1, Mars exploration mission Tian Wen-1 successfully landed on Mars.
In May, 20021,Tianwen-1 successfully landed in the pre-selected landing zone in the southern part of the Martian utopia plain, and China successfully landed on Mars for the first time. The task adopts the four-stage series deceleration technical route of "pneumatic deceleration-parachute deceleration-dynamic deceleration-landing buffer", and establishes the design iterative improvement process and multidisciplinary comprehensive optimization method, which improves the safe landing ability of the system in response to fault conditions and entry conditions.
2. China Space Station and core module were successfully launched, and Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft were successfully launched and docked with Tianhe core module.
On April 29th, 20021,the Tianhe core module of China Space Station was launched from Hainan Wenchang Space Launch Site, and it entered the scheduled orbit accurately, and the mission was successful. The successful launch of Tianhe core module marks that China's space station construction has entered the stage of full implementation, laying a solid foundation for the follow-up tasks.
3. Artificial synthesis from carbon dioxide to starch
Starch is the most important component of grain and an important industrial raw material. Ma Yanhe, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, reported that the artificial starch synthesis pathway (ASAP) consists of 1 1 core reactions, which coupled chemical catalysis and biocatalysis, and realized the artificial total synthesis of starch molecules from carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the laboratory.
4. The Chang 'e-5 lunar sample reveals the mystery of lunar evolution.
Li, Yang Wei, Lin, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, China Academy of Sciences, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. Using the ultra-high resolution dating and isotope analysis techniques established in recent ten years, the precise geochronology, rock geochemistry and magma water content of the basalt samples from the Chang 'e-5 moon were studied.
5. Reveal the mechanism of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) escaping antiviral drugs.
The continuous emergence of COVID-19 variants poses a severe challenge to the existing antiviral methods such as vaccines and neutralizing antibodies, and it is urgent to develop broad-spectrum drugs that can effectively deal with various variants. During the life cycle, a series of transcription and replication enzymes of the virus are assembled into a "transcription and replication complex" super molecular machines, which is responsible for the whole process of virus transcription and replication. It is highly conserved among various mutants and is the core target of developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
6. The 500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST) captured the world's largest fast radio burst sample.
Fast radio burst (FRB) is the brightest explosion phenomenon in the radio band in the universe. FRB 12 1 102 is the first repeated rapid radio burst known to mankind. Academician Li Yong of the National Astronomical Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully captured the extremely active period of FRB12102 by using the 500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST), and the most intense period reached 65,438 per hour.
And 7, realize that large-scale preparation of the high-performance fiber lithium ion battery.
How to design new structures (such as manufacturing fiber lithium-ion batteries) to meet the requirements of high integration and flexible development of electronic products is a big challenge in the field of lithium-ion batteries. Peng Huisheng and Chen Peining of Fudan University found a unique hyperbolic cotangent function relationship between the internal resistance and the length of fiber lithium-ion batteries, that is, the internal resistance does not increase with the increase of the length, but first decreases and then tends to be stable.
8. The quantum walk of Zu Chongzhi, a programmable 2D 62-bit superconducting processor.
Quantum walking is a quantum mechanical simulation of classical random walking, and it is a tool to realize quantum simulation, quantum search algorithm and even generalized quantum calculation.
9. The self-powered soft robot successfully challenged the Mariana Trench.
Deep-sea robots and equipment need high-strength metal pressure-resistant shell or pressure compensation system to protect the internal electromechanical system. Tiefeng Li, Zhejiang University and so on. Bionic inspiration was extracted from the physiological characteristics of the deep-sea lionfish "skull scattered and fused into soft tissue", and the internal mechanism of soft robot functional device destruction and driving failure under extreme pressure in deep sea was revealed. The method of dispersing hard devices into soft matrix to adjust internal stress and the manufacturing method of electric-driven artificial muscle fusion suitable for deep-sea low temperature and high pressure environment are put forward.
10. Reveal the origin of bird migration route and the key genes of long-distance migration.
"How do migratory creatures find their migration routes?" It has always been a topic of widespread concern in society and academia, and it is also one of the most challenging scientific issues in Science magazine 125. Zhan Xiangjiang, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. Based on the satellite tracking data and genome information of 12 years, the research system of arctic peregrine falcon migration was established. It is found that peregrine falcons mainly use five routes to cross Eurasia, and peregrine falcons in the west migrate in a short distance, while peregrine falcons in the east migrate in a long distance.