Career planning originated in the United States in 1960s and was introduced to China in 1990s. Career planning, also called career design, refers to analyzing, summarizing and measuring the subjective and objective factors of a person's career, determining a person's career goals and life goals, and making reasonable arrangements for the realization of the goals. It has the characteristics of feasibility and adaptability. On the other hand, college students' career planning aims to determine the direction of career development, formulate the overall goal of university study and the phased life goals and steps, and plan the future career development as far as possible on the basis of college students' self-awareness and understanding of society, starting from their own reality and social needs.
First, the necessity and problems of college students' career planning
Reasonable design of career planning is the first step for college students to succeed, which is of great significance: first, it can guide students to correctly understand their own personality characteristics and accurately locate their own values; Second, students can be clear about their ideal career and development goals, and find a career path more suitable for their own development; Third, it can guide students to explore their potential advantages and enhance their employment competitiveness; Fourth, it can make students better adapt to changes in the face of social changes and enhance their resilience and adaptability.
At present, the enrollment scale of colleges and universities in China is expanding every year, and the number of students in ordinary colleges and universities in China has reached 20 million. Under such a rapid growth scale, the employment problem of college students has become the first problem to be solved by major universities. As far as Hunan is concerned, the number of graduates increased by more than 30,000 in 2008. In 2006, the employment rate of colleges and universities in Hunan was less than 50%, so with the increasing number of college students, the employment pressure of college students in Hunan Province is even greater. Under the circumstances that it is so difficult for college students to find jobs, it is more important for them to plan their career. However, there are still some problems in college students' career planning. The following are the three most common and urgent points.
1. College students lack planning awareness and are unaware of the necessity of career planning.
A survey of college students in Hunan Province shows that 62% of them have no plans for their future development, work and career, 33% are not clear, and only 5% have clear designs. Only 45.35% people think it is very important to make a career plan for themselves during college, while 15. 1% people think it is completely unnecessary. The above data fully shows that at present, college students lack the awareness of career planning and do not realize the necessity of career planning.
2. College students have no accurate understanding of career planning, and pursue career planning. Best planning?
Career planning will be influenced by subjective factors such as personal hobbies and personal qualities and objective factors such as social changes. Therefore, it is required to make adjustments at any time according to various changes. However, many students blindly pursue the so-called? Best planning? Want to do it once and for all, but can't adjust flexibly according to changes, which leads to the phenomenon that the development goal is far from the real society and its own value.
3. College students lack career orientation in the specific implementation process of career planning.
Usually, college students with work experience have certain advantages in employment, so college students will engage in social practice activities during their study. However, due to the ignorance of their major and the limitation of job opportunities, most students are engaged in practical activities such as tutoring and promotion, without applying what they have learned and lacking career orientation. They only pay attention to the accumulation of quantity and ignore the pursuit of quality.
Second, the role of college counselors in college students' career planning
In addition to the guidance of professional teachers, counselors of various majors also play a very important role in college students' career planning education.
First of all, college counselors should be responsible for guiding students in all aspects of their study and life. Therefore, they have more opportunities and time to communicate and interview with students than professional tutors, better understand students' personal interests and personality characteristics, and better guide students to locate their own values.
Secondly, because college counselors usually work in fixed departments, they have a certain degree of understanding of students' professional nature, relative occupation and recruitment conditions of employers, which can guide students to evaluate their professional needs more accurately and determine their career ideals and development goals.
Thirdly, under normal circumstances, college counselors will accompany students through college. Therefore, students' career planning and personality guidance can be combined to help students solve various problems at different stages at any time.
Fourthly, college counselors can start with students' social practice, guide students to carry out targeted social practice and cultivate students' career orientation according to their professional nature and personality characteristics.
Thirdly, the suggestions of college counselors to guide college students' career planning.
The process of college students' career planning can usually be divided into five steps: first, generate planning consciousness; Second, conduct a comprehensive self-assessment and occupational needs assessment; Third, establish ideal career and development goals; Fourth, make corresponding plans; Fifth, implement the plan and feedback the adjustment. In the concrete practice of these five steps, college counselors can play their role and give students favorable guidance.
1, clearly put forward career planning to give students a sense of planning.
Creating planning consciousness is the beginning of college students' career planning, usually for freshmen who have just entered the university gate. Freshmen are often confused about how to use their precious time and limited resources for a long time because of their lack of understanding of university life. At this time, if they can't give students timely guidance, they will experience many setbacks that they don't have to experience. In view of this phenomenon, college counselors should clearly put forward career planning and explain its necessity when they are conducting entrance education for freshmen, so that students can be familiar with their study and living environment and majors in a week or so, and let them realize the necessity of career planning and have a sense of planning.
2, guide students to conduct a comprehensive self-assessment and career needs assessment.
Self-assessment is a scientific, comprehensive and thorough dissection of oneself, with the purpose of knowing oneself and knowing oneself. Students' self-evaluation is an understanding of self-worth, personality, hobbies, abilities and temperament. In self-evaluation, college counselors should pay more attention to students' daily study and life: encourage students to make achievements and make them feel a sense of accomplishment; Carry out various activities to cultivate students' comprehensive quality and let them know their hobbies; Encourage students to actively participate in various activities, cultivate students' innovative spirit, interpersonal skills and courage to face challenges, and let students know their own advantages and disadvantages; Attach importance to students' mental health education and guide students' bad emotions.
Occupation demand assessment refers to students' understanding of the current social demand information according to their major, in other words, what kind of occupations their major can engage in in in society and what requirements such occupations have for talents. When evaluating students' professional needs, college counselors should take advantage of the opportunity of concentrated education and peacetime communication to guide students to understand the nature of their majors, explain to students the occupations corresponding to their majors at present and the qualities and abilities that professionals should have, and point out the general direction of their future development.
3. Guide students to establish career goals.
Universal formula from American success master anthony robbins? Success = clear goal+detailed plan+immediate action+check+stick to it? We can see that the first prerequisite for success is clear goals, and so is career planning.
When students plan their career, they must first establish their ideal career and development goals. At this time, they usually encounter a difficulty, that is, when? Generalist? And then what? Professionals? In terms of choice. At present, the whole society is advocating the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality, and the traditional view also thinks that doing it? Generalist? Is it a wise choice? Professionals? There is no doubt that it is to bet all the capital on one bet. But, choose to do it? Generalist? There are also great risks, because some occupations are still needed? Professionals? , such as software development. At this time, the counselor should give rational suggestions and analyze and choose according to the students' own hobbies and personal abilities. Generalist? Or? Professionals? The pros and cons between the two, remind students what to do? Generalist? It requires you to be proficient in many aspects of knowledge and technology, not a little knowledge, so that you can have more career opportunities; Do it. Professionals? It is required to specialize in a certain field on the basis of other knowledge.
4. Guide students to make corresponding plans according to their career goals.
At present, three-year college students put the exploration stage and struggle stage in the second grade. The task of counselors guiding students to carry out career planning is usually completed in the adaptation stage (senior one).
First of all, when students make specific plans, counselors must remind students to consider their own abilities when making plans, and don't dream of reaching the sky in one step, lest students blindly pursue the so-called? Best planning? . Taking undergraduates as an example, students are usually required to reach CET-4. However, because each student's English foundation is the same, counselors should guide students to formulate specific implementation plans according to their own basic level. Usually, students with poor foundation need more time and effort to accomplish this goal.
Secondly, when students make plans, counselors should guide students to grasp the most important content. Everyone's energy is limited. If you focus on several aspects at the same time, not only will you not achieve good results, but you will easily lose more than you gain. At this time, counselors should guide students to grasp the key objectives when formulating specific programs, and there will be a core objective in each stage, while other objectives are formulated for the realization of this core objective. Therefore, counselors should guide students to determine the order of achieving other goals according to the importance of other goals to achieving core goals and their own ability conditions.
5. In the process of implementing the plan, guide students to make adjustments and corrections according to the actual situation.
Students will encounter many problems in the process of implementing specific plans, and counselors should give students favorable guidance at this time.
First of all, the implementation of the program takes a long time and requires students to have persistent determination and strong perseverance. So in this process, some students can easily give up because they can't persist. Then, counselors should always pay attention to the specific situation of students' implementation plan, encourage students when they encounter difficulties, and cultivate their perseverance and perseverance.
Secondly, in the implementation of the program, sometimes the expected effect can not be achieved because of the changes of students' own abilities and the changes of the surrounding environment. However, some students think that this is an unchangeable factor, instead of thinking about the specific reasons for this phenomenon and seeking solutions, they still implement it according to unrealistic plans. At this point, counselors should guide students to re-evaluate their own abilities and surrounding environment, and adjust their plans according to the new evaluation results to prevent students from doing more useless work.
Third, in the process of implementing the plan, students are prone to have some negative mentality. For example, when there is a gap between the actual results and the predetermined goals, some students will doubt their abilities; When the actual time to achieve the goal is shorter than expected, some students are prone to conceit. At this time, counselors should pay attention to the changes of students' mentality, correct students' negative mentality in time, and cultivate students' positive mentality such as self-confidence and modesty.
In a word, it is a complex and continuous work for counselors to guide college students' career planning, which requires counselors to pay close attention to the planning process at all times with a high sense of responsibility, and guide and help students successfully complete their career planning.
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