2) Zhao Kuangyin, commander-in-chief of the Imperial Army in the Later Zhou Dynasty, inspected everything in front of the temple. In 960, there was a mutiny in Chen Qiao (now Chenqiao Town, Kaifeng), which was called Chen Qiao mutiny in history, thus establishing the only semi-feudal dynasty in China history. During this period, the territory controlled by ethnic minorities was under the central government as early as the Han and Tang Dynasties, and since the late Northern Song Dynasty, sixteen states of Youyun, including traditional territories such as Beijing, have also been threatened. )/kloc-ascended the throne in 0/7 (960~976).
Zhao Kuangyin partially solved the troubled times, which laid the foundation for the basic stability in the next hundred years, and also won a certain stable surrounding environment for the splendid culture of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later historians have different opinions on it, and most scholars are quite sure after studying it.
3) Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, is a legendary emperor in the history of China. From a poor monk to a rebel leader, and then to the unification of China, he completed a great change in his life, but only a few people, such as Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi, could compete with the autocratic monarchy in China. Zhu Yuanzhang reigned for 365,438+0 years (65,438+0,368 ~ 65,438+0,398), during which the ancient feudal monarchy reached its peak.
After the reform, Zhu Yuanzhang completed the separation of administrative, judicial and military powers, and at the same time, the powerful supervisory and secret service groups provided a guarantee for the terrorist rule. At this point, Zhu Yuanzhang's imperial power developed unprecedentedly, and the central imperial power reached its peak.
Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu period was called "severe punishment for chaos", during which four major cases were severely punished, and most of the founding heroes of the Ming Dynasty were punished. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang also devoted himself to selecting talents and governing the country, and adopted the "three combinations" when selecting officials. However, because the learning he advocated gradually became the reserve of imperial examination talents, the difficulty of imperial examination increased (too many people took the exam, and the content was mostly rote, just like the college entrance examination, which was difficult to reflect the advantages and disadvantages of talents), and then he reformed and formed the "eight-part essay" (which was the improvement of standards)
4) Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang reigned for 8 years (202 BC ~ 65438 BC+095 BC), during which the state system was initially established, and the official system basically inherited the Qin system, but at the same time, a group of heroes and royalty were enfeoffed as princes, and the feudal system and the county system coexisted.
Liu Bang's story is the beginning of the earliest interpretation of the legend of a general in cloth. With the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the whole country was divided and there were many governors, and Xiang Yu became the overlord of the western Chu. The situation is very unfavorable to Liu Bang. At that time, it was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu, far away from Guanzhong, when fashion was a lonely place. Compared with Xiang Yu, Liu Bang was born humble, but he was much more generous and open-minded than Xiang Yu. Liu Bangren knows how to be a good person and tries to get in touch with the opposing forces as much as possible, but even so, Liu Bangren was defeated again and again in the face of Xiang Yu's Chu army.
Facing the extremely difficult situation, Liu Bang adopted the strategy of protracted war. At this time, Xi Chu overlord's young and anxious personality was exposed. Liu Bang avoided its edge and fought circuitously, and finally gradually mastered the strategic initiative and annihilated Xiang Yu in one fell swoop. After the unification of China, Liu Bang devoted himself to the recovery and development of social economy, and governed by Lao Zi's inaction, which improved people's lives and developed the economy in the early Western Han Dynasty. However, the following two policies have brought a lot of trouble to future generations.
5) Michelle Ye, the sage of Qing Dynasty, reigned for 62 years, (16 1 ~ 1722) was the longest reigning emperor in China history (his grandson Gan Long said that he didn't want to surpass his grandfather and abdicated to become the emperor's father). During this period, besides Ao Bai, we also fought for Galdin, recovered Taiwan Province Province, and JAXA defeated Russia. It can be described as remarkable achievements.
During Kangxi's reign, many measures to benefit the people were also introduced in the field of civil affairs. The hand of Kangxi not only blocked the wind of enclosure, but also emphasized "emphasizing agriculture and restraining business" to reduce rent and interest, giving people a more relaxed production environment. Building water conservancy and harnessing the Yellow River can be described as boundless merits (later, Chiang Kai-shek chiseled it, during which there were few floods for hundreds of years). However, Kangxi's opening of literary inquisition was undoubtedly the destruction of intellectuals. Of course, the author is not here because of this. Kangxi's key mistake can almost offset all his achievements, that is, the policy of "closing the door to the outside world".
6) Emperor Zhou Zetian, that is, Wu Zetian, created the word "Zhao" himself, which means changing the dynasty. This person is the only female emperor in the history of China (Lv Hou is not as cruel as Cixi). Wu Zetian was in power 16 (690~705), and actually took power for a longer time. The regime of Wu and Zhou Dynasties is another controversial dynasty in the history of China.
The evaluation of Wu Zetian is often entangled in that she is the only female emperor in history. In fact, Wu Zetian still has a certain talent in governing the country. Because the ruling class has always resisted many measures from top to bottom, it has not been well implemented. While studying Wu Zetian, many historians feel sorry for the only female emperor.
7)
Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, reigned in 12 (22 BC1~ 2 BC10), and actually ascended the throne in 247 BC (Warring States Period). He devoted his whole life to the reunification of China, and he realized his long-cherished wish in 22 1 BC. Since then, China has been unified for the first time. However, the second dynasty established by Ying Zheng perished, and its lessons are worth learning by all feudal rulers.
The battle of Ying Zheng's unification of China was carried out on the premise of absolute strength, and a series of policies and decrees were promulgated by the later feudal unified empire, which influenced the history of China for more than 2,000 years.
Ying Zheng's martial arts in the Qin Dynasty were unparalleled, forming the largest empire in the world at that time. At that time, Rome in the west was still a Republic, and the age of empire was far from coming. However, after Ying Zheng's death, due to his excessive autocracy and high-handed policies, a large-scale armed rebellion was triggered, and the Qin Dynasty soon perished.
8)
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was the second son of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, he was named King of Qin, and the mercenaries respected themselves. He was a good soldier in Mazhuang, and made great contributions to the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the ninth year of Wu, in 626 AD, Li Shimin launched a mutiny at Xuanwu Gate, the north gate of Chang 'an Palace, killing his younger brother Li and his younger brother Li Yuanji, forcing Gao Zuchan to succeed to the throne, and changed his zhenguan the following year. Li Shimin reigned for 24 years (626-649). During this period, China's economy, which had been greatly damaged since the war at the end of Sui Dynasty, had a great development. Although it did not reach the level of the heyday of Sui Dynasty, it was on the rise, with stable political situation, strong national strength and gradually improved people's living standards, which was called the rule of Zhenguan in history.
Li Shimin once had a famous name, Fang Lingxuan Du Ruhui, and a famous remonstrator Wei Zhi. Among them, Wei Zhi is still the old party of the Prince, and Li Shimin can forget himself and reuse it, which shows his mind and tolerance as a national ruler. At the same time, he broke the regional prejudice, abolished the unreasonable system of selecting officials in the previous dynasty, and enabled celebrities from Shandong and Jiangnan to win the support and praise of the broad masses of literati. All these made the Li Shimin dynasty full of talented people and the country orderly.
Of course, Li Shimin was not a conformist monarch. He fought the Battle of East Turkistan and the Battle of Tuguhun for the Hexi Corridor, and then opened up the Western Region, with Anxi as the capital and four towns, which were called "four towns in peace" in history. The large-scale expedition made Emperor Taizong achieve brilliant martial arts. All tribes originally belonging to East Turkistan regard Li Shimin as "Tiankhan" and enjoy high prestige in Central Asia.
However, in his later years, Li Shimin personally led an army to conquer Korea, and the result was as futile as Yang Guang (Yang Di). Not to mention wasting people and money, it can be said that his last days are in jeopardy.
9) The reign of Emperor Liu Che was 55 years (65438 BC+0465438 BC+0 BC ~ 87 BC). With Wenjing's rule laying a solid economic foundation, the policy of the Western Han Dynasty during Liu Che's rule has undergone great changes, in short, from "inaction" to "promising". Liu Che not only vigorously developed the national economy, but also highly concentrated imperial power. Since then, China has been established as the most advanced and powerful feudal country in the world. The residents who lived in Liu Che Dynasty called themselves "Han people" or "Han people". The appellation of Han nationality has been used for more than two thousand years, which is the embodiment of national strength and national pride. Liu Che changed some ruling policies in his later years, but all the savings of the former dynasty were exhausted and he died. (The last thing Emperor Wu regretted in his later years was forcing his favorite son, Herry Liu, to death, which had a great influence on Liu Che. )
Emperor Judy of the Ming Dynasty reigned for 23 years (1402~ 1424). Judy's road to becoming emperor was very bumpy, and many creative measures made history remember the only emperor who succeeded in uprising.
Later generations still speak highly of Judy. Due to the limitations of history, while historians sigh for him, let us look at this history objectively. History is not accidental, let alone hypothetical.