Since its establishment, the US Department of Energy has positioned BNL as a large-scale comprehensive research institution. Its four basic tasks are: conceiving, designing, building and operating complex and advanced user devices; Carry out long-term and high-risk scientific frontier basic research and applied research; Develop advanced technologies needed by the country and transfer them to other institutions and industrial sectors, as well as train a new generation of scientists and engineers; Improve the scientific spirit of the public.
After more than 50 years of development, BNL has three reactors, cyclotron, synchrotron radiation light source, and a large number of large-scale instruments and equipment such as high-field nuclear magnetic resonance vibrator, projection electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and positron emission tomography. It initiated research in the fields of nuclear technology, high-energy physics and nanotechnology, and also carried out research in the fields of biology, chemistry, medicine, materials science, environmental science and energy science and technology. The strong supporting ability of scientific instrument group and interdisciplinary environment make BNL have strong ability in developing emerging and marginal sciences and breaking through major new technologies, and have achieved many remarkable achievements and won many Nobel Prizes, making it a famous large-scale comprehensive scientific research base. BGRR graphite research reactor 1950 started operation and 1968 was retired.
HFBR Qualcomm beam reactor:/kloc-0 started operation in 1965, and/kloc-0 was decommissioned in 1999.
The medical research reactor BMRR: 1959 started operation and was retired in 2000.
Proton Synchrotron Cosmic Accelerator:/kloc-0 was completed in 948,/kloc-0 began to operate in 953, and/kloc-0 stopped in 966.
The alternating gradient synchrotron AGS: 1960 started to run and later became the injector of RHIC.
The superconducting accelerator Isabelle: 1977 started construction, but it was stopped due to technical problems, and its tunnel was later used for RHIC.
The relativistic heavy ion collider RHIC: 10 was prefabricated and put into operation in 2000.
Synchrotron radiation light source NSLS: 1978 started construction, vacuum ultraviolet outer ring 1984 started operation, and X ring 1986 started operation.
Synchrotron radiation light source NSLS-II: Construction began in 2008, and it is planned to be put into operation in 20 12.
Deep ultraviolet free electron laser DUV- free electron laser: 1995 started construction, and Qualcomm fluence reactor HFBR was completed in 2002.
The neutron flux of HFBR (Qualcomm Beam Reactor) does not reach the maximum value in the core, but reaches the maximum value outside the core, and the neutron beam can be used by the experimenters at any time through the beam outlet at the tangent of the core. 1965101October 3 1 day, HFBR realized the self-sustaining chain reaction for the first time. The design power of HFBR is 40 MW, and the neutron flux is1.6×1015/cm2/s, which is 50 orders of magnitude higher than that of BGRR. The power of HFBR increased to 60 MW at 1982, and decreased to 30 MW at the later stage. After more than 30 years of operation, HFBR, as a reliable neutron source, has created an enviable record in its use and was retired permanently in 1999. With the development of accelerator technology, in order to accelerate protons to higher energy, BNL 1960 built an alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS) with a diameter of 843 feet, and the energy reached the design goal of 33 GeV, which was used to accelerate protons and heavy ions to high energy and carry out physical research. At the initial stage of its operation, the maximum beam intensity of the accelerator is 300 billion protons/pulse, which is 30 times higher than the original design. By 1986, the current intensity reached10/2 protons/pulse, which was 1800 times higher than the design index. Scientists used AGS to carry out physical experiments, and four of them won the Nobel Prize in Physics. The Space Radiation Research Laboratory (NSRL) of NASA uses AGS-induced heavy ion beams for radiobiological research.
AGS is a fixed target experiment, because of technical reasons, it is impossible to accelerate the beam collision. It was not until the proposal of building two proton cross storage rings with superconducting magnets was put forward that beam collision became possible. 1On September 28th, 978, the US Department of Energy funded the construction of NSLS (National Synchrotron Light Source) in BNL. NSLS is divided into two storage rings. The small ring is a vacuum ultraviolet outer ring (0.8 GeV), built in 1984, with about 25 beam lines, mainly providing ultraviolet, visible, infrared and some X-rays. The big ring is called X ring (2.5 GeV) and was built in 1986. It has about 60 beam lines and produces X-rays with higher energy than the vacuum ultraviolet ring. NSLS operates 24 hours a day, producing world-class light beams, and can carry out more than 80 different experiments at the same time, providing important scientific research means for 2,500 scientists in more than 400 academic, industrial and government research institutions every year. Their numerous research projects produce about 650 papers every year, of which more than 125 papers are published in major academic journals.
In addition to NSLS light source, BNL also has a large number of large-scale instruments and equipment, such as high-field nuclear magnetic resonance vibrator, 30kV projection electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, positron emission tomography scanner, cyclotron for generating radioactive tracer, etc. This makes BNL have a strong ability to support multidisciplinary research. Design and rendering of NSLSII
After 20 years of continuous improvement, the performance of NSLS has actually reached its limit. To maintain and improve the enthusiasm and number of NSLS users, we must continue to provide them with scientific needs at present and in the future, and the development of new equipment that can provide higher average brightness and flux has to be put on the agenda. This new device, called NSLS-II, will retain the interdisciplinary nature that constitutes the characteristics of current NSLS research, and at the same time provide new capabilities to meet the further requirements of users.
NSLS-II still belongs to the third generation synchrotron radiation light source, and its undulator adopts brand-new design and processing technology, which can achieve stronger X-ray superposition effect, so it can reduce the energy level of electron clusters and reduce the orbit accordingly, and the X-ray brightness generated will be 10000 times higher than that of NSLS, making it an advanced medium-energy electron storage ring (3 GeV). The design of NSLS-II started in 2005, and the construction began in 2008. It is planned to put into production in 20 12.
NSLS-II will bring new scientific opportunities to BNL, and the combination of its various capabilities will have a great impact on major scientific research projects in the United States in the next few decades, such as the structural genome of the National Institutes of Health and the genome of the Ministry of Energy and Life. Greatly improve the experimental ability to study condensed matter physics and material science; Provide a wide range of nano-resolution detectors to meet the country's rapidly growing nano-science plan; These research projects cover a wide range of different disciplines and research fields, such as life science, materials science, chemical science, nano-science, earth science and environmental science.
On March 23rd, 2009, when Steven Chu, the US Secretary of Energy, visited BNL, he announced that he would invest $654.38+84 billion in the laboratory, mainly for the research of NSLS-II. Chu Diwen emphasized that the leading position of science and technology is crucial to the economic prosperity of the United States. This project can not only help the short-term economic recovery, but also make strategic investment in basic research representing the future of the country. DUV-FEL (deep ultraviolet free electron laser) is also a research platform device, which was designed and built in 1995 and completed in 2002. DUV- free electron laser uses the linear accelerator of NSLS to accelerate electrons along the linear accelerator, and then the electrons excite magnets (called inserts) through sinusoidal trajectories, and at the same time couple with the light emitted by the seed laser to generate high-energy light with strong pulses. Because this light is extremely stable, each pulse lasts less than a millionth of a second. The short and intense light enables researchers to quickly capture the transient molecular changes of chemical reactions.