The Department of Modern Physics has five doctoral programs: theoretical physics, particle physics and nuclear physics, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics and physical electronics, which belong to three first-class disciplines: physics, applied physics and electronic science and technology. All have the right to award bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees, and have postdoctoral mobile stations. Theoretical physics, particle physics and nuclear physics, and plasma physics are national key disciplines, while atomic and molecular physics and physical electronics are key disciplines in Anhui Province.

The department of modern physics has four majors: theoretical physics, plasma physics, particle physics, nuclear physics and physical electronics, which are used for undergraduate teaching. Starting from the grade of 2000, the undergraduate education system is four years. The first two years of undergraduate education focus on solid basic education in mathematics and physics, and in the second two years, combined with research frontiers, pan-professional basic education is carried out to encourage students to enter the laboratory to participate in research. About 40% excellent undergraduate graduates can enter the postgraduate stage without examination, and postgraduate education mainly focuses on cultivating doctoral graduates. The educational characteristics of modern physics department are: attaching importance to foundation, advocating academic freedom, and insisting on the combination of science and technology, teaching and research, and theory and practice.

There are 1 18 faculty members in the department of modern physics. There are 49 professors, including 38 doctoral supervisors; 30 associate professors. More than half of the teachers have doctorates. There are nearly 500 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students, 70 of whom are studying for doctoral degrees.