The main reason is that students are not attentive to life, not good at observation, not good at conception and not good at expression. The material of writing comes from life. Only by observing life can students' compositions be "meaningful" and rich in content.
In practice, the author thinks that the best training method is to use "questions" to guide the goal, that is, to determine the scope and object of observation according to the process of composition training, and then to carefully design a series of "questions" in a certain order and focus, so that students can consciously trace back to the source in observation, think while observing, and record until they find out the problems one by one. Under the guidance of these questions, students will unconsciously gradually develop good observation habits and master the essentials of observation, thus accumulating a large number of composition materials.
In this way, when you write an article, you write your own words, and the articles you write naturally have written content. This is the first observation in teaching.
Conception is the process of cultivating students' thinking and developing ability, and it is also an important step to learn the layout of articles. Having observed data does not mean that you can write a good article. You must also write a good article through clever conception and careful tailoring.
However, this is really not easy for primary school students, because it is not only a question of "speaking in an orderly way", but also a question of "speaking rationally". Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, although there are rules and regulations, there is no express provision. However, according to the imitation psychological characteristics of primary school students, there are still ways to lead students to the "road" of conception by borrowing typical articles about people, things and things and turning abstract and difficult compositions into knowledge.
For example, when training to write scenery, you can use the article "Beautiful Xiaoxing 'anling" as a model essay. This article has a general structure, first writing Xiaoxing 'anling, and then describing the different scenery of Xiaoxing 'anling in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. The structure of the article is clear and easy for students to master. If you train people to write, you should quote Edison's articles to introduce typical cases to shape people. Appearance and heart are the character, and finally praise the quality point.
With the guidance of the above-mentioned typical articles, students will be properly trained in the ingenious ideas of flexible layout after getting started. The guiding ideology of this step of training is "show first, then be clever", and the specific step is to write an outline or draft with your heart.
After repeated training, students can gradually master the general rules of conception, thus completing the conception of composition. At the same time, according to the age characteristics of children's thinking development, different forms of sports training at different ages should be determined.
Specifically, teachers can cultivate students' imagination fluency, flexibility and originality by creating phenomenon compositions and fairy tale compositions among junior students. Middle-grade students mainly observe compositions.
Teachers can arrange sketch training for animals, natural scenery, buildings and people's movements, dialogues, appearances, etc., so that students can obtain rich and vivid perceptual representations and help them "screen" typical representations from rich and colorful perceptual representations, thus cultivating the purpose, organization and accuracy of observation. Starting from senior three, we should focus on cultivating students' abstract thinking.
Its practice and training should shift from observing composition to practical composition that accurately expresses needs. Teachers can determine all kinds of interesting topics according to the needs of social and family interpersonal communication, and let students write narrative, explanatory, practical and reading notes with clear purposes, so as to cultivate students' inductive and deductive reasoning ability and divergent thinking ability, and cultivate the pertinence, logicality, flexibility and originality of thinking.
For primary school students, teachers should also pay attention to the training of oral and written expression. It is also the focus of composition training.
If you want to make your words clear and express your meaning clearly, you should encourage students to write what they should say. Students should be instructed to make sense and write clearly. The training steps are: speaking before writing, reading after writing, and correcting while reading.
Through repeated training, students can make things clear, express their meaning clearly and write the object accurately. In short, in the expression training, we will combine speaking, writing, reading and correcting, and adopt the mode of "speaking, writing, reading and correcting" to train students from fluent understanding to accurate image to vivid expression. Through repeated tempering, we will develop students' thinking ability and language ability, so that students can initially "speak in words".
At this point, through observation, conception and expression training in composition teaching, the composition written by students has "order", "reality", "reason" and "text". In terms of educating children, I have explored the following effective educational methods to teach children to write compositions.
There are many misunderstandings in our current writing education: (1) Teaching methods artificially set rules and regulations for writing. Originally, children write down what they usually see, hear and think completely, smoothly and clearly, which is a good composition. But before a child writes a composition, the teacher will say a set of writing theories, such as conception, material selection, details, beginning and end, and so on. (2) Do not pay attention to the education of children's thinking methods. Writing a composition is, in a sense, writing thoughts and ideas. Adults write adults' thoughts, children write children's thoughts, and our education is mainly cramming, which restricts the development of children's thinking; (3) It is wrong to estimate the writing ability of primary school students and artificially limit the number of words of primary school students. For example, it is stipulated that the composition written by children should be within how many words, and the composition selection also indicates 300-word composition and 400-word composition. In fact, if you write a lot of words, don't limit the number of words your child writes. Didn't the newspaper report some examples of eight or nine-year-old children writing novels? When my daughter was in the fourth grade, she wrote a novel of more than 5000 words in three days, which was not bad.
(4) It is a very important misunderstanding that children don't pay attention to teaching them to write when they are young, and then give them "make up" in junior high school and high school. Writing is the same as language. The older the primary school is, the faster it will be. (5) Educating children to write a composition should start when they are young, because at this time, children are naive and have no restrictions on rules and regulations. They will write whatever you ask them to write. The first is to cultivate children's causal logic thinking mode by using descriptive educational methods.
Everything happens for a reason, and every point of view should be supported by examples and explanations. This is the law of the development and existence of things and cultivates children's causal logic analysis ability.
2. What are the compositions in the writing order? This is the embodiment of the comprehensive level of Chinese. But for many students (including me at the beginning), I always feel that the composition is very profound and difficult to write. Actually, it's not. I think it is not difficult to write a good composition as long as you pay attention to the following points and persevere, and often practice writing.
The first is the accumulation of words. Writing requires good words and sentences to be literary and attractive. An article, no matter how wonderful it is without good words and witty sentences, is also dull and tasteless. How can we attract people and make them appreciate it? You wrote this article for nothing. In the usual study, Teacher Li of our class pays great attention to this aspect of education and guidance. I also pay great attention to this when reading articles and books.
The second aspect is observation. Writing a composition is not confined in a room, but observed and experienced in real life. Because life is the source of writing! Some people, he went out to "observe", just glanced at it and ignored the details. Therefore, the composition written is just an outline, and there are no main points or details at all. Therefore, when observing, we should pay attention to it and be careful, so as to write a unique and good composition. I remember when I went out, my father often pointed and asked questions to get my attention and thinking.
Third, read more extracurricular books. This is an important channel for accumulating words and the key to writing a composition. Including books ordered at home and various books in bookstores. As long as I have time, I will go to the bookstore to read all kinds of extracurricular books. Of course, you can't write a perfect composition just by reading. The key is to accumulate, remember and use it well. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of "serving others and serving me", so that when writing a composition, we can do whatever we want and write freely.
3. Steps and methods of writing —— A brief introduction to the notes of the writing training method of Shen Shi.
One: The purpose of writing is communication.
People need to communicate with each other, and communication must have certain forms, such as speaking, body movements or writing.
The purpose of communication is to let others know what you want to express, and this content is in your mind.
The general procedure of communication is as follows:
Xiao Ming communicates with Xiaolong, and Xiao Ming knows well. This content may be an image or an abstract thought and feeling. Now he wants to tell this to Xiaolong. He wrote it in written language. Xiaolong read the sentences or articles written by Xiao Ming, and the contents also appeared in his mind. If the content in Xiaolong's mind is similar or even the same as that in Xiaoming's mind, Xiaolong will understand Xiaoming and the purpose of communication will be achieved. If the content in Xiaolong's mind is different from Xiaoming's, Xiaolong will not understand Xiaoming's meaning and the purpose of communication will not be achieved.
Now, for example:
The teacher wrote a sentence according to the content in his mind: Xiaoqing stood up.
Let the students read this sentence and something will appear in their minds. Ask the students to close their eyes and see what appears in their minds. Then, let the students make the contents in their minds and show them to the teacher to see if they are the same as those in the teacher's mind. On the whole, there should be no problem.
Then make the following sentences:
1: He is playing.
He is playing football.
He shouted, "Hey!" Fly your right foot and kick the ball to the gate.
Here, generally speaking, the sentences 1 and 2 are prone to different situations. For example, in the sentence of 1, the teacher has three sentences in his mind, but he wrote' He is playing'. Students may think of playing basketball or skipping rope after reading this sentence. Of course, you can't say the sentences misunderstood by students, so the first sentence is easy to be misunderstood. The second sentence is the same.
But after reading the third sentence, the content in students' minds will be consistent with that in teachers' minds, and there will be no misunderstanding, thus achieving the purpose of communication.
Then, why are sentences 1 and 2 misunderstood, while the third sentence is not? The reason is that the first two sentences are not Confucian behavior sentences and are not specific; The third sentence is a Confucian behavior sentence, which is written in great detail.
The teacher asked the students to write specific compositions, which means to write "Confucian behavior sentences".
So what is the behavior sentence of Confucianism? We will explain it in "Two".
Friend, are you inspired? Yes, that's great! You are my bosom friend. No? Well, that's all right. Keep reading. I promise you, you will get a lot.
Two: how to develop things and write concrete?
In writing training, narrative is the most basic style, and writing practice should start with learning narrative. What did you write in the narrative? As the name implies, it is writing. How do we write? It depends on how we do things, how we do things and how we write. How do we do things? When we do things with Confucian behavior, we must write things with Confucian behavior sentences.
1: What is Confucian behavior?
We do things with Confucian behavior. There are six kinds of Confucian behaviors: action, seeing, speaking, hearing, feeling and thinking.
2. What is the behavior sentence of Confucianism?
Sentences that express Confucian behavior are called Confucian behavior sentences. We use Confucian behavior sentences to write things. There are six kinds of behavior sentences of Confucianism: action sentences, seeing sentences, saying sentences, listening sentences, feeling sentences and thinking sentences.
3. Confucian behavior sentence:
A: Action sentence: 1): He turned his head. He is standing on the ground.
B: See sentence: 1): He saw Xiaolong standing on the ground. She saw a pile of books on the windowsill.
C: Sentence: 1): He said, "Hey, don't go." 2): Xiaoming sings: "Beautiful grassland ..."
D: Hear the sentence: 1) Hear the teacher shout: "Sit down!" He heard a dog barking.
E: Feeling sentence: 1): I feel hungry. 2): Xiao Ming thinks he has a good personality.
F: I think: 1) He thinks: I'm so thirsty, I want to drink water. 2) I think: This flower is so beautiful that I want to buy it.
4.lianhua:
Xiao Ming was walking when he saw a red flower among the trees by the roadside. He thinks it's beautiful. He thought, I want to take it home and put it in a vase. He walked to the front of the flower (action sentence), broke the flower (action sentence), and then left with the flower (action sentence).
Discussion: The above is Xiao Ming's practice of picking flowers. In this case, there are action behavior (3), seeing behavior (1), feeling behavior (1) and thinking behavior (1). In order to do this, a * * * used six behaviors of Confucianism, so when we wrote this, we used six behaviors of Confucianism.
Note that the first and last sentences don't count.
So we need to expand and write things in detail, just write the actions in the right order.
4. How to write a composition? 1, a good article comes from life, write what you see and hear; Write your own personal experience; Write your true feelings, so that the article will be vivid and touching.
2. Writing is not accomplished overnight. But in the face of today's exam-oriented education, we might as well learn some skills.
For example, recite more paragraphs at ordinary times, with a good beginning and a good ending. To prepare for the exam.
3. Read more, study hard and learn from it. Good articles, good words and sentences, learn to accumulate.
4. Create a novel and unique article title. Sometimes you can get twice the result with half the effort.
5. Keeping a diary can not only practice writing, but also accumulate materials. 6. Learn to quote famous sayings and immortal poems to make your article more convincing.
7. Usage of good words and sentences. Good words and sentences used in the article can add color to your article and sublimate it. But it should be just right, not too much, too much will appear flashy.
8. apply what you have learned, that is, the ability to change, and change with the same. 9, close to nature, go out for a walk more during the holidays, see more and learn more.
10, being close to nature can also make your collected materials more colorful. References:
I created it myself.
5. Five ways to guide students to write a good composition. 1. In the fast-paced learning atmosphere of children, it is unrealistic to spend a lot of time practicing writing every day, especially in the late senior high school. Because of time constraints, Chinese classes are often replaced by other subjects, and writing exercises are correspondingly reduced. At this time, the practice of text fragmentation shows its value. This approach does not need to write an article, or even write a 300-word short story, as long as.
Second, the title, as we all know, should be "crowned with a pig's belly and a leopard's tail" when writing an article, and the composition should be titled. Students should be fully aware of the importance of titles. Many students struggle with the topic every time, but they still can't grasp the main points. In students' compositions, the importance of topics only increases, and topics are like a person's appearance. Only when it looks at it for the first time can Kempin listen to him calmly.
Besides, the teacher corrects the papers quickly. Take a suitable topic, and you can firmly grasp the eye of the marking teacher at first sight. Third, write the beginning and end of the composition, first of all, practice the beginning and end! Write the beginning of a composition, including the title and the first paragraph.
Many students don't know what to say after seeing the composition topic, which is difficult to write and wastes a lot of time. If you practice the beginning every time you do a paper and master the "getting up" practice at the beginning of the composition, you will not be afraid of not getting up during the exam.
You should practice "Leopard Tail" after you are familiar with "Phoenix Head". The ending can't be trained according to the topic like the beginning, but we can learn from excellent articles and see how others end and how they are used by me, so that we can write the beginning and end beautifully. This composition is already half the battle.
"There is a lot of plagiarism in the world", plagiarism is not blind plagiarism, but learning from the advantages of others, which can be useful to yourself. Fourth, style In addition to these, it is very important for students to understand style.
Narrative, argumentative and lyric prose are written in different ways, and their skills are completely different. Many students who are studying composition still can't distinguish the style, which directly leads to the "four unlike" of the composition, that is, they don't speak well, don't make sense, and don't express their feelings. You can read the composition book, but you can't read it all the time.
The composition was written by his peers, and the level is really limited. After reading too many composition books, children can't escape the childish environment, and what they write will always be like patchwork. Read, read those valuable and profound things. If you really don't know what to read to your child, you can show him some biographies of celebrities, which not only broadens your horizons, but also has composition materials.
6. The first step in writing a composition, how to write a composition?
First of all, you can clearly express your thoughts and feelings, and then you can express your best words in your composition. On this basis, if you can have some novel ideas or novel expressions, you can use them appropriately. You can't just go hunting
Write your own real feelings and opinions when writing chapters. Advocate writing something in everyone's heart, something that everyone doesn't write. "Only what you have experienced, write to have true feelings. Because there is such a true feeling, it is something that I have thought about and experienced after writing it. Such things are very valuable things in life, and writing them will win readers.
Second, a variety of composition writing skills:
First, narrative-four-paragraph enhanced description method
First, "choose to go deep": describe people, things and things in detail, not just mention them; It is better to describe a few things in detail than to mention a lot hastily. For example, if someone is fat, don't mention such unimportant things as his long hair.
2. "Make good use of metaphors": use "For example, he is very tall. His extraordinary height almost touches the ceiling, and even the longest bed is not big enough. It is simply a personal tower. 」
Third, "idioms and proverbs": can enrich the article. Adding idioms or proverbs at appropriate times can make the finishing point. Of course, remember not to overdo it. There is no other way to add idioms to the whole article, but to recite idioms, proverbs, celebrity quotations, meditation, poems and so on.
Fourth, "make good use of examples": there are many explanations, so it is better to give an actual example. For example, after describing how much Xiao Mingcan ate, I immediately gave an example: "Once, Xiao Ming and I went to the night market after dinner, and found that he ate three plates of stinky tofu, a bowl of pig blood soup, a cup of mung bean paste and a pack of egg cakes. Oh, my God, when he got home, his mother asked him if he wanted to have a midnight snack. He nodded and said, "OK, OK, I'm hungry again! 』」
In this way, the article must be much more vivid and interesting!
B. Argument-explanation syllogism
1. The characteristic of the explanatory text is to explain what the topic is. Take "my troubles" as an example to explain what my troubles are.
2. Explanatory text can be divided into three parts: solving problems, explaining and summarizing expectations.
Third, the first paragraph is to solve the problem, that is, to roughly explain the topic, give examples, and associate it all around. Taking this topic as an example, it is necessary to explain what "worry" is, what different troubles different people have, and what influence it will have.
Fourth, the second paragraph is explanation, which should be explained in depth according to your own ideas, viewpoints, experiences and solutions. It can be divided into several items according to your personal opinion. Take this topic as an example, we might as well break it down into several small paragraphs to elaborate. After explaining, don't forget to add solutions and strategies, such as:
What worries me most is playing the piano. Every time I practice ... I think I have to do this ... in order to overcome this "sound barrier". (First worry and solution strategy)
Secondly, the application problem of mathematics, for me. The teacher suggested that I ... (the second worry and solution strategy)
The last small worry is that the height is too short. I'm in the sixth grade. I can't believe it. After seeing the doctor several times, I decided. (The third worry and solution strategy) "
In the last paragraph, talk about your thoughts, feelings and expectations.
On the practical four-paragraph theory of text
First, there is a filial piety teacher, which means that children in China must be full of love and hate. Love is: this is our unique social system in China, the beginning of social welfare system and the best demonstration of social division of labor; What I hate is that this kind of essay is the easiest to flow, the same, and there is no place. However, many people have written about this "sour" topic, but not many people can write it well.
Second, the biggest taboo of essays is "insincere". Say something you don't necessarily think is right, and cobble together an unintelligible article. It's about thinking with your brain and really thinking from your own point of view.
Third, practice the four-stage theory:
(1) Problem solving: What does this topic mean? Need I explain more? What are the sayings in ancient and modern China and abroad? What idioms, proverbs and allusions are there?
(2) Reflection: What is the status quo of the general public and myself? Are there any good examples at all times and in all countries?
(3) Strategy: How to practice this topic? Can I do that? What can be done?
(4) Expectation: What do I expect from this topic? How do you feel? Do you have any heartfelt words? Who can you quote to encourage yourself and become the motto of continuing to work hard?
Fourthly, this four-paragraph article on law is stable and rich in structure. If some ingenious ideas are added to the connection of large sections, people will feel that Kan Kan is talking, and some history or allusions will be more interesting. But what's the last step? It is to have "sincerity, truthfulness and true feelings" behind it.