Edit | Wang Yanchun
"Anxiety of scientific and technological innovation" is giving birth to new competition between cities and regions.
From the Sino-US trade war to the U.S. crackdown on Huawei, the discussion about the chip pain and the shortcomings of core technology has spread the atmosphere of "scientific and technological innovation anxiety" from the official to the private sector, which is reflected in the fact that most people are aware of the urgency of scientific and technological innovation in China. Technology and innovation are not only the anxiety of enterprises and research institutions, but also the anxiety of regional and urban development. According to a survey by Caijing reporter, the national innovation center or regional innovation highland will be the core of future economic zone development. Around this core, urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas will gradually become the integration subjects of regional innovation centers and national innovation centers. The ability of scientific and technological innovation has gradually become a decisive factor in regional and urban competition.
Recently, the information released by China's Ministry of Science and Technology shows that up to now, China has initially formed a collaborative innovation pattern with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta as the core. At the same time, the T-shaped layout of the vertical coastal "innovation belt" in six provinces and cities such as Tianjin, Shandong and Jiangsu and the horizontal "innovation belt" in the Yangtze River in Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei is gradually taking shape. 10 released at the end of 2020, "Research Report on China Urban Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecological Index" also shows that among all cities, Shenzhen still leads in many indicators of innovation and entrepreneurship ecology; The ecological index of urban innovation and entrepreneurship that maintains a high GDP growth rate and volume is outstanding, and there is a catch-up trend among cities, especially Qingdao, Xi and Hefu. Cities with more enterprises above designated size, unicorn enterprises and high-tech enterprises and cities that can release more application scenarios for innovative entrepreneurs perform better in the classification of industrial subjects.
Yao Jingyuan, former chief economist of the National Bureau of Statistics, spokesperson and special researcher of the State Council Counselor's Office, told Caijing that "the regions and cities where the development of science and technology innovation industries is leading at present all have some * * * characteristics. First, these regions and cities realize that innovation is the primary productive force and the talent market is the primary resource. The government has made every effort to introduce measures to create a good business environment for innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises, including policy environment and incubation environment. Second, these regions and cities realized that the blind pursuit of GDP was outdated and turned to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation in an all-round way. "
At the same time, several experts interviewed by the reporter believe that it is difficult to achieve a few core technologies of "sticking the neck" through scattered scientific and technological innovations in various regions, but it is necessary to raise the strength of the whole country and create a coordination and overall planning mechanism similar to version 2.0 of "two bombs and one satellite" at the national level.
Faced with the "anxiety of scientific and technological innovation" caused by the lack of some core technologies in China, in recent years, many local governments have formulated corresponding development plans, aiming at regional scientific and technological centers and innovative cities, in order to alleviate the anxiety in competition. To a great extent, the new round of regional competition and urban competition is increasingly reflected in the competition of high-tech industries. In the process of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, local governments compete for scientific and technological resources, innovative industries and high-quality population. Regardless of first-tier cities, new first-tier cities or second-tier cities, technological innovation is regarded as the best choice for high-quality development and overtaking in corners.
Take Qingdao as an example. Since September 2020 alone, Qingdao has held high-end academic exchanges such as the annual meeting of China Association for Science and Technology, the World Industrial Internet Industry Conference and the 2020 Qingdao Innovation Festival, and built a platform around the core elements of the industry such as technology, capital and talents. In the field of blockchain, the report "2020 China Blockchain City Innovation and Development Index" shows that Chongqing, Chengdu and Guizhou rank first in the country in terms of policy support for blockchain industry. 10 year 10 On October 29th, Chengdu held the 2020 Chengdu Global Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fair-the first international blockchain industry Expo, which showed Chengdu's determination to seize the highland of related industries in the blockchain field. It is reported that in the field of semiconductor science and technology that China attaches great importance to today, Shanghai has become a "leader" in this field, and has been constantly carrying out scientific research and innovation to challenge the high-end mask aligner field. ...
Kang Jia, former director of the Institute of Fiscal Science of the Ministry of Finance and president of Huaxia Institute of New Supply Economics, told Caijing reporter, "Up to now, Shenzhen, as a national independent innovation demonstration zone, has carried forward the spirit of emancipating the mind and daring to try, and has become a climate in the scientific and technological innovation industry. Zhongguancun in Beijing, Zhangjiang in Shanghai, Optics Valley in Wuhan and Jiangbei New District in Nanjing also have the ambition to promote independent innovation. However, we also have to admit that the success of the development of independent innovation zones depends on the difficulty of reform and the formation of the general climate. Sometimes, there may be intentional flowering and unintentional flowering. "
Yao Jingyuan believes that in the field of scientific and technological innovation industries, in the past two years, in addition to first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, new first-tier cities such as Hefei, Wuhan, Xi 'an and Chengdu have also done well and sprung up. Among them, relying on China University of Science and Technology and other institutions of higher learning, Hefei's scientific and technological innovation has risen rapidly and has great development potential; The level of higher education and scientific research in Wuhan is at the forefront of the country, and Wuhan Optics Valley may become a world-class new technology development zone. Xi 'an has a good basic condition and is in the forefront of the country in terms of preferential policies for scientific research talents. Chengdu's relevant measures in the fields of industrial incubation, innovation and entrepreneurship are worthy of attention, and these fields also have great room for development.
The competitive anxiety of local governments is also reflected in the competition for high-level talents.
It can be seen from the high-level talent demand information released by Hefei on June 29, 2020 that the industries that need jobs include integrated circuits, new display, new energy, new generation information technology, modern agriculture, advanced manufacturing, biochemistry, energy conservation and environmental protection, new materials, intelligent voice and artificial intelligence, smart home appliances, modern service industry and so on. On the morning of June 24th, 2020, 10, the matchmaking meeting of high-end talents (projects) of "Special Action for Recruiting Talents in 2020" of Henan Recruiting Talents Conference kicked off in Zhengzhou Convention and Exhibition Center. The event * * * collected 752 high-end talents (projects), and the conference opened a "green channel" and a "comprehensive service window" for talent introduction, and handled the procedures for introducing high-level talents in one stop. Wuhan proposes that in 2020, we will promote recruiting talents and attracting talents, introduce a group of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents, young scientific and technological talents and high-level innovation teams at home and abroad, build a number of enterprise technology research centers and engineering research centers, and introduce more than 20 first-class scientific research institutions and R&D centers of multinational companies.
Will the local government's competition for scientific and technological elements and talents bring about homogeneous and repetitive disorderly competition? In this regard, Konka believes that in the process of economic development, competition between different regions has its merits, because this is also an important factor in the birth of China's economic miracle. In a sense, competition is a catalyst for economic upgrading, transformation and upgrading. "The key issue now is that there must be a coordinated breakthrough in key technologies such as chips at the national level. It is suggested that the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments take the lead in establishing a good and effective implementation mechanism, instead of rushing to engage in chips and implementing too radical incentives. Measures have led to the break of the research capital chain. For a few core technologies such as chips, it is necessary to establish a new national system and connect with domestic and foreign markets at the same time to achieve a big breakthrough. "
Konka also said, "Except for a few core technologies, the competition of scientific and technological innovation in most regions should take the road of comparative advantage, rely on the market to play its role, and achieve fair competition among regions through the full flow of factors. What the government needs to do is to follow the trend and let nature take its course. Even if there are some redundant constructions, there is no need to worry too much, and it should be achieved in the process of market economy. "
The reporter learned in some places that the repeated construction and overcapacity caused by the photovoltaic boom in previous years, as well as the "chip unfinished" embarrassment caused by the poor follow-up of chip projects in some areas, exposed the persistent pursuit of "hot industries" and "hot technologies" by local governments, and also reflected the urgent need for higher-level overall planning. Liu Fuyuan, former vice president and researcher of the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, also told Caijing reporter, "In the process of scientific and technological innovation competition in various regions, we should break the regional isomorphism and not blindly engage in talent wars. The central government and provincial governments should establish a certain overall coordination mechanism, draw a good circle, establish a clear division of labor around urban agglomerations and core cities, and dilute the low-level and repetitive disorderly competition between regions. "
On July 17, 2020, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of National High-tech Industrial Development Zones", which clearly stated that it is necessary to intensify opening-up and innovation, promote regional coordinated development, create regional innovation growth poles and integrate into the global innovation system. The data show that there are currently 2 1 national independent innovation demonstration zones, 169 national high-tech zones, 4 national agricultural high-tech industry demonstration zones, 6 national sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zones, 9 national scientific and technological achievements transfer demonstration zones, 270 national agricultural science and technology parks and 189 national sustainable development experimental zones in China, forming an innovative country.
Judging from the current situation of regional economic development in China, the overall competitive advantages of the three major urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao are outstanding. The potential cities in the central and western regions are still mainly concentrated in core cities, and many third-and fourth-tier cities plan their own development by undertaking industrial transfer and spillover effects from big cities. In recent years, in order to solve the problem of insufficient unbalanced development, the state has also put forward a plan to aid Xinjiang with science and technology in Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai and Yunnan.
Li Youhuan, a researcher at the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, told Caijing that "if a region wants to encourage scientific and technological innovation, it needs to strive to establish a complete innovation ecosystem, including industrial clusters, policy environment and support system, intermediary service institutions, innovation culture and legal support. Without these basic supporting conditions, the construction of high-tech development zones in a region is likely to be empty talk. Most of the factories in these development zones are empty, even if they attract high-end talents, they often.
According to the study of 18 "China City Competitiveness Report" released on June 22nd, 2020, the competitiveness of China city's scientific and technological innovation shows a trend of regional differentiation, and the phenomena of "East is superior to West" and "South is higher than North" are obvious. The competitiveness of scientific and technological innovation in urban agglomerations is generally high, and the degree of internal differentiation is roughly inversely proportional to the average level. Li Youhuan believes that "innovative elements are constantly flowing, and the development of high-tech industries, digital economy and the Internet is likely to further widen the gap between different regions. Don't be discouraged in areas that are temporarily backward at present. In the process of development, we must aim high, base ourselves on the existing format and industrial base, and constantly carry out scientific, digital and intelligent transformation. "
In the future, with the migration and flow of economic factors between different regions, the phenomenon that China's economy is "good in the east and poor in the west" and "high in the south and low in the north" will continue. Can different regions and cities rewrite the current competitive pattern with scientific and technological innovation? In the era of digital economy, the competition around the world is whether we can do a good job in innovative industry planning, optimize infrastructure and business environment, and truly give play to comparative advantages.