Yixin was born in183365438+1October 1 1 (13th year of Daoguang).
The young heart and mother Xiao Jing became queens.
A.D. 1837 (the 17th year of Daoguang), he entered the study room, studied under Zhuo Tianbing and Jia Zhen since childhood, was smart and studious, and was closely related to the Four Emperors. Homework for Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese three languages, Confucian classics, poetry, martial arts riding and shooting.
When Daoguang opened a shop, he hesitated between his four sons Yiyi and his six sons Yixin. However, in the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang, he made up his mind to be succeeded by the Emperor's four sons, and wrote down the testamentary edict. In the twenty-ninth year of Daoguang, he ordered the tomb of Jing Guifei, the mother of King Gong, to be built in the imperial concubine's bedroom, and personally ordered Jing Guifei to be buried in the imperial concubine's bedroom after her death, which could not be changed, implying in a disguised form that Gong Wang had failed to compete for storage.
On the 14th day of the first month in A.D. 1850 (the 30th year of Daoguang), Daoguang summoned ten ministers and opened a brocade box, which contained two letters, one was "making the four sons of the emperor crown prince" and the other was "making the six sons of the emperor crown prince with heart". In A.D. 1848 (the 28th year of Daoguang), Yi believed in the orders of Daoguang Emperor and married the daughter of Gui Liang, the capital of Jehol, as Di Fujin. This is often considered as Daoguang's choice to respect the king. In fact, this refers to the marriage after Daoguang made up his mind to write down the testamentary edict, which can only be regarded as compensation for Wang Gong at most. Besides, Wang Gong Fujin is not Gui Liang's beloved daughter, but just one of the concubines from the side room.
Changes of official life
In April of A.D. 185 1 year (the first year of Xianfeng), Emperor Xianfeng conferred Yixin as fifteen ministers.
In April of A.D. 1852 (the second year of Xianfeng), Emperor Xianfeng gave the old palace in Jun Qing to Yixin for living. This mansion was originally the residence of Xiao Shenyang, a great scholar during the Qianlong period. On August 15, Emperor Xianfeng visited the "Longrun Garden" in Yixin Haidian Villa, inscribed the name of the garden, the name of the mountain, the name of the water, the name of the pavilion and the name of the porch, and presented a poem to show his great concern. Yixin has a poem to answer. It is the month, and the order is to manage the affairs of the Jueluo Sect in Zhenglan Banner.
In the first month of AD 1853 (the third year of Xianfeng), he was ordered to manage the affairs of Zhongzheng Hall and Wuying Hall. On September 9, Yixin was appointed as the acting guard and participated in the tour of Beijing. On the seventh day of October, he was ordered to work in the Ministry of War, thus breaking the ancestral system that the Qing emperors were not allowed to interfere in government affairs.
On the second day of February in the year of 1854 (the fourth year of Xianfeng), the eldest girl was born in Guaer's home in Defujin. In the same month, he was ordered to send another team to manage the affairs of Sancang, and awarded the Mongolian commander-in-chief a red flag. In April, the imperial edict granted Zong Zheng the right. In June, he was ordered to adjust the yellow flag of the Han army. In September, a letter to the ZongRenFu. He was also appointed minister of military parade and transferred to Zhenghuangqi, the capital of Manchukuo.
In A.D. 1855 (the fifth year of Xianfeng), the Prime Minister was ordered to do business. In February, I was ordered to wear a yellow jacket. On the first day of July, his mother, Empress Cheng Jing (that is, Princess Jing), was seriously ill. With one heart, he asked Xianfeng Emperor to be crowned as the Queen Mother, but Xianfeng Emperor vaguely promised, and he immediately sent a decree to canonize, which made Xianfeng Emperor dissatisfied. On the 21st, the day after the birth mother, Queen Kangci, was buried, she was ordered to remove all her posts, go back to school, and still let the imperial palace walk and manage the affairs of the main hall.
In May of A.D. 1857 (the seventh year of Xianfeng), he was ordered to award the red flag-inlaid Mongolian viceroy; He also ordered the use of red flags to manage the affairs of new and old barracks.
On April 25th, A.D. 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng), Emperor Xianfeng was opposed to sending elders to Tianjin for peace talks. It is advocated that Tianjin negotiations should not blindly show weakness, and that the Coalition forces should make a "brave attack" if they dare to land; It is suggested that the Guangdong gentry Luo be ordered to encourage the township soldiers to attack Guangzhou and Lian Zhaolun to attack Hong Kong. On the fifth day of May, he was ordered to deal with the veteran who returned to Beijing without authorization with the county king and the minister of military aircraft, Prince Hui. 13, single name fold, against the imperial envoy Gui Liang and Huashan, Britain and France on the opening of the Yangtze River port treaty terms; Reaffirm the discussion of promoting peace through war. In the same month, he was ordered to manage the affairs of the Lama Temple, and was also ordered to supplement the military parade minister. On the fourth day of August, the eldest son was given a name by Emperor Xianfeng.
In April of A.D. 1859 (the ninth year of Xianfeng), he was appointed Minister of the Interior (the second chief of the Guard Department). /kloc-in October/February, he was appointed Minister of Banquet Management.
1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), British and French allied forces attacked Beijing, and Emperor Xianfeng fled to Chengde. Yi Xin was appointed Minister of Peace. On September 5th/kloc-0 and 6th/kloc-0, Yixin and the British and French ambassadors signed the Sino-British Beijing Treaty and the Sino-French Beijing Treaty respectively, which saved the fate of the Qing Dynasty. He presided over the peace talks and did a lot of aftermath work, which won the favor of the west and created conditions for his future diplomatic activities. During the negotiation, he won over Wen Xiang (Assistant Minister of Finance), Gui Liang (Bachelor of Wenhua Hall), Bao Yan (Minister of Interior Affairs) and Sheng Bao (Deputy Commander-in-Chief) to form a new political group. This is the political capital he gained peacefully through negotiations.
The prince discussed politics.
On the first day of December in A.D. 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), Yi Xin, Wen Xiang and Gui Liang published the Six Articles of Association for Coordinating Diplomacy, and analyzed the characteristics of the great powers. They believed that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Nian Army were the pain of the heart, and Britain and Russia were the pain of the body, so they should worry about themselves first, and then deal with Russia and Britain. This flattery strategy laid a theoretical foundation for later borrowing teachers to help suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. According to his observation, he thinks that foreigners are not "dogs and sheep of the same sex", and Britain "is not good for the people on our land, but it can still win people's trust." The Qing government only regarded the great powers as "physical sufferings" and thought that "faith and justice can be used to win them over". Passbook also proposed to set up an office of the Prime Minister to be responsible for state affairs; The establishment of the north and south port management minister; Increase tariffs; Require generals and governors to take care of each other when dealing with external events and avoid ambiguity; Ask Guangdong and Shanghai to send two people who know foreign languages to Beijing to ask; Collect business information and newspapers from all countries in the Prime Minister's office. 1February 10, the prime minister's office was established, and another central government agency outside the military department appeared. Since then, the Prime Minister's yamen has replaced the courtyard and become a specialized foreign affairs agency, which has made a major breakthrough in the diplomacy of the Qing Dynasty. Yamen also led the later Westernization Movement.
After the death of Emperor Xianfeng, Yixin became a powerful figure. Assisting the coup of Empress Dowager Cixi, he was named the king of deliberation and served as the minister of industry in the Ministry of War. Emperor Xianfeng authorized Prince Gong to handle the imperial edict of exchanging contracts with other countries. Since the first year of Tongzhi, Yin Mu, Kuangyuan, Du Han and Jiao Youying, the military ministers, were dismissed, and Wen Xiang and others took over, holding the central power. He is also the minister in charge of the internal affairs, so he controls the royal affairs and court affairs. As the king, he was in charge of the foreign affairs of the dynasty and was the government office of the prime minister's state affairs. Since then, he has been in charge of the internal affairs and diplomacy of the Qing Dynasty.
Westernization Movement
65438+In the 1960s and 1990s of 2009, in order to demand wealth and enhance the ability to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and resist foreign aggression, Yixin supported Zeng Guofan, Zuo, Li Hongzhang and others to engage in the Westernization Movement, focusing on establishing military industry and private industry, and modern industry started from then on. For the sake of westernization, setting up new schools and sending overseas students promoted the development of modern education. Yi Xin invited the Empress Dowager of the two palaces to reuse Zeng Guofan, tried his best to keep even with the great powers, borrowed teachers to help suppress it, finally pacified the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and gained the reputation of "Wang Xian".
Yixin flatters foreigners and is close to big countries. He is the leader of the Westernization School. But it was despised by the Qing school and called "Ghost Six".
He wholeheartedly supported Zeng Guofan and others to do westernization, but he also advocated weakening local forces, which caused dissatisfaction among Hunan and Huai forces. Yixin did westernization, and the die-hards such as Japanese Injong in the Qing court were dissatisfied; Because Yi Xin's power was limited, he could not meet the demands of the powers, and the powers began to be dissatisfied with him.
Empress Dowager Cixi used Yixin and gave her great power. However, with the promotion of single-minded status and fame, Prince Gong's single-mindedness aroused the anxiety of Empress Dowager Cixi. So Empress Dowager Cixi took every opportunity to attack him, keeping Yixin floating and calm.
After several ups and downs
On the fifth day of March in A.D. 1865 (the fourth year of Tongzhi), the editor Cai Shouqi impeached Yi Xin, saying that he was corrupt and arrogant, and the Queen Mother ordered him to investigate. On the seventh day, he was relieved of all other duties. The minister of the DPRK pleaded with him, and Empress Dowager Cixi allowed him to walk in the imperial palace and manage the government of the prime minister's country, but he was relieved of his position as the deliberative king. This is Yixin's first blow.
A.D. 1869 (eight years of Tongzhi), who wholeheartedly supported the killing of An Dehai, the confidant of Empress Dowager Cixi, was hated by Empress Dowager Cixi.
On the third day of February in A.D. 1872 (11th year of Tongzhi), he was ordered to handle the preparations for the wedding of Emperor Tongzhi and Bao Yun, a senior minister of the Ministry of Finance. On September 19, Prince Garn was replaced by the imperial edict.
1872 Prince Gong is single-minded
On July 18th, A.D. 1874 (13th year of Tongzhi), ten ministers, including Yi Xin, advised the Tongzhi emperor not to build the Yuanmingyuan. The Tongzhi emperor was furious and denounced Yi Xin: "What about you?" On the 29th, Emperor Tongzhi was remonstrated. Emperor Tongzhi released Zhu Yu to change his prince into the county king, and he was still a minister of military aircraft. He was released the next day. On the first day of August, the Empress Dowager of the two palaces stepped in and gave the prince a hereditary gift.
In December of A.D. 1875 (the first year of Guangxu), the imperial edict served as the decree of Zongren House.
In February of A.D. 1876 (the second year of Guangxu), the imperial edict temporarily sealed the key in the treasury of Zongrenfu. In September, I was appointed President of Jade Butterfly View.
1879 (the fifth year of Guangxu) In early April, I met with former US President Grant and asked him to mediate the Ryukyu dispute between China and Japan. In September, he was ordered to manage the old and new barracks in Manchuria, Zhengbaiqi and official business in the city.
On March 25th, A.D. 1880 (the sixth year of Guangxu reign), he said to visiting British Minister Aligo: "China people know nothing about the benefits of telegraph, railway, ship and mining, but their sovereignty cannot be exercised by themselves, which is of no benefit to China, although there is nothing."
In March of A.D. 188 1 year (the seventh year of Guangxu), Empress Ci 'an died, and Yixin became more isolated. Repeated ups and downs have smoothed the edges and corners of Yixin's past and dampened his spirit. He can't think of any strategies to deal with major events. During the Sino-French War, the military department headed by Yixin hesitated about war and peace, and the army was losing ground.
On March 1884 (10th year of Guangxu) 13, Empress Dowager Cixi was relieved of all posts of Yixin Group, and the whole class of Yixin Group (Li Hongzao, official minister of Wuyingdian, Jing Lian, official minister of Ministry of War, Weng Tonghe, official minister of Ministry of Industry) were expelled from the military and the Prime Minister's Office.
In October of A.D. 1886 (12th year of Guangxu), the imperial edict awarded him double salary.
In the first month of A.D. 1889 (15th year of Guangxu), according to the imperial edict, first-class and second-class guards were awarded 1 name each, and two third-class guards were awarded.
189 1 year (the 17th year of Guangxu), celebrated his 60th birthday in the palace and invited famous troupes from Beijing and the whole country to perform.
A.D. 1894 (20th year of Guangxu), he was appointed as the Prime Minister's yamen minister and Prime Minister's Navy. He can run military affairs and walk in the palace, but he has accomplished nothing.
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Stone memorial archway of Prince Gong's tomb
In October of A.D. 1897 (the 23rd year of Guangxu), Prince Gong held a "considerate" birthday ceremony for Chen, and awarded the imperial book "Xifu Xuanyi" plaque and the imperial book "Shoushu".
A.D. 1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu), Yixin died of illness on April 10th. At the age of 66. Stone "loyalty", grace into the hall of virtue, incorporated into the royal ancestral temple. His grandson Puwei attacked Prince Gong.