As early as the early 1950s, he paid attention to and began to study the reality of the rapid population growth in China. In the famous new population theory, the population problem in China was systematically discussed. Put forward the proposition that the population of China is growing too fast, and think that the population of China has probably exceeded the annual population growth rate of 20‰ from 65438 to 65438 to 0957. If the doubling rate of 20‰ is estimated according to the statistics of 1953, "thirty years later, compared with the actual population, it will be a thousand miles away." This paper discusses the necessity and urgency of population control from the aspects of accelerating capital accumulation, improving science and technology, improving labor productivity and people's material and cultural level, and increasing industrial raw materials: ① the contradiction between population growth and capital accumulation. He believes that because China has a large population and a large consumption, it has accumulated less. Only by controlling the population and reducing the proportion of consumption can we accumulate more funds; (2) To build socialism, we need to improve labor productivity, engage in large-scale industries, and engage in agricultural electrification and mechanization. However, in order to arrange employment for many people, it is necessary to engage in small and medium-sized industries and engage in inefficient labor in agriculture, which actually holds back high-speed industrialization; ③ Contradiction with industrial raw materials. Large-scale light industry can effectively accumulate funds, but most of the raw materials for light industry come from agriculture. Because of the large population and food shortage, there is not much room for planting cash crops such as cotton, sericulture, soybeans and peanuts. At the same time, because the export of agricultural products is restricted, it is impossible to import a large number of complete sets of equipment for heavy industry, which affects the development of heavy industry; (4) The per capita arable land in China is less than 3 mu, and large-scale reclamation can't be done in a short time. "As far as food is concerned, population control is also necessary." He pointedly pointed out that population control is a top priority, otherwise, future problems will become more and more difficult to solve. If the government does not try to control the population, it is inevitable that farmers will turn all their goodwill into disappointment and dissatisfaction. He suggested that the population census should be conducted regularly and that population growth should be included in the second and third five-year plans.
[Edit this paragraph] Chronology
190 1 entered Tianjin Beiyang University (195 1 renamed Tianjin University) and chose mining and metallurgy as my major. In the same year, he married his wife Zhang Tuanmei.
1906 went to study in the United States, 19 10 received a master's degree in economics from Yale University, and 19 14 received a doctorate in economics from Columbia University.
Ma Yinchu returned to China at Yale University 19 15, and served as a staff member of the Ministry of Finance of Beiyang Government.
19 16 professor and head of the department of economics at the national Peking University, 19 19 as the first provost.
19 17, Ma Yinchu, who returned from studying abroad, returned to her hometown in Shengxian and married Wang, who is also her daughter. Wang, who graduated from elementary school, is 22 years younger than Ma Yinchu, who was only 13 years old. Ma Yinchu and his two wives are in love and harmony. She has five daughters and two sons, and is a happy family with seven children.
1920, after Yang Xingfo, the first business director of National Southeast University (1928 was renamed as National Central University), he became a professor and academic director of Shanghai Business School (now Shanghai University of Finance and Economics) affiliated to National Southeast University, and once served as the general treasurer (general issuer) of Bank of China.
After 1927, he served as a member of the Zhejiang provincial government, a legislator of the Legislative Yuan of the Nanjing National Government, a chairman of the Economic Committee of the Legislative Yuan, and a chairman of the Finance Committee. He has been a professor at National Central University (1949 renamed Nanjing University), head of the Department of Economics, professor and dean of the Business School of Chongqing University. He used to be a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, Jiaotong University, Soochow University in Suzhou, Chongqing Army University, Lixin Accounting College and China Business Vocational College.
1932 —— 1936 Professor of Jiaotong University.
1948 was elected as the first academician of academia sinica.
1949 Member of the Central People's Government of Ren Zhonghua, People's Republic of China (PRC), Deputy Director of the Finance and Economic Committee of the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC), Deputy Director of the East China Military and Political Committee, and President of Zhejiang University.
195 1 became the president of Peking university, 1960 1.4 was forced to resign as the president because of the publication of the new population theory and stayed at home.
/kloc-0. In September, 1979, he served as honorary president of Peking University and honorary president of China Population Association.
[Edit this paragraph] Special experience
Joined the China League in his early years. Participated in the May 4th Movement. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he was imprisoned by Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government for cracking down on the bureaucratic bourgeoisie to get rich.
1957 was wrongly criticized for publishing articles such as New Population Theory. 1979, the Central Committee approved the decision of Peking University Party Committee to completely rehabilitate him.
Professor Ma Yinchu has been engaged in the teaching and research of economics all his life, making suggestions on major issues such as the comprehensive balance of the national economy, price stability and population control, and making outstanding contributions to the national economic construction and the discipline construction of economic science and population science.
Ma Yinchu, a famous economist, educator and demographer, is a friend of China's * * * production party. Ma Yinchu wanted to study when he was a child, especially in big cities. And his father, Ma, thinks that Ma Yinchu is smart, so he must learn to keep accounts in Ma Yinchu, inherit the business of "restaurant" and learn to do business. In order to study, Ma Yinchu was often scolded, beaten and scolded by his father, and knelt down. "I have to go to school on my knees." "I won't do business if I die." Ma Yinchu endured the pain and resisted again and again.
From 65438 to 0899, Ma Yinchu entered the "Yu Ying Library", ranking first in his class every year. After graduating from high school, he was admitted to Tianjin Beiyang University with excellent results. 1903 was sent to study in the United States, first at Yale University and then at Columbia University. In order to "strengthen the country and enrich the people", Ma Yinchu decided to study economics in the United States. 19 10 received a master's degree in economics from Yale university. 19 14 received a doctorate in economics from Columbia University. His paper "Finance in new york City" stirred up the financial and economic circles in the United States at that time, and was listed as a textbook for freshmen by Columbia University.
19 19 Ma Yinchu returned to the motherland, supported progress with the ideal of "strengthening the country and enriching the people", advocated innovation, and declared that "if you don't become an official, you won't get rich", and devoted yourself to the study of China's economic problems and the cultivation of economic talents. He is the first famous scholar in China to study western economics. From 1927 to 1937, Ma Yinchu went south to Zhejiang, Nanjing and Shanghai. As a financial expert, he participated in the study of national financial problems, found the crux of the problem, sought solutions, and fully safeguarded the interests of the Chinese nation. From 1937 to 1945, Ma Yinchu continued to study China's finance and economics as a financial expert, dissected the bureaucratic capital of the "four big families" of Jiang, Song, Kong and Chen, and wrote articles attacking the crimes of the "four big families" making a fortune while the nation was in danger. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Ma Yinchu supported the Anti-Japanese War and opposed the Kuomintang's non-resistance policy. Ma Yinchu's patriotic actions and just acts were persecuted by the Kuomintang reactionaries. Ma Yinchu was put into Xifeng concentration camp and Shangrao concentration camp, and finally placed under house arrest in Geleshan, Chongqing, until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
After the victory of Cannes, Ma Yinchu continued to oppose the bureaucratic capitalism of the four big families and denounced the Kuomintang government for betraying national interests. When the news came that Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang agents, Ma Yinchu flew into a rage. He immediately wrote a suicide note to say goodbye to everyone. He went to Nanjing Central University to give a speech alone, and exposed the crime of civil war by Kuomintang reactionaries with a large number of facts. Speaking of soaring prices, he criticized Chiang Kai-shek by name, which effectively promoted the patriotic and democratic movement against Chiang Kai-shek in Kuomintang-controlled areas at that time. In the old China era, he became a brave and unyielding democracy fighter. Before liberation, Ma Yinchu taught in Peking University, Nanjing Central University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Chongqing University and Zhejiang University. He used to be the head of the Department of Economics and the provost of Peking University. Dean of Chongqing University Business School. After liberation, Ma Yinchu served as President of Zhejiang University, President of Peking University and Honorary President. There are many of his works, among which The New Population Theory is an insightful and immortal work. This paper was written through investigation and study. This paper correctly analyzes the reasons for the rapid population growth in China, demonstrates the contradiction between the rapid population growth and the accumulation and consumption, and puts forward some suggestions and measures for controlling the birth of the population. After the publication of the new population theory, it aroused strong repercussions throughout the country. Kang Sheng, Chen Boda and others falsely accused China of Malthusian's "new population theory" and fanned the flames nationwide. Ma Yinchu rightfully went out to fight. When someone forced him to review, he resolutely refused, and swear it again was not afraid of isolation and frying, even at the expense of his own life. He said: "I am so sure of my theory that I can't help but stick to it. I can't help but maintain the dignity of academics! " "Although I am nearly 80 years old, I know that I am outnumbered. Since I was alone, I have come out to fight until I die. I will never surrender to those critics who only convince people by reasoning. " "My personal criticism is a trivial matter, nothing, but I am thinking about national and national events. I believe that after decades, the facts will prove that I am right. " The historical development has confirmed the correctness and foresight of Ma Yinchu's new population theory. 1960 in March, Ma Yinchu was forced to resign, leave Peking University and return to his hometown in Shengzhou. 1September 979 1 1 Restore his reputation. The Ministry of Education appointed him as honorary president of NPC University and was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress.
[Edit this paragraph] Major works published over the years
1 Selected Works of Ma Yinchu Economic Papers Peking University Publishing House 1990
2 China's new financial policy (I) Commercial Press 1939
3 "New Theory of Currency" Commercial Press 1947
4 New Population Theory Jilin People's Publishing House 1997
5 Ma Yinchu population anthology Zhejiang People's Publishing House 1997
6 My Economic Theory, Philosophy and Political Position Financial Press 1958
7 New Population Theory Guangdong Economic Publishing House 1998
8 Ma Yinchu Peng bureaucratic capital Chongqing publishing house 1983
9 Selected Works of Ma Yinchu Tianjin People's Publishing House 1988
10 my economic theory, philosophy and political position China financial and economic publishing house 1980
1 1 Selected Economic Papers of Ma Yinchu (1) Peking University Publishing House 198 1
12 Complete Works of Ma Yinchu Zhejiang People's Publishing House 1999
13 finance and China finance: theory and reality. The Commercial Press 200 1
14 finance and China finance: theory and practice. The Commercial Press 1948.
15 China foreign exchange commerce publishing house 1930
16 Commercial Press of China Bank 1929
17 Ma Yinchu's Lectures The Commercial Press 1933
18 Introduction to Economics The Commercial Press 1946
19 Ma Yinchu wartime economic essayist bookstore 1945
20 China Economic Transformation Commercial Press 1935
2 1 Ma Yinchu Economic Essays Commercial Press 1932
22 China Customs Commercial Press 1935
23 Ma Yinchu Economic Essay Writers Bookstore 1947
China's Current Economic Problems: Ma Yinchu Lecture, Academic Research Society of Ji Jiao Railway Institute.
25 Ma Yinchu's Speech Collection Commercial Press 1928
[Edit this paragraph] Ma Yinchu's former residence
—— No.32 Dongzongbu Hutong
Dongzongbu Hutong belongs to Jianguomen area in Dongcheng District, and it is the second hutong from south to north east of Nanxiaojie Road in Chaoyangmen. Hutong connects Chaoyangmen South Street and Jianguomen North Street from west to east, with a total length of over 600 meters. The south side is connected with Dingyin Hutong, Gong Yuan West Street and Nanpaifang Hutong respectively from west to east, and the north side is connected with Dayang Yibin Hutong, Baozhuzi Hutong, Beizongbu Hutong, Hong Tong Lane and Beipaifang Hutong respectively from west to east. In the Ming Dynasty, Xizongbu Hutong was called "Zong Pu Hutong", which was named after there was an arrest headquarters in Hutong. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed headquarter Hutong. During the reign of Xuan Tong, Hutong was divided into two parts with Chaoyangmen South Street as the boundary. The west part was called Xizongbu Hutong, and the east part was called Dongzongbu Hutong.
No.32 Dongzongbu Hutong, the old house number is No.62 Dongzongbu Hutong, on the south side of the middle section of Hutong, the whole building is in Western style. The fence is relatively high, and the facade of Western-style Street faces north, five steps; The main building in the courtyard is a two-story western-style building, and a wooded courtyard is formed between the south of the building and the wall, which is elegant and quiet.
According to the housing archives, the hospital covers an area of 1092.7 square meters; * * * There are 43 houses, including 30 buildings, with a construction area of 444,438+0 square meters. This house was purchased in May, 1950, and the Ma Yinchu family moved in after renovation. 1951June, Ma Yinchu became the president of Peking University. 1952 after the adjustment of colleges and universities, yenching university was merged into Peking University, and Peking University moved from the seaside in Dongcheng District to Yanyuan in Haidian District. In order to avoid travelling, Ma Yinchu was arranged to live at No.63 Yannanyuan.
Chen Fang wrote in the article "Talking about the Past between Yandong Garden and Yannan Garden": "No.63 Courtyard, located in the southeast of Yannan Garden, is a unique' concave'-shaped bungalow building that combines Chinese and Western styles and integrates the architectural style of China's north and south. There is a large open space in front of the main entrance of No.63 courtyard, which is magnificent. The whole building is located on the tiger skin stone steps, surrounded by granite strips about one meter long, and the four corners of the building are reinforced concrete semi-cylinders imitating the wood structure of China. Outside the south gate, there are recessed doorways (China style is rare in the north), two gates, and four Chinese windows on each side, which are quite symmetrical; The wall (ridge wall) under the window is concave in Chinese style, and the roof is a western-style reinforced roof truss, which is in a straight triangle and sticks to the machine tile (big tile), but it is a bit like the most distinguished roof in China. From the steps to the eaves, the height of the building is about 4 meters. The pillars are round, and the stones protruding under the eaves imitate the traditional beams of China, but there are no colored paintings and carvings on them, and the purlins are made of cement. " "There was a small swimming pool in the hospital that year."
When Ma Yinchu lived in No.63 Yannanyuan, he published The New Population Theory, which was wrongly criticized. 1960, Ma Yinchu resigned as president of Peking University and moved back to No.32 Dongzongbu Hutong. At this time, Ma Yinchu was 78 years old and politically deprived of the right to speak. Now he is called "the right to speak". He is knowledgeable, outspoken and idle. Ma Yinchu, after all, has seen the world through the storm and can cope with it calmly. He likes two sentences-"don't be humiliated, just watch the flowers bloom in front of the court;" I have no intention of staying, I am looking at the clouds outside the sky. " For a wise man, idleness can only mark the frustration of his official career at most, and it never means nothing. In his spare time, Ma Yinchu finished the first draft of a million-word agricultural book, but it was a pity that the first draft of the agricultural book was burned by his family during the Cultural Revolution.
1982 10 in may, Ma Yinchu completed a whole century's life course, and sailed the crane west to the mountain. It should be an old saying of China-Benevolent people live long.
Now, the descendants of Ma Yinchu live at No.32 Dongzongbu Hutong. In addition, at the junction of Zhugan Lane and Chun Qing Road, there is Ma Yinchu's former residence, which has now become a museum. There is also a sculpture of Ma Yinchu in front of the second classroom activity.
Ma Yinchu (1882— 1982), a famous economist and educator, was born in Shengxian County (now Shengzhou City), Zhejiang Province. He studied in the United States in his early years and received a doctorate in economics from Columbia University. 19 15 He went back to China. He was the head of the Department of Economics of Peking University, the dean of the Business School of Chongqing University, and a legislator of the National Government. 1949, member of the Central People's Government, deputy director of the Economic Committee of the Government Council of the Central People's Government, vice chairman of the East China Military and Political Committee, president of Zhejiang University and Peking University, member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences. There are Ma Yinchu's lectures, Ma Yinchu's economics anthology, China's economic transformation, new currency theory, new population theory and other works that have been handed down in the world.
Ma Yinchu was born in Guangxu eight years in Qing Dynasty and lived in old China for nearly 70 years. He is a famous economist at home and abroad. In the 1940s, Ma Yinchu was arrested, imprisoned and placed under house arrest by the Kuomintang authorities, and was also intimidated and beaten by agents of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Military Commission of the National Government. However, he didn't change his mind. A generation of literary giant Guo Moruo once praised: "You Ma Yinchu are a famous' copper pea', which can't be steamed, boiled or pounded." At that time, the media thought: "Today, Mr. Ma Yinchu's reputation and position in China's economic circles can be compared with that of Lu Xun, the literary giant of that year. In the process of striving for national freedom and liberation, Ma Yinchu, like Lu Xun, suffered from the hatred of evil forces, but strode forward under all kinds of oppression, always daring to say, laugh and be angry. His attitude has been the same for decades. "
Ma Yinchu rejoiced at the birth of the new China and actively participated in the planning and construction of the Republic. On March 25th, 1949, at the ceremony to welcome President Mao Zedong, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and other central leaders to move from Xibaipo to Peiping, Ma Yinchu ran to Zhou Enlai's jeep and loudly said to Zhou Enlai, "Following your instructions, I have arrived in Peiping safely." Joy is beyond words.
Ma Yinchu likes to call himself a "brother", regardless of the occasion or the age or position of the object.
There is a saying that at a meeting in Zhongnanhai, Ma Yinchu made a request to Mao Zedong: "If you want' brothers' to make Peking University a first-class institution, Chairman, you have to support my work." Mao Zedong smiled and asked, "Ma Lao, what kind of support do you want?" Ma Yinchu said, "If nothing else, I just hope that the Chairman will approve it. If' Brother' invites anyone to give a speech at Peking University, please don't refuse. " Mao Zedong happily agreed to Ma Yinchu's request.
There is a proof. On June 195 1, the inauguration ceremony of President Ma Yinchu was held in Peking University Democratic Square. The scene was solemn and warm. Ma Yinchu still called himself "brother" in his speech. He said: "As soon as the' brother' is appointed by the government, I will do things according to the will of the government. I hope that everyone can learn from each other, help each other and work hard to complete our tasks. "
During Ma Yinchu's administration of Peking University, there was a system to hold a New Year's party in the dining hall on New Year's Eve every year. When the New Year bell rings, Ma Yinchu appears in front of all the teachers and students on time, always beaming because he is in a good mood or drunk. He will call himself "brother" and pay New Year greetings to all the teachers and students in the school.
As an economist, Ma Yinchu naturally cares about people's livelihood. He believes that "overall consideration and comprehensive balance" is the basic law of China's socialist economy, and it is also the law that socialist economic construction must abide by. He pointed out that family planning should be advocated and population should be controlled. He said: "Our socialism is a planned economy. If the population is not included in the plan, the population cannot be controlled, and family planning cannot be implemented, it is not a planned economy. " Moreover, he believes that the population problem "will inevitably turn all goodwill into disappointment and dissatisfaction if it is not planned early."
Unexpectedly, Ma Yinchu's opinions were criticized more and more until he was forced to resign. Reminiscent of Han Yu's poems in Tang Dynasty;
A letter is typed in the sky, and eight thousand in Chaozhou Road in the evening.
If you want to eliminate disasters for the wise, you are willing to decline and cherish the old!
In the face of criticism and crusade, Ma Yinchu said publicly: "This challenge is very reasonable, and I should respectfully accept it. Although I am nearly 80 years old, I know I am outnumbered. I'm just a horse, come out and fight to the death. I will never surrender to critics who only use force to subdue without reason. " "Because I am sure of my theory, I have to insist. I can't help but maintain the dignity of academics and refuse to review. "
"Rejecting censorship" is not easy. However, Ma Yinchu did it.
On July 26th, 1979, China People's Broadcasting Station broadcast a message entitled "The Party Organization completely rehabilitated Ma Yinchu". At this time, Ma Yinchu was 98 years old, and history finally had a chance to apologize to this brave and wise old man when he was alive.
1On July 5th, 957, Ma Yinchu published "New Population Theory" in People's Daily, pointing out that a large population and few resources is a very serious contradiction in China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the population growth rate of China has been 20%. Based on this calculation, if the population is not controlled, the population of China will reach 654.38+06 billion in 50 years. He said: "Population is a huge resource, but it is also a huge burden." The way to preserve this huge resource and get rid of this huge burden is to improve the quality of the population and control it. He suggested that the country should implement the family planning policy, but he was wrongly criticized. Facts have proved that Ma Yinchu's point of view is correct, and the consequence of criticizing him is that hundreds of millions more people have been born in China since then.