called "double saint" with Emperor Gaozong. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, he became the empress dowager of Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong.
In the first year of God's Grant (690), Wu Zetian became emperor on her own, announced the change of Tang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty, made Luoyang its capital, called it the "God Capital" and established Wu Zhou. Before and after the reign of Wu Zetian, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty was killed and "cruel officialdom politics" rose. However, she is "observant and good at judging", and she has great power and can use people, so she makes talents come forth in large numbers. We also rewarded agriculture and mulberry, reformed official management, and attached importance to selecting talents. In his later years, he gradually became arrogant and extravagant, and he acted arbitrarily, with many disadvantages.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi launched the "Shenlong Revolution" to support the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and forced him to abdicate. After the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongzong was honored as the "Emperor of Heaven". In the same year 1 1 month, Wu Zetian died in shangyang palace at the age of 82. In accordance with his last wish, Zhongzong changed his name to "Zetian Tiansheng Queen" and was buried in Ganling as a queen. Later, she became the "Tianshun Saint Queen".
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Wu Zetian is the second daughter of Wu Shihuo, the founder of the Tang Dynasty. Her mother's name is Yang (born in the royal family of Sui Dynasty, and her father is the younger brother of King Sui and Duke Ning Sui), and her ancestral home is in Wenshui County, Bingzhou (now a native of Beixu Village, Wenshui County, Shanxi Province). Wu Zetian was born in Lizhou (now Guangyuan, Sichuan) and Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) in the seventh year of Wude (624). There are two half-brothers, Wu and Wu, and two half-sisters. One is Wu Shun, a Korean wife (Wu Shun is called a sister in history books and a sister in Wu Shun's epitaph), and the other is Mrs. Guo.
Wu Shihuo is engaged in timber trade, and his family is well-off. At the end of the great cause, when Li Yuan (Tang Gaozu) was working in Hedong and Taiyuan, he met the Wu family for many times. After Li Yuan rose up against the Sui Dynasty in Taiyuan, the Wu family once supported money and had no worries about food and clothing. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Shihuo, as a "hero of the Yuan Dynasty", was appointed as the minister of the Ministry of Industry and the secretariat of Jingzhou. Therefore, Bai Shouyi thought in "A General History of China" that "according to the rank of samurai, they should belong to the new senior cremation. Therefore, Wu Zetian was not born in a family of landlords and bureaucrats among ordinary people, but in a family of gentry bureaucrats whose landlords and bureaucrats rose among ordinary people.
After Wu Shihuo died in the ninth year of Zhenguan (635), Wu Zetian was only twelve years old. Her cousins, Wu Huaiyun and Wu are rude to their mother Yang. Soon, Wu Zetian moved back to Chang 'an from Jingzhou with her mother.
2. Mulan (ancient national heroine)
Hua Mulan (4 12 -502), whose deeds have been passed down to this day, is a heroine in ancient China, loyal and filial, and passed down through the ages on behalf of her father who defeated the invading nation in the army. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty named her "General Filial Piety".
The spread of Mulan story should be attributed to the folk song Mulan Ci, but the surname and native place of Mulan are not recorded in the history books.
Hua Mulan's deeds are shown in many literary works, such as movies, TV dramas, song and dance Henan operas, etc.
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Historical background
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, nomadic people in the north constantly harassed the south, and the Northern Wei regime stipulated that each family should send a man to the front. However, Mulan's father was too old and sickly to go to war, and her younger brother was still young, so Mulan decided to join the army instead of her father and began her military life for more than ten years. Going to the border to fight is a hard job for many men, and Mulan has to hide her identity and kill the enemy with her friends, which is even more difficult than ordinary people who join the army! Fortunately, Mulan finally fulfilled her mission and returned home in triumph decades later. Because of her great contribution, the emperor pardoned her for cheating the monarch, and at the same time believed that she was capable of serving in the court and holding an official position. However, Mulan refused because she had an old father to take care of at home, and asked the emperor to let her go back to China to make compensation and honor her parents.
For thousands of years, Mulan has always been a respected woman in China, because she is brave and simple. 1998, American Disney Company adapted Mulan's story into an animated cartoon, which was welcomed all over the world.
Mulan Poetry has been included in middle school textbooks and sung by thousands of people in Qian Qian for several generations. Mulan's deeds and image have been put on the stage and will be immortal. Her spirit has inspired thousands of Chinese sons and daughters to defend their country, which is touching.
3. Li Qingzhao (poetess of Song Dynasty)
Li Qingzhao (1March 084 13— about 1 155), Yi nationality, Han nationality, was born in Jinan, Jizhou (now Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province). A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained ci school, was known as "the first talented woman in the ages".
Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. Her father Li has a rich collection of books, and she has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words.
There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today.
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family background
Li Qingzhao was born in a family of literary scholars. Father Li is a native of Jinan, a scholar, a protege of Su Shi, an official and a minister of rites. He has a rich collection of books and is good at literature and ci works. There is a stone tablet carved on the south of the north wall of Dongzhai of Qufu Confucius Temple, which reads: "Give a certain punishment, learn from Li, worship Ning (1 102) on the 28th day of the first month, lead a brown, cross the river, meet, March far away and worship the forest." My mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar, and she is very cultured.
4. Soong Ching Ling? (politician, social activist)
Soong Ching Ling (189365438+1October 27th-19865438+May 29th), a great fighter of patriotism, democracy, internationalism and communism, was a world-famous great woman in the 20th century. When she was young, she followed Sun Yat-sen and joined the revolution. In her revolutionary career of nearly 70 years, she was indomitable, determined and fought bravely. She has always stood firmly with the people of China and China, and worked hard for the liberation of the people of China, the medical care and cultural and educational welfare of women and children, the great cause of the reunification of the motherland, the defense of world peace and the promotion of human progress.
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The life of the character
Soong Ching Ling1893 65438+1October 27th, Soong Ching Ling was born in a family of priests and industrialists in Shanghai. As a friend and comrade of Sun Yat-sen, her father was her first teacher. Soong Ching Ling entered Shanghai Chinese and Western Girls' School at the age of 7, and went to study in the United States with her sister Song Meiling at the age of 1907 and 15. First, I studied English in a private school in Schmidt, New Jersey, and the next year I was admitted to the Literature Department of Westrian Women's College in Macon, Georgia. Soong Ching Ling is smart, studious and positive, and often participates in school activities. Hearing the news of the victory of the Revolution of 1911, I warmly cheered that the Revolution of 1911 was "the greatest event of the 20th century".
19 13, graduated from Soong Ching Ling University with a bachelor of arts. She resolutely returned to China with patriotic enthusiasm and the ideal of rejuvenating China, and devoted herself to the democratic revolutionary struggle of "seeking freedom and equality in China".
On my way back to China, I passed by Japan and visited Dr. Sun Yat-sen, whom she had admired for a long time. Later, she served as Sun Yat-sen's secretary and established deep friendship and affection in the common revolutionary struggle. Despite the opposition of her family, she managed to return to Japan from Shanghai and married Sun Yat-sen in Tokyo, Japan on June 25th, 2005. She is indifferent to fame and fortune, rich and powerful, and willing to share the suffering of exile for Sun Yat-sen. She actively participated in and supported the democratic revolution in China led by Sun Yat-sen.
When she was a teenager, she was born in a foreign country and received "European education" and democratic baptism in the United States. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the autocratic rule of the Qing Dynasty and made her look forward to the independence, freedom, democracy and prosperity of the motherland. Letters and newspaper clippings sent by her father set up a bridge in her heart for the revolutionary cause led by Sun Yat-sen.. However, the Republic was strangled in the cradle, the revolutionary wave has subsided, and Soong Ching Ling's ambition of returning to China to reform and build the motherland could not be put into practice. She went straight to Tokyo, where exiled revolutionaries were concentrated, and soon became Sun Yat-sen's assistant, starting her 70-year revolutionary career.
5. Bing Xin (a famous modern writer in China)
Bing Xin (19001010.5-1999.2.28), female, originally named Xie Wanying, from Changle, Fujian, is a member of China Association for Promoting Democracy. China poet, modern writer, translator, children's literature writer, social activist and essayist. The pen name Bing Xin is taken from There is a Bing Xin in the Jade Pot.
In the morning post of August 19 19, Bing Xin published her first essay "Hearing Feelings on 2 1 Day" and her first novel "Two Houses". 1923 Before and after studying abroad, he began to publish a series of communication essays with the general title "To Young Readers", which became the foundation work of children's literature in China. In Japan, she was hired by Tokyo University as the first foreign female lecturer to teach the course "China New Literature". 195 1 returned to China.
1February 28th, 999 At 2 1 p.m., Bing Xin died in Beijing Hospital at the age of 99, and was known as the "old man of the century".
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Creative characteristics
When Bing Xin portrays characters, most of them don't need strong colors or elaborate carving, and only use the brushwork of sketching and lightly counting strokes. Characters are like hibiscus out of water, emerging from the water. Sister June 1st, Girl Dong Er and Little Orange Lantern respectively created the images of girls in three different eras. Bing Xin created a series of ideal and perfect images of young women in her novels. Most of them are kind-hearted, gentle and beautiful, lively and generous, steady and dignified. They are full of youthful vitality and win the dignity of women with wisdom and talent; Get men's respect for their brilliant achievements in their careers. In addition, there are a series of young people who love the motherland, kind and gentle great mothers, reasonable grandmothers, learned and interesting old professors and other images, showing warmth.