1 Knowledge of learning, observing and identifying macro anomalies before earthquakes. Use this knowledge to help you seize the opportunity of shock absorption. Look for hidden dangers that may cause damage or injury to houses during earthquakes. Such as furniture dumping, items falling and hurting people; Flammable and explosive products are easy to cause fire and injury; The seismic capacity of the building is the focus of the inspection, and the degree of possible damage caused by the earthquake is estimated. In view of the parts that may cause disasters during the above earthquakes, we will formulate solutions to eliminate hidden dangers that are not conducive to earthquake prevention, and formulate emergency measures for earthquake prevention according to the requirements of the government and relevant departments, including: earthquake prevention methods, whether to evacuate and how to evacuate, indoor or outdoor earthquake prevention, family reunion after the earthquake, etc. 2. Understand the housing environment. The so-called housing environment refers to whether there are buildings (structures) around your house that are easy to collapse, or whether your house is located on the shore, cliff or unstable slope, because these places are prone to secondary disasters such as landslides, mudslides and rolling stones during earthquakes. Houses under tall buildings, tall chimneys, water towers and large billboards are easily crushed by collapsed buildings during earthquakes; Houses under high-voltage transmission lines, transformers and other dangerous objects are easy to short-circuit during earthquakes, and the wires break and fall to the ground, which is easy to cause fires; In the vicinity of dangerous goods production factories or warehouses, electrical appliances are prone to short circuit during earthquakes, and wires break and fall to the ground, which is easy to cause fires; Near the dangerous goods production factory or warehouse, it is easy to cause explosion or toxic gas leakage during the earthquake. Under steep cliffs, unstable slopes, gullies where mudslides occur, and unstable rivers and lakes are all dangerous areas. The above-mentioned housing environment, even if its own housing quality is good, will be destroyed by the surrounding environment, which should be paid attention to. 3. Building collapse is the main cause of casualties. Therefore, it is very important to check the seismic performance of buildings before the earthquake and carry out necessary reinforcement. The seismic performance of buildings is mainly judged from the following aspects: site and foundation. Solid, uniform, open and flat bedrock is beneficial to earthquake resistance. Soft, silt, artificial fill, ancient rivers, old ponds and other foundations are easy to deform. Towering hillsides, steep hillsides and half-dug and half-filled foundations are not conducive to earthquake resistance. Architectural structure. Simple shape, regularity, symmetry, strong integrity and low center of gravity, which is beneficial to earthquake resistance; On the contrary, it is easy to be damaged or collapsed in an earthquake. The quality of the house and the degree of old and new damage, the load-bearing wall is the skeleton of the whole house, so it is important to check whether the "skeleton" is firm, whether there are cracks, looseness and inclination, and whether the wooden columns are corroded and moth-eaten. Inferior earth walls, pebble walls and rubble walls are common in rural areas of Sichuan, because the walls are thick, the foundation treatment is simple, inclined and cracked. Due to years of disrepair, the wall near the ground has been in a humid environment for a long time, and the foot of the wall has fallen off seriously, which has poor seismic performance. Generally, the earthquake damage of magnitude 5 or so will be more serious. According to the house inspection, you can use tie rods, add columns or walls to the wall, repair and replace corroded columns, and add nails, padding and diagonal braces to enhance the stability of the roof and the firmness of the connection between the roof and the wall. Chimneys, high doors, parapets, balconies, awnings, high-back tiles, etc. The roof is the weakest part. Those that are of little use can be removed, and the height should be reinforced or reduced if necessary. 4. During the earthquake, due to violent bumps and shaking, indoor furniture and articles fell, causing casualties. Therefore, attention should be paid to the reasonable, safe and shockproof layout of indoor furniture, which is conducive to personnel evacuation or shock absorption. Remove or fix the items hanging on the roof and wall firmly so that they will not fall over; Don't pile heavy objects on the top of furniture; Stick shockproof tape on the glass door and window. The position of the bed should avoid external walls, windows and beams, and choose solid indoor walls for placement; Above the bed, do not hang heavy objects such as metal and glass products; Bed, desk and other solid low furniture, there is a good damping space. Don't pile up sundries. Keep dangerous goods at home, including: inflammable goods (kerosene, gasoline, alcohol, paint, etc. ), explosives (gas tanks, oxygen bags, oxygen bottles, etc. ), and drugs (pesticides, insecticides, etc. ). These articles are very likely to cause secondary earthquake disasters, so they should be properly kept and necessary shockproof articles should be prepared to prevent collision, breakage, overturning, leakage, burning and explosion. After the earthquake, the living environment was seriously affected. Every family should prepare some necessary daily necessities to meet the emergency needs after the earthquake, including: water, food, clothes, blankets, plastic sheets, medicines, flashlights, dry batteries and so on. And put these things in a "family emergency kit" or a light suitcase. Personal necessities: flashlight, clothes, plastic tableware, drinking water, etc. , are concentrated in the emergency kit for personal use. 5. To avoid danger in an earthquake, many things need to be done in a short time and under difficult conditions, including danger avoidance, evacuation and communication. Through drills, the family's earthquake-proof ability can be well tested and improved. One-minute emergency avoidance. Suppose there is a sudden earthquake, how to prevent earthquakes at home? What was the whole family doing when the earthquake happened? Earthquake intensity can be set as destructive earthquake. Is it indoor or outdoor? According to everyone's normal living environment, determine the location and mode of shock absorption. After the exercise, calculate the time, whether it meets the time requirements of emergency shock absorption, sum up experience, and modify the action plan before doing the exercise. Emergency evacuation after the earthquake. Suppose that after the earthquake stops, how to evacuate from home to a safe place, bring an emergency bag when evacuating, and young people are responsible for taking care of the elderly and children, paying attention to turning off water, electricity, gas and fire fighting. Emergency rescue drill. Master the knowledge of wound disinfection, hemostasis and dressing, learn first aid techniques such as artificial respiration, understand the fixation of injured limbs such as fractures, and transport and nursing methods for some special wounded.