Sir isaac newton (1643 65438+1October 4th-1727 March 3rd1), chairman of the Royal Society, a famous British physicist, is an encyclopedic "all-rounder" and author of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and Optics.

He described gravity and three laws of motion in the paper "Laws of Nature" published by 1687. These descriptions laid the scientific view of the physical world in the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering.

By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's law of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the movements of ground objects and celestial bodies all follow the same natural law; It provides strong theoretical support for the sun-centered theory and promotes the scientific revolution.

In mechanics, Newton expounded the conservation principle of momentum and angular momentum and put forward Newton's law of motion. In optics, he invented reflecting telescope, and based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum, he developed the color theory. He also systematically expressed the law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

In mathematics, Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz shared the honor of developing calculus. He also proved the generalized binomial theorem and put forward Newton's method to approximate the zero point of function, which contributed to the study of power series.

Von Neumann

John von neumann (1903~ 1957), originally from Hungary, holds a doctorate in mathematics from Budapest University. One of the most important mathematicians in the 20th century, and one of the scientific generalists in the fields of modern computer, game theory, nuclear weapons, biochemical weapons, etc., was called "the father of computer" and "the father of game theory" by later generations. ?

He taught at the University of Berlin and the University of Hamburg successively. 1930 went to the United States and later became an American citizen. He is a professor at Princeton University and Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, and a member of the American Atomic Energy Commission. Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences.

In his early days, he was famous for his research on operator theory, vibration theory, quantum theory and set theory, and founded von Neumann algebra. During World War II, he contributed to the development of the first atomic bomb. It provides a basic scheme for the development of electronic digital computers.

Game Theory and Economic Behavior, co-authored with oskar morgenstern, 1944, is the foundation work of game theory. In his later years, he studied automata theory and wrote a book "Computer and Human Brain", which made an accurate analysis of human brain and computer system.

His main works are Mathematical Basis of Quantum Mechanics (1926), Computer and Human Brain (1958), Operator Method of Classical Mechanics, Game Theory and Economic Behavior (1944), and Continuous Geometry (1.

Go Seigen

Wu Qingyuan (19 14—20 14), formerly known as Wu Quan, is the promoter and practitioner of the world Weiqi revolution and is known as the "chess saint".

19 14 June 12 (May 19th of the lunar calendar) was born in a noble family in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, and then his family moved to Beijing. In his early years, he showed great talent in Weiqi and was known as "Weiqi prodigy".

1 1 became a chess player of the northern warlords Duan men at the age of, and often went to Beijing Central Park (now Zhongshan Park) Jin Yuxuan to play chess. /kloc-moved to Japan at the age of 0/4 and started his professional chess career.

1933, Wu Qingyuan, who was only 19 years old, used his "new layout" against the celebrities in this silver shop, turning a new page in the history of Weiqi. 1936 became a Japanese citizen.

From 1939 to 1956, he defeated all the super-class players in his contemporaries in the cross-piece, downgraded all the top players in Japanese chess at that time, and created the "Wu Qingyuan era" in Weiqi, and was known as "Showa Chess Saint".

In the theory of Go, a new layout idea and Wu Qingyuan formula represented by avalanche inverse are put forward.

In his later years, he focused on promoting backwardness, internationalization and development of Weiqi in China. He also put forward the 2 1 century Weiqi-Liuhe chess with his lifelong understanding and integration of China ancient culture, which sublimated the artistry of Weiqi and revealed its lofty realm and vicissitudes.

20 1 141October 30th, Wu Qingyuan died in Odahara, Kanagawa Prefecture.