Paper Keywords: college students' professional values and career planning guidance
Through the thematic analysis of college students' professional values, this paper puts forward that it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of college students' career planning, guide them to make correct self-analysis and career analysis, clarify their career ideals and goals, and cultivate various abilities needed for their career. Focus on improving the employment competitiveness of college students and solving their employment problems.
With the emergence of a large number of graduates after the expansion of enrollment, the problem of difficult employment of college students has aroused widespread concern in the whole society. On the one hand, college students mainly focus on high-paying and high-welfare jobs, and hundreds of students compete for several or dozens of limited places; On the other hand, the community service work of building a city in new countryside needs a lot of talents. This mentality of "high expectations and high treatment" makes it difficult for many college students to find jobs and find jobs. Then, what are the contemporary college students' cognition of occupation and the employment competitiveness of talents trained by higher education?
1. Present situation and thinking of contemporary college students' professional values
In April 2006, Beisen Evaluation Network, Labor Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and Sina.com jointly conducted a survey on the current situation of contemporary college students' first employment. The results show that: ① after finding the first job, 50% of college students choose to change jobs within 1 year; ; Within two years, the turnover rate of college students is close to 75%. 23.3% of college students "find jobs before choosing jobs", and their first job is just a springboard from school to society. 16.3% people choose their first job "without much consideration" and "follow their feelings". ③ The correct career choice should give consideration to interests/hobbies and future development space, but the fact is that only 17.5% people consider these two factors when choosing a job. It can be seen that:
1. 1 Weak sense of career planning
Many college students prepare for the postgraduate entrance examination as soon as they enter the university, and pay little attention to the choice of work. They think it is a distant thing to find a job, they don't want to participate in group and team activities, and they are afraid of delaying their study time and giving less consideration to career planning. I want to engage in a certain profession as soon as I see its high income, and I want to engage in other professions as soon as I see its high status. Some even think that career planning is a matter for parents, and career planning is a form with no practical effect.
1.2 The tendency of blindness, randomness and conformity in choosing a job is obvious.
The diversified pattern of contemporary college students' professional values has been formed, and the angles and levels that students can choose have increased. Some students do not blindly study or participate in training according to their own actual situation, and become a "research group". They don't consider it when choosing a job, but follow their feelings. Some students blindly follow the crowd, which easily leads to frequent job hopping.
1.3 college students' values are in an unstable state of development.
It shows that contemporary college students' self-cognition is vague, and their self-orientation and self-design are not objective. Some college students have a tendency to "aim high and change their minds", which is obviously incompatible with their own actual situation and social objective reality, which makes it difficult for students to choose their own jobs and makes employers hesitate to choose students.
On the whole, the pluralistic pattern of contemporary college students' professional values has been formed and transformed into a new structure and pattern in which monism and pluralistic values coexist. When choosing a job, college students consider not only the needs of society, but also self-selection, value orientation marked by self-realization and economic income. The transformation from unitary values with altruism as the core to pluralistic values is the basic expression of the complexity of contemporary college students' professional values. How to effectively guide college students to form correct professional values that conform to the development of the times, meet personal needs and face up to social reality has put forward new thinking for our college educators.
2 characteristics of the formation of college students' professional values
2. 1 College students' professional values have distinct personality characteristics in * * *.
Influenced by the political, economic and social environment in China before 1980s, students' personal professional values emphasize the social standard values of believing in the interests of the collective and the state, and are characterized by obeying the needs of the collective and the state. After 90s, with the development of market economy, college students' courage to pursue personal values and desire for achievement have been obviously enhanced, but their sense of social responsibility in choosing jobs has been relatively weakened. Their professional values have changed from "paying attention to society" to "paying attention to individuals", and gradually formed a reasonable utilitarian tendency value of "paying equal attention to justice and benefit" (taking into account both the collective and the individual). When choosing a job, they take development prospects, growth opportunities, salary and benefits and self-demand as the main factors. Under the negative influence of market economy and western culture, some students have established the wrong values of believing in money worship and extreme individualism, and in order to satisfy their career choices, they have resorted to unscrupulous means to breed serious individualism. College students' professional values show distinct personality characteristics in the * * * based on social standard and individual standard, which makes higher education pay attention to group education and individual education, highlights the characteristics of humanization, personalization and meticulous, and effectively helps students establish correct professional values.
2.2 The formation of college students' professional values has stages.
The formation of professional values is closely related to the cognitive level of professional life such as self-knowledge, self-orientation and self-design. In the third year of college, because students' professional values are vague and vacillating, they often regard remuneration as the most important professional value standard, hoping to find a well-paid job after graduation. This phenomenon will change with students' further understanding of the profession and the gradual internalization of the "three views" education. After the professional values of senior students are gradually determined, they will think about the relationship between career and self-life value, and pay attention to the development space and future prospects of career. From the professional point of view, the formation of college students' professional values has stages. The values of college students are in an unstable state of development. In this rapid and changeable process, schools need to strengthen vocational education and guide students to gradually establish correct and stable values.
2.3 The formation of college students' professional values is relatively stable.
Although professional values can be satisfied with the needs of a certain stage, new' professional values' will still be produced and determined. College students form their own professional values, which will remain stable without the influence and intervention of major events. All walks of life will carry out vocational education for employees, which is to strengthen and solidify the correct values and maintain their stability. As educators and employment instructors in colleges and universities, it is necessary to promote the "product" individuals trained by schools to adapt to the needs of the social market and have good stability.
3. University is an important period for the formation of professional values.
Professional values are an individual's attitude and inclination to engage in a certain profession, and also an individual's hope, desire and yearning for a certain profession. At present, Schwartz's four dimensions of universal values obtained through a large number of cross-cultural studies correspond to each other, namely, cultural openness (corresponding to internal values), conservatism (corresponding to external values), self-transcendence (corresponding to social values) and self-improvement (corresponding to prestige values). In other words, personal values are a special cognitive structure, which leads to similar professional values. The determination of college students' professional values will enable them to have a basic understanding of various professional values, adjust their professional mentality, and adhere to professional behavior, beliefs and understanding. College students' professional values determine their views on themselves, society and the future, and also affect their future. Therefore, it is very important to educate college students on their values.
4 career planning education is an important way to establish correct values
On the one hand, college students are worried about not finding a job; On the other hand, facing many employers, I don't know how to choose. These phenomena are largely related to the cultivation of college students' vocational interest and the lack of vocational education. Career planning education has been developed abroad for many years, and there are relatively perfect theories and systematic educational institutions. Domestic scholars, many universities and students themselves have gradually realized the importance of career planning. At present, some colleges and universities in China have also turned employment guidance institutions into career planning education institutions. Career planning education is to let college students set clear career development goals and career ideals, guide students to correctly understand their own personality characteristics, and effectively evaluate the gap between personal goals and reality, existing and potential resource advantages. Help students find new or potential career opportunities by positioning their own values in combination with reality. Career education has become an important way to guide college students to establish correct career values.
5 do a good job in career planning and establish correct professional values
5. 1 Adhere to the unity of self-worth and social value.
Career planning education in colleges and universities needs to combine the uniqueness and individuality of professional values, so that college students can find their own career ideals and goals from their own characteristics and advantages, and make future life planning from a professional perspective. When cultivating college students to choose a job, they should base themselves on their major and look at the society, take "love one line, do one line and love one line" as the basic attitude of career planning, play a role in different positions, and realize the organic combination and unity of personal value and social value. No matter in cities, villages, western regions and frontiers, no matter in state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, towns, joint ventures and private enterprises, the goal of college students' life value should be that their personal goals obey the social leading goals and adhere to the unity of self-value and social value.
5.2 Adhere to professional ethics education
In view of the current violation of industry laws and regulations in various industries, we should strengthen the education of students' professional ethics so that students can realize their professional ethics as soon as possible. In the education of professional values, colleges and universities should strengthen the education of values with the basic principles of collectivism and the socialist concept of honor and disgrace as the moral core. Advocate college students to volunteer to serve the west and new countryside, and cultivate more college students with social responsibility. Career planning education in colleges and universities can not only teach students knowledge and ability, but also teach them how to be a man. It is necessary for college students to understand that abiding by professional ethics is the basic character that a professional should have under the condition of market economy.
5.3 cultivate students' sense of cooperation and ability
Career planning education should make full use of college students' team activities, cultivate team spirit, and make college students realize the importance of unity and cooperation in specific activities. Colleges and universities should attract more successful cases of team entrepreneurship in education. For example, in 2004, at a symposium on enterprise talent demand, HR managers of foreign-funded enterprises such as Bi System (China) Co., Ltd. and Toyota Motor (China) Investment Co., Ltd. said, "We don't want top students in colleges and universities, because their personal ability is too strong and their ability to cooperate with others is poor, which will make it difficult for the whole team to cooperate. Enterprises are not looking for the best people, but looking for the most suitable people. What we want is a young man with good character and practicality, who has experienced team training, can cooperate and exchange needed goods, and knows how to trust and appreciate partners. It can be seen that cultivating students' team spirit is to improve their comprehensive ability to participate in competition. Only when future talents have the qualities of modesty, prudence, respect, care and unity can they achieve something and be recognized by society.
5.4 Establish and improve career planning education institutions.
Career planning is an iterative process, which needs constant adjustment and improvement. Career planning refers to the process of "establishing career goals, choosing career paths and taking actions and measures to achieve career goals according to personal circumstances and environment", which requires specialized institutions and professionals to carry out their work. In terms of educational content, students should be guided to adjust their professional values to meet the needs of social development. In the teaching process, it is necessary to improve students' enthusiasm and participation through case analysis, scenario simulation and role transposition, so that students can further correct their understanding through their own analysis. Career planning is not a simple employment guidance, let alone a simple preaching of correct values. Colleges and universities should establish relevant educational institutions and organize entrepreneurship training, career guidance, policy consultation, project demonstration and follow-up counseling for individuals and teams, so as to make college career planning education a systematic, scientific and practical career life guide. Effectively intervene incorrect professional values, form correct personal professional values, help students relieve employment pressure, improve their psychological endurance in choosing jobs, master basic employment strategies, choose the best career path, and realize personal and social values.
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