First, the source of Zhang's surname

There are three sources: 1, from the Yellow Emperor. According to the New Tang Book. The genealogy of the Prime Minister says, "The fifth son of Qingyang's brother wielded a bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang." Therefore, it can be seen that he was once the inventor of an important weapon bow, and later took Zhang Wei as his surname. It belongs to the Zhang family in Hebei. 2, from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor Ji surname, according to "Tongzhi". According to "A Brief History of Clans", in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor named Zhang Jie in the State of Jin, and his grandson took him as his surname, also called Zhang. In addition, Zhang was an official in the Jin Dynasty. After Korea, Zhao and Wei carved up the State of Jin in 403 BC, most of them moved away with the capitals of the three countries except some. It's for the Zhang family in Shanxi, Hebei and Henan. 3, from the given surname or his surname, his family changed his surname. Dragon, the leader of Nanman, lived in Yunnan. Zhuge Liang of Shu gave him the surname Zhang in the Three Kingdoms, and later generations took Zhang as their surname. Wei general Zhang Liao, formerly known as Nie, was later changed to Zhang. There are also some ethnic minorities who change their surnames to Zhang.

Second, migration distribution.

Generally speaking, the Zhang family distributed in various places has branch ancestors and migration reasons. Hedong Zhang, the grandson of Zhang in Jin Dynasty, moved to Hedong Zhang; Shixing (now under Lotus Ridge in the southeast of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) Zhang also came from Jin and Zhang Hua, and moved with Jinnan, because he lived in Qujiang, Shaozhou; Feng Yi (now Dali County, Shaanxi Province) was a native of Shaozigang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and a prefect of Guangling in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Wu Jun (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) Zhang, from Mu, the fourth son of Zhang Song, was the satrap of Shu County in the Eastern Han Dynasty and began to live in Wu Jun; Situ Zhangxin, the grandson of the Zhang family in Wucheng (now the northeast of Qinghe County, Hebei Province), east of Qinghe River, was born in the first union of Xin Qiji. He moved from Hanoi to Qinghe, passed down from Yi, served as assistant minister of Hou Wei, and moved to Changle, Weizhou at the end of Sui Dynasty. Hejian (now Hebei) Zhang lived in Yifeng, Zhongshan, and Zhang Cang, Hou Wen, Beiping, Han. Wei Jun (now Anyang City, Henan Province) Zhang lived in the plain. In the Jin Dynasty, Zhang moved from the Central Plains to Fujian. During his tenure as a general, he was ordered to enter Fujian, accompanied by Zhang of the Central Plains Military Academy. In the middle and middle years, Wang Chao and Wang entered Fujian, and people from Gushi, Henan Province went with them. Later, they were named Liang Guogong and Zhang Fujian, and they were roughly divided into Jianhu School, Jin Po School and Banqiao School according to their places of residence. Later, some people moved to Guangdong, saying that their ancestors were from Gushi, Gwangju, Henan. Since the early Qing Dynasty, Zhang people from Fujian and Guangdong have moved to Taiwan Province Province, and many people have gone abroad to make a living. Zhang, who has emigrated overseas, is now mainly distributed in Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, the United States, Britain, France, Australia, Panama and other countries and Hong Kong.

Wang (surname)

Exploring the source of wang xing

Tao gives birth to one, one, two, three, three things,

The unity of heaven and earth is king, royalty, who can compare with it!

Wang Xing is the second largest surname in China, with a population of nearly 1 100 million. Since the Han Dynasty, Wang Xing has at least 265,438+0 famous families, including Wang's such as Langya, Taiyuan, Sanhuai and Kaimin. Wang Xing is the most culturally rich surname among many surnames of the Chinese nation, with bright stars and shining Chinese culture. For thousands of years, talented people have come forth in large numbers, which is called the home of emperors.

The origin of Wang Xing is very complicated (1), which comes from Gui surname and is said to be after the ancient emperor Yu Shun. (2) from Ji surname, after finish, the fifteenth son; (3) from the surname of the son, and Lin Tongzong, after the Shang Dynasty Prince went to war; (4) Historical physical surnames, such as Wang Jian, the founding monarch of Wang Gaoli (present-day Korea), Wang Xiong, the father of Wang Pinshi in the Western Wei Dynasty, and Wang Ji, the father of Tong Ershi. (5) Wang, the son of Wang, often takes his surname. (6) Giving a surname, such as Jia, the great-grandson of Yan Wangdan in the Han Dynasty, was given the surname Wang when Wang Mang was born; (7) Take the surname, such as Wang in the Sui Dynasty, his real name branch, and Liu Qufei in the Five Dynasties, all taking the surname Wang; (8) Changing his surname to Wang for historical reasons to avoid revenge and flee for life, and so on.

The Wangs have a population of nearly 100 million, including not only the famous Langtong, Taiyuan, Shanxi and Sanhuai, but also Changle Beihai, Shandong Donghai, Juye Gaoping, Shaanxi Jingzhao, Gansu Tianshui Tianshui, Dongping Dongping, Shandong Tengzhou Yang Shan, Henan Xincai Xincai, Hebei Dingxian Zhongshan and Hebei Xingtang. King Guanghan of Sichuan, King Jincheng of Shaanxi, King Hedong of Shanxi, King Changsha of Hunan, King Liuhe of Jiangsu, King Nanjun of Henan, etc. are also famous families. According to some books, there are as many as 38 famous Wangs in China, more than 2 1 a 17. It can be seen that the king is widely distributed in the whole country, his family is prosperous, the achievements of celebrities, education, writings, calligraphy and painting, art and so on. , not to be underestimated.

Wang Xing knows from historical biographies that Wang Xing of China is mostly the "queen of kings", that is, the descendants of emperors. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Ji Jin, the prince of Zhou Lingwang, was banished to Shu Ren for his outspoken suggestions. He was loyal to his country by the nobles, but he was demoted to Shu Ren. He held a grudge and soon died of depression. His son takes "Wang" as his surname. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the descendants of Prince Jin formed the cultural background of the combination of surnames under the new form of social progress, and the surname of "Wang" was transformed into the surname of "Wang". Except in Taiyuan, descendants of Hezhou fled or lost their titles and countries after the regime change in Taiyuan. In order to let future generations remember their noble origins, they also took Wang as their surname. In addition, the emperor gave the surname, and the ethnic minorities changed Wang Xing in the process of sinicization, which is also the way of Wang Xing's origin. Among the dozens in Shandong, several were changed from Mongols to kings in the Yuan Dynasty.

Descendants of children's surnames

From the surname of the son, it is an early source. Zi surname is the "good" surname of the royal family in Yin and Shang Dynasties. According to the research of historian Mr. Yang, Zi Yuan wrote "goodness" and studied, while "female" meant that she was a matriarchal clan. The emperors of Yin and Shang dynasties took the son as their surname from the deed. Legend has it that Qi's mother's name is Ju Die, and she is You's daughter. Once, Judy and her sisters took a bath in the river. At this moment, a big bird flew over from the horizon. The big bird laid an egg by the river and flew away. The egg happened to be close to Judy. Judy picked up the eggs and began to eat. It was primitive at that time. Although fire was invented long ago, raw food was still very common, and the blood contained in hair was not cut off at that time. Strange to say, Judy has felt pregnant since she ate bird eggs. /kloc-She gave birth to a boy after she got pregnant in 0/0 month. This boy is Qi. Judging from this story in Historical Records Yin Benji, people can only regard him as a myth. The legendary Judy is Di Ku's mistress. In this regard, Qiao Zhou in the Three Kingdoms period said: Born in Yao, Qi was born in Yao, and was longer than Shun. Therefore, Brother Ju is not necessarily a concubine, and Qi is not necessarily a son. However, two basic facts can be found in this legend. First, the age when Qi was born was not the matriarchal society in ancient times, but a society with marriage, but there were still many remnants of women's maternity rights. Second, when Qi was born, it was no longer normal to know that his mother didn't know his father. Man's civilization requires knowing both his mother and his father. Judie couldn't remember that the man was his biological father, so she ate bird eggs and got married. Although there is nothing to make a fuss about, this kind of thing often happens today. However, it is not always possible to have an earth-shattering person who goes down in history.

After Qi was born in Yao era, he grew and developed in Shun era, showing great talent. Dayu succeeded in harnessing the water, and when Shun commended him, Dayu said that there were contributions from Ji, Qi and others, so Shun made a special decree to appoint Qi as Situ, so that he could educate the people with the moral standards of his parents, brothers and sons. Was sealed in the commercial land (now south of Shangqiu County, Henan Province), taking his son as his surname. From contract to13rd century, when Tang moved to the eighth place, Tang lived in Bo from the residence of the first king and wrote the imperial letters. Shang Tang levied vassals, and Gerber did not worship. Don conquered him. Become a powerful tribal group to compete with the Xia Dynasty. At that time, the Xia Dynasty had reached the end of the road. In sharp contrast to the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty was in a period of prosperity and development. Shang Tang is good at governing the country. He said, "People can know their own image through water, and you can know whether the country is governed or not through people." . Don is a kind king. Once, Tang saw someone casting a net around the field, trying to catch all the wild animals. He made a wish, "Everyone came into my net from the world." Tang Chao said to heaven, "Didn't that kill them all? If you want to go to three sides, you can go left if you want to go left, right if you want to go right, and you don't have to die to enter our net. " Finally, it reached the ears of the princes, who said, "Tang De has arrived, and his kindness is concerned about animals." So he plunged into Zhou Guo's soup. People are coming towards him. One of the people who came to this soup was an artist named Yi Yin, who became a good assistant for Tang to govern the country. After several years of preparation and governance, Tang launched an attack on the Xia Dynasty, defeated it and overthrew its rule. The latest historical dating project was designated as BC 1598, and the Shang Dynasty was established in Xibe, which lasted for more than 500 years. Passed around to thirty kings, and finally died at the hands of the 31st monarch, Di Xin. Speaking of which, some people may feel strange, because his name is Zhou and people call him. He is a famous tyrant in history.

Under the rule of Zhou, although the Shang dynasty was ignorant and betrayed, not everyone in the imperial clan of the Yin dynasty was like the same. There are many smart people among them. Among them, Tai Ding, the grandfather, and Wang Shu, the son of his uncle are the most representative. At that time, Zhou Wang was so ignorant that people left, and so did Zhou Wang's brother Wei Zi. Another one. He visited Zhou Wang and gave him sincere advice. Zhou Wang wouldn't listen, so he didn't want to leave. He advised Zhou Wang in the palace for three consecutive days. Finally, I became impatient. At the instigation of Zhou Wang's concubine Suu Kyi, Zhou Wang was killed again. He said, "I heard that saints have seven hearts. I want to see if your heart is like this." At that time, ".

Shortly after the death of Prince Bigan, the Shang Dynasty was wiped out by the rising Zhou Dynasty in the west. Although the Shang Dynasty perished, the three nobles of the Shang royal family were regarded as the three benevolent people of the Shang Dynasty because they did not collude with Zhou Wang. They are Wei Zi, Ji Zi and Bigan. Wei Zi was later sealed in the Song Dynasty (now south of Shangqiu County, Henan Province), and Ji Zi was also given preferential treatment by Zhou Wuwang. The place where Beagan's cemetery is located was given to his descendants by Zhou Wuwang. Bi Gan's cemetery, water mirror water, is said to be in (now Qixian County, Henan Province), history books and biographies, and Zhang Shoujie's "Zhi Zhi of Justice and Broadness", which is said to be in 10 Li, Weixian County (now Weihui City, Henan Province). The descendants of Bi Gan lived in the land from Qiqi to Weihui City, and some changed their surnames to Wang. The descendant of this is Wang's son. Some changed Lin's surname. Both the Lin surname in Putian, Fujian and the Lin surname who moved to Shandong have this record. Their genealogy was written by Wen Yanbo in Tang Dynasty.

The origin of the king also comes from:

Descendants of Gui surname.

Wang xing Ji

Wang changed his surname from miscellaneous to miscellaneous.

Hu descendants

Wang xing is the second largest surname in China today, with a population of nearly 1 100 million. There are many famous people in history, and their surnames are unparalleled. China Celebrity Dictionary contains more than 2,360 celebrities from wang xing, ranking first among surnames. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were not two such couplets hanging on the ancestral temple of the Wangs:

A, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming eighteen scholars, the third bachelor = = = = Sun and his son, seven people worship each other by nine seals.

Second, in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were three hundred men and seven ding Jia = = = = great-great-grandfather, twelve prime ministers and five seals.

This shows the prosperity of the king.

plum

There are four sources.

1, from the won surname, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu Di Levin. During Yao's reign, he was appointed as Dali Kingdom (prison), his son Bo Yi was yuanshi county, and his son Sun San inherited Dali Kingdom. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two ways to change Li's name to Li's. There is a saying: In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Li Zheng, a descendant of Hao Tao, was an official in North Korea. He offended Shang Zhouwang by telling her and was executed. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li. Another way of saying it is: According to the surname test, there was no Li before the week. Because there is a Lao Tzu named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Li Zhen, so he is also named Li, because his ancestor is an official of Li, and Li and Li have the same ancient sound. Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er.

2. Change his surname from his home. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liangping gave his surname Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Li and other local ethnic minorities after his funeral. Xianbei people have a compound surname of Li, which was changed to Chinese character Li after sinicization. It's for Li in Luoyang.

3. From his surname to Li. According to relevant records, the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty included Xu, An, Du, Guo, Ma, Xian Yu and other generals 16 who were given the Tang surname for their meritorious military service.

It was changed from Lin's surname. There is a noble family in southern Fujian called Li Lin, with a population of several hundred thousand. In the Ming Dynasty, a native of Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian, changed his surname to Li in order to avoid disasters, and carried the "Qingyuan". With the Lins, the god of wealth is the ancestor.

2. Migration Distribution From the end of Shang Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Li lived in eastern Henan for 200 years. In the Western Han Dynasty, Li's family moved to present-day Shandong Province. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, some Li clans have migrated to the southwest, distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, and some have merged into Bai, Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Man, Hui, Tujia and Naxi nationalities. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the whole country was dominated by Li, which was also known as the four famous families with Cui, Lu, Li and Zheng in the Central Plains, but it mainly developed in the north before the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, and Li, as the national surname, was the most prominent. In the Tang Dynasty, Li moved south three times: once, in the early Tang Dynasty, some Li people moved south, and some of them from Henan moved into Kaizhangzhou, Fujian. The second time was the "An Shi Rebellion", and many descendants of Li moved to the south. The third time was in the Five Dynasties. Due to the unrest, Li moved to Fujian, Putian and Jinjiang. From the late Ming Dynasty, people from Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan Province Province. Li's overseas immigration began in the early Ming Dynasty, and all the people who went to Ryukyu were from Fujian. Many people sent to Ryukyu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were surnamed Li, all from China who moved to Ryukyu from Fujian. In the history of China, there were more than 60 Li Di and Li Wang, who successively established Dacheng, Xiliang, Wu, Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Nantang, Dashu, Xixia and Dashun regimes.

a surname

First of all, trace back to the source:

Originated from the won surname, it was formed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with Boyi as the ancestor and jujube symbol as the concrete ancestor. Boyi, the grandson of Emperor Zhuan Xu, took Shun as his surname. Zhao Fu, the ninth grandson of Boyi, was a famous horse-riding expert in the Western Zhou Dynasty. He bought eight horses in Taolin area, trained them and gave them to Zhou Muwang. Zhou Muwang is equipped with a good car, let the cook drive for him. He often goes out hunting and playing. Once he went west to Kunlun Mountain and met the Queen Mother of the West, but he forgot to come back. At this time, Zhou Muwang was very worried when he heard the news of Xu Xu Rebecca's rebellion. At this critical moment, Zhao Fu drove thousands of miles, which enabled Zhou Muwang to quickly return to Haojiang, sent his troops in time to defeat Xu Yanwang and put down the rebellion. Because Zhao Fuli made great contributions, Zhou Muwang named him Zhao Cheng. From then on, people in Zaofu were called Scott.

When he preached to Xiang, the king took the seventh Sun Shu away from Zhou because of his lack of knowledge. Since then, Zhao's descendants have been doctors of the State of Jin for generations. In the early years of the Warring States, the Sun of Shu joined forces with Wei and Han to enfeoffment Jin and establish Zhao.

By the time his grandson was born in Zhao, he was officially recognized by King Lie of Zhou and ranked as a vassal with the Han and Wei Dynasties. In 222 BC, the State of Zhao was destroyed by the State of Qin, and its royal nobles and ordinary people took the country name as their surname, calling it Zhao.

Second, migration distribution.

In the Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo (now Zhengding, Hebei Province) was appointed as the commander of Longchuan County, Nanhai County, and later as the commander of Nanhai County. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangxiang counties merged to establish Nanyue State, and Emperor Gaozu made Nanyue King. Since then, Zhao Tuo's descendants have multiplied in Guangdong and Guangxi. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital was captured by Dong Zhuo, and Zhao Da, a native of Luoyang, took refuge in Jiangdong. During Tang Gaozong's reign, Zhao Duan, a native of the Central Plains, entered Fujian and opened Zhangzhou with Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang. During the Five Dynasties, Liu Li established the Southern Han regime in Guangzhou, and three brothers, Zhao Guangyi, Guangfeng and Guangyin, settled in the South China Sea. Kaifeng people Zhao and Zhao Chongtao settled in Chengdu, Sichuan because of their official positions. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Yongxian, a Kaifeng native, fled south with Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, and moved to Changshu, Jiangsu, while Zhao Fan, a Zhengzhou native, moved to Shangrao, Jiangxi. After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial clan Zhao fled to Penghu, Chaoyang and other places, and then developed and multiplied in Fujian and Guangdong. During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, people from Fujian, Guangdong and other places moved to Taiwan Province Province one after another, and then many people moved overseas, distributed in some countries and regions in Europe, America and Southeast Asia.