First, the origin of surnames
Li has six sources:
1, according to the Tang Dynasty book, prime minister's genealogy table, annals, clan slips, Yuan He's compilation and other related materials, from the "Won" family. After Hao Tao, the world was Dali (the first prison officer in charge of criminal law), and the official was the surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Laozi, the founder of Taoism, took Li as his surname and called him Li Er for ancestral reasons.
According to Northern History, Li of Zhaojun was the first person after him.
3. According to Wei Shu, the surname of the northern Xianbei nationality was "Chi Li" at the end of Wei Dynasty, and later it was changed to the Chinese character "Li".
In the Tang Dynasty, the surname of the royal family was "Li" and "Li" became the national surname. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the founding fathers Xu, Tai, An, Du, Hu, Hong, Guo, Ma, Xian Yu, Zhang, Bu, Bei Er, Dong, Luo and Zhu Xie all used "Li" as their national title. In addition, many families changed to Li, and Li's population increased greatly.
5. Change his surname from his home. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liangping gave his surname Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Li and other local ethnic minorities after his funeral. Xianbei people have a compound surname of Li, which was changed to Chinese character Li after sinicization. It's for Li in Luoyang.
6. Existing surnames of ethnic minorities. Yanbian Koreans are generally surnamed Li.
Ancestor: Loretta Lee. Hao Tao, a descendant of Zhuan Xu, served as a prison administrator during the reign of Yao and Shun. Hao Tao was very accurate in judging cases and never made mistakes, which made him famous at that time. His descendants inherited the post of "Dali" and took the official as their surname, which was called "Li". At the end of Shang Dynasty, Hao Tao, the later agent, offended Zhou Wang because of unfair handling of the case, and was executed by the tyrant for no reason. His wife fled with her son Li Zhen and lived on Mu Zi (the fruit of plum tree) along the way. Li Zhen's mother decided to change her surname from Li to Li, and she was composed of. So he became the ancestor of Li.
Second, migration distribution.
From the end of Shang Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Li lived in eastern Henan for 200 years. In the Western Han Dynasty, one of Li's families moved to present-day Shandong. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Li nationality has migrated to the southwest, distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, and some of them have merged into Bai, Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Man, Hui, Tujia and Naxi nationalities. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the whole country was dominated by Li, which was also known as the four famous families with Cui, Lu, Li and Zheng in the Central Plains, but it mainly developed in the north before the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, and Li, as the national surname, was the most prominent. Li moved south three times in the Tang Dynasty: the first time was in the early Tang Dynasty, some Li people moved south, and some Henan Li people followed and entered Fujian when Zhangzhou was opened. The second time was the "An Shi Rebellion", and many descendants of Li moved to the south. The third time was in the Five Dynasties. Due to the unrest, Li moved to Fujian, Putian and Jinjiang. From the late Ming Dynasty, people from Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan Province Province. Li's overseas immigration began in the early Ming Dynasty, and all the people who went to Ryukyu were from Fujian. Many people sent to Ryukyu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were surnamed Li, all from China who moved to Ryukyu from Fujian. In the history of China, there were more than 60 Li Di and Li Wang, who successively established Dacheng, Xiliang, Wu, Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Nantang, Dashu, Xixia and Dashun regimes. The proportion of Li surname in northern provinces is higher, which can exceed 18%, while that in southern provinces is less than 8%. Li is the most popular surname in China today, with a population of over 100 million, accounting for 7.9% of the Han population in China.
Third, historical celebrities.
Li Er: Laozi was an important philosopher of Chen in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He advocated nature. He is famous for the Tao Te Ching, and put forward the idea that "man governs the land, the land governs the sky, the sky governs the Tao, and the Tao governs nature". He is the founder of China's important philosophical thought "Tao" and the first person named Li recorded in Historical Records.
Li Si: A native of Shangcai, Henan. During the Warring States period, he was the prime minister of Qin State, helped Qin Shihuang unify the six countries, and achieved the feudal imperial industry.
Li Bing: Protector of Water Resources in the Warring States Period. He was appointed as the prefect of Shu County by Qin, managed water according to law, and built Dujiangyan, a world-famous water conservancy project, which made great contributions to national agricultural production and water conservancy projects and was regarded as the Sichuan God by later generations.
Li Bai: A native of Qin 'an, Gansu Province, was a famous romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He has an extremely lofty position in the history of China literature, and is called "Poet Fairy". There are many works in his life, including more than 900, such as Difficult Road to Shu, Difficult Travel, Thoughts on a Quiet Night, etc. Li Guang: Born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Qin 'an, Gansu), he was a famous soldier in the Western Han Dynasty. He participated in more than 70 wars against Huns and was famous for his bravery and good fighting skills. When the right Beiping was the satrap, the Xiongnu dared not attack for several years and called him "General Fei".
Li Chun: A craftsman in the Sui Dynasty. Zhao Zhouqiao, built by him, is a famous ancient stone arch bridge in China, which occupies a glorious page in the history of bridge construction in China and even in the world.
Li Shimin: Emperor Taizong, whose ancestral home was in Longxi, was a relatively enlightened feudal emperor. During his reign, his politics was clear, his criminal law was lenient, his society was stable and his economy was prosperous, which was called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. It has created a prosperous time in Guan Zhen, which is "do as you are told and don't close the door at night".
Li Qingzhao: A native of Jinan (now Shandong), she was a poetess in the Southern Song Dynasty. On the theory of ci, he emphasized harmony, advocated elegance and affection, put forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposed the method of writing poetry. She wrote many poems, words and articles in her life. The original Collection of Li Yi 'an was lost, and later generations compiled Shuyu Ci.
Li Yuanhao: The Tangut Qiang nationality, 103 1 year, inherited his father's business, decided not to use the surname given by the Tang and Song Dynasties, and announced that the Xixia royal family changed its surname to "Mingshi", calling itself "Woods" and called Xixia Emperor.
Li Shizhen was born in qi zhou (now Qichun County, Hubei Province) in the Ming Dynasty. Born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine, he was an outstanding physician in Ming Dynasty. He spent thirty-seven years compiling Compendium of Materia Medica, which made great contributions to Chinese medicine.
Li Zicheng, a native of Mizhi, Shaanxi Province, was the leader of the peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty, nicknamed "King Chuang". 1643, Xiangyang was called Xinshun King, and the Dashun regime was established the following year to conquer Beijing. 1645 was killed.
Li Hongzhang: Zi Shaoquan, a native of Hefei, Anhui Province, was a politician in the Qing Dynasty. He has made great contributions to the suppression of bandits and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and has served as the governor of Zhili, Huguang and Guangdong. He is especially good at diplomacy and has signed treaties with foreign countries on behalf of the Qing court many times. Later, he died of hematemesis from overwork, was promoted to serve for a period of time, and died as Wenzhong.
Li Ruzhen: A native of Daxing (now Beijing) in Zhili. Novelists in Qing Dynasty. His masterpiece is the novel Jing Hua Yuan.
Li Zongren: Cidelin, a native of Guilin, Guangxi, is the head of Guangxi Department. He served as vice president and acting president of the Kuomintang government in the late period of the liberation war. /kloc-0 went to the United States at the end of 1949, and/kloc-0 returned to Beijing in July 1965. 1969 died of illness.
Li Dazhao: Zi Shou Chang, a native of Laoting County, Hebei Province, studied in Japan in his early years. After returning to China, he served as editor-in-chief of Morning Bell, editor-in-chief of New Youth, professor Peking University and librarian. He was one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement, the earliest Marxist in China and one of the founders of China.
Li Xiannian: Wei Li was once a native of Huang An (now Hong 'an), Hubei Province. /kloc-born in 0/909,/kloc-participated in peasant uprisings in Huang An and Macheng in 0/927, and joined China. Since then, he has been closely linked with the cause of the party and fought for it. 1elected chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC) in June, 1983. 1992 died in Beijing in June.
Li Siguang: Geologist. Huanggang, Hubei. Mongols. Join the league at an early age. Participated in the Revolution of 1911. 19 19 graduated from Birmingham university with a master's degree. 1920 Return to China. Professor Peking University, Director of Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Engaged in the research and teaching of paleontology, glaciology and geomechanics. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, Director of Institute of Paleontology of China Academy of Sciences, Minister of Geology Department, Member of Geology Department of China Academy of Sciences, Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, and Vice Chairman of the Second to Fourth CPPCC. He is the author of Geology of China, Introduction to Geomechanics, Seismogeology, Astronomy, Geology and Paleontology.
Fourth, the county hall number
Wang Jun 1
Longxi County: A county was established during the Warring States Period. The ancestor of this Li family is Li Chong, the eldest son of Li Tan, Qin Situ.
Zhao County: A county was established in the Han Dynasty and ruled in Handan (now southwest of Handan City, Hebei Province). The ancestor of this Li family is Li Mu, the second son of Li Ji, a famous teacher in Qin Dynasty.
Dunqiu County: In the Western Jin Dynasty, it was located in Dunqiu (now southwest of Qingfeng, Henan). This branch of the Li family in Longxi, Li Guang, a famous Western Han Dynasty, and 1 generation are the founders of this branch.
Zhongshan County: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set the county to govern Lunu (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). This branch of Li is a branch of Zhao, whose ancestor is Gui Li's third son, Ricky.
Guanghan County: A county was established in the Han Dynasty, governing a township (now Jintang East, Sichuan) and moved to Luoxian County in the Eastern Han Dynasty (now Guanghan North, Sichuan). This branch of Li is named after Li in Longxi, and its ancestor is Li Shang (Li Guang's father).
Bohai county: Sumujian is the main body, first called the earthquake country. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty conferred the title of Da Zuorong as the king of the county of Bohai Sea and called Han Taishou, hence the name Bohai Sea. The Bohai Sea straddles the banks of the Wusuli River. In 926 AD, it was destroyed by the Khitan. In today's Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong provinces, along the coast of Bohai Bay;
Xiangcheng County: During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty set up four counties in the county, namely, Zhongli, Xiangcheng, Yang Chen and Shima, which belonged to Zhou Nanxiang, Xi Huai 'an and Xiangcheng respectively. Now Chengguan Town was under the jurisdiction of Xiangcheng County at that time, and later it was under the jurisdiction of states and counties. Governance is located in Xiangcheng (now Xiangcheng County, Henan Province).
Jiangxia County: the security area of Xiajun in Hanshui (now Yunmeng, Hubei), which governs Henan and Hubei provinces. In the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Wu each set up Jiangxia County, Wujiang ruled Wuchang (now Hubei) and Wei Jiangxia ruled Shangchang (now southwest of Yunmeng). Jin destroyed Wu, returned to his hometown and changed to Wuchang County. Xiakou (now Wuchang) moved to the Southern Song Dynasty, and its jurisdiction was reduced to Wuhan and its vicinity. Jiangxia County in Sui and Tang Dynasties was Ezhou.
Zitong County: At the end of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei set up Zitong County in Guanghan County to administer Zitong (now Sichuan Province). Sui waste. Zitong County, Youzhou, Tang Dynasty, mentioned in the previous article. The old Zitong County was renamed Brazil in the Western Wei Dynasty, and it was the county land of Mianzhou Brazil (formerly known as Jinshan) in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Fanyang County: Fanyang County, Benzhuo County, Youzhou, Tang Dynasty, moved its capital in the first year of Tianbao (742). Jurisdiction over Jixian County (now southwest of Beijing). It is also the name of Fangzhen Town, which was originally the envoy of Youzhou, and was changed to Fanyang in the first year of Tianbao. In the first year of Baoying (762), he changed to Youzhou and became Lu Long. Youzhou (original Zhuoxian County in Tang Dynasty) has Fanyang County. In the fourth year of Dali (769), it broke away from Youzhou with Gu 'an and other counties, and set up Zhuozhou, where it was ruled by Fan Yang.
Guo Liang: The Han Dynasty established Guo Liang and ruled Suiyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan). Liang Jun ruled the city in the Southern Song Dynasty (now Dangshan, Anhui). Songzhou was once considered as Liang County in Sui Dynasty and Suiyang County in Tang Dynasty.
Nanyang County: The Qin Dynasty took Wan as its ruling place and made Nanyang County its home. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Nanyang County, Dengzhou, was changed to the county (now Dengxian) as the governing place. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanyang Prefecture ruled Nanyang, namely Hanwan County (now Nanyang City, Henan Province).
2. Hall number
Longxitang: Because Li took a fancy to the name of Longxi County.
In addition, the names of Li's main hall are "Zhao" and "Pingjitang".
Clan characteristics of verb (abbreviation of verb)
Li has a prominent political position in history. According to relevant historical statistics, there are more than 60 people who only call themselves emperors and kings, which is unmatched by other surname families. All branches of the surname Li are arranged in an orderly way. Li Pai, Jianchang, Jiangxi, said: "Budebao, Cenlin Songrong, Chao Ji, and Tingwen Department, such as Ji Shichun and Shao Shu, have recently been open-minded, loyal and loyal, and have great families"; The word line of Li School in Gaoyi, Hebei Province: "Prosperity comes out of Jin, Zhong Xiu is high, the world is prosperous and bright." Source: China surname-/x004/2008files/20090408171749472.html.