They are two different laws. The former is Mendel's two laws, and the latter is Morgan's law. We become the third law of heredity. As for the genetic distance and the exchange value, it is actually the same thing, just for the convenience of identifying the position of the gene, and the exchange value is used as the genetic distance to calibrate the position of the gene on the chromosome.
3. Not all heterozygotes with mutual translocation are sterile, but some are fertile. Specifically, it is necessary to divide the translocation gene into centromeres, and then judge whether the gamete is fertile normally. See Genetics (Zhu Jun Edition) or Baidu Search for details.
4. It should be pseudo-domination. It means that when the dominant gene on the homologous chromosome corresponding to the recessive gene is missing, the individual will show recessive traits. (When one chromosome is missing, the recessive gene on another homologous chromosome will appear. ) This phenomenon is called false dominance.
5. Using the principle of intersection measurement to locate, you should know the specific scheme, right?