Fusang, also known as Fusang, Zhu Jin and Honghua, belongs to Malvaceae and Hibiscus.
[Morphological characteristics]
Fusang is an evergreen shrub with erect stems, many branches and a nearly round crown. The dry skin is gray, the surface is rough, the leaves are alternate, the leaves are wide and oval, the edges are serrated and notched, the base is nearly entire, and the flowers are extremely large, which are solitary in the upper leaf axils and can be divided into single petals and double petals; The single flower is funnel-shaped, mostly rose red, with a diameter of 10 cm, and the stamen tube and stigma are outside the corolla. For double petals, the corolla of double petals is not funnel-shaped, but red, yellow and pink, and the stamens and stigmas do not protrude outside the crown. The flowering period is very long, from June to early winter, especially in summer and autumn. Capsule oval, smooth and beaked. Potted plants do not bear fruit. (See Figure 2-8)
[Habitual]
Originally from China, it is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Born in sparse forests in mountainous areas, it is easy to grow, with strong resistance, few pests and diseases. It likes warm and humid climate, is not cold-resistant, and requires sufficient sunshine. It grows well in areas where the average temperature is higher than 10℃. Like light, not tolerant of shade, suitable for growing in slightly acidic soil with rich organic matter and pH value of 6.5-7. The south is planted as a hedge, and the greenhouse in the north of the Yangtze River basin is potted.
[Cultivation techniques]
Propagation: Generally, cutting is the main method, and other methods are rarely used.
The survival rate of cuttings in spring is higher than that in autumn, and the survival rate of ground cuttings is higher than that of potted cuttings, and the speed is fast. Generally, flowers can bloom in one year. Generally, two-year-old strong branches should be selected, or semi-lignified strong branches of the same year should be used. It is best to cut the middle part of the lateral branches into cuttings about 15 cm long, with 5-7 knots. The inserted bed soil is made of coarse sand or silica with good drainage and strong air permeability. After disinfection, put it under the bed with a thickness of about 15-20 cm. The lower blades of cuttings should be leveled with a sharp knife and cut off in time, with a depth of 1/2. Immediately after insertion, water 1 time, cover with plastic film, keep proper temperature and humidity, make it moist but not moist, and have good drainage and ventilation. Later, gradually exposed to the sun, keeping the temperature of 18-25℃ and the relative humidity of 70%-80%, it usually takes 20 days to take root, and 1 month can be put into the pot.
Management: Hibiscus seedlings should be planted in sunny, fertile and loose soil with good drainage. Don't be too big for potted plants. Generally, clay pots with a diameter of 1.5 cm should be used, and the soil should be released year by year. Pots should be sandy loam rich in organic matter and mixed with 65,438+0% decomposed cake fertilizer or dry manure. For newly planted seedlings, the soil should be compacted and watered, shaded for a few days first, and then moved to the sunny place for cultivation, which is conducive to survival. Usually pay attention to moderate watering, which will affect flowering. When it is hot in summer, water it in the morning and evening, and spray water on the leaves. Applying cake fertilizer solution 1 time per week can ensure flowering. When the seedling height is about 15 cm, pull out 1-2 times to promote new shoots. Before the first frost is moved into the greenhouse or indoors every year, the room temperature should not be lower than 5℃, otherwise it will be easily damaged by freezing, and it is best to keep it at 10℃. After moving into the room, open the window every day for ventilation, water properly and control fertilization. When the weather is too cold, watering helps to prevent frostbite. Moving out of the room should be carried out after the temperature rises in the second year. Combined with changing pots and replacing new culture soil, pruning is carried out at the same time. 2-3 buds should be left from the base of each lateral branch, and the upper part should be cut off to make it grow full and symmetrical new branches again, so that it can grow vigorously and flourish.
The pests and diseases of hibiscus are aphids, scale insects and bituminous coal diseases. Insect pests can be killed manually or sprayed with dimethoate 1000 times; The prevention and control method of bituminous coal disease is mainly to improve environmental conditions, mainly through adequate illumination and good ventilation.
[use]
Hibiscus flowers are brightly colored and have a long flowering period. The so-called "Buddhist mulberry flowers bloom in four seasons". It is a famous ornamental flower, suitable for planting in southern courtyards and corners. Potted plants are common flowers in balconies and indoor rooms.