Causes of haze formation:
There are many sources of smog, such as automobile exhaust, industrial emissions, building dust, garbage incineration, and even volcanic eruption. Hazy weather is usually formed by the mixed action of various pollution sources. However, in smog weather in different regions, different pollution sources have different functions.
Haze weather has existed since ancient times, and human activities or natural phenomena such as slash-and-burn and volcanic eruption may lead to haze weather. However, after mankind entered the era of fossil fuels, the smog weather really threatened the living environment and health of mankind. Rapid industrialization and urbanization lead to rapid energy consumption, high concentration of population and destruction of ecological environment, which have laid the groundwork for the formation of haze weather.
Is there haze? Source? , also? Accomplice? This is a meteorological condition that is not conducive to the spread of pollutants. Once pollutants accumulate for a long time under static meteorological conditions, it is easy to form haze weather.
The first is the physical basic source of particulate matter. China has the largest loess plateau in the world, and its soil texture is the easiest to produce granular dust particles.
Second, poor exercise leads to dust. For example, the mud in the garden in the middle of the road and the soil on the roadside stones will flow to the road after raining or splashing water, which will produce a lot of dust after one hour of drying. Even if these particles fall back to the ground, they will be thrown over the city again because of the continuous passing of cars.
Thirdly, the basic source of dust and the process of movement difference gather in a certain spatial range, and particles finally gather with water molecules to form haze. At present, in more than 350 cities in the Loess Plateau of China, the three elements of smog structure are quite rich.
Hazards of smoke:
A few days ago, the China Academy of Social Sciences and the China Meteorological Bureau issued the Green Paper on Climate Change, which reported that smog weather affects health, not only aggravating respiratory and heart diseases, but also affecting reproductive capacity. This statement triggered a heated discussion among netizens.
The research team of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University conducted a study on male infertility in Shanghai for 10 years, which proved that the environment was deteriorating and the quality of male semen was getting worse. In the reproductive clinics of major hospitals in Shanghai, more and more men are infertile because of azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenospermia and sperm malformation. Infertility has become the third major disease affecting human health, second only to tumors and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
In contrast, many data at home and abroad show that environmental factors may lead to infertility. In an experiment in Canada, the staff fed mice born at the same time in the city and the countryside respectively. The results showed that the life span of mice in cities was short and their fertility declined, while those who grew up in rural areas not only lived long, but also had strong fertility. According to experts, small particles of PM2.5 in smog are not only dust, but also smoke, including automobile exhaust and industrial waste gas. These substances all contain many environmental pollution toxins, which are collectively called environmental pollution estrogens in academic circles and can be absorbed by the human body through various channels.
Guo Yinglu, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and chief physician of Peking University First Hospital, said that even if there is an impact, it will not be too big. At present, the most direct harm of smog to human health is mainly to increase the incidence of respiratory diseases. So how to reduce the harm of smog to the human body? Experts suggest that citizens should go out less in foggy days, and air purifiers can be used to purify the air when the doors and windows at home are closed; Try to wear a mask with special functions when going out in foggy days; On the premise of maintaining a balanced nutritional intake, eat more foods rich in antioxidants, such as grape seeds rich in anthocyanins, cauliflower containing sulforaphane, and tomatoes containing lycopene.
Haze countermeasures:
Countermeasures 1. Pay attention to nourishing and protecting the lungs.
Smog weather is very harmful to the lungs. If not prevented, it is easy to induce bronchial, respiratory and lung diseases, so we should attach great importance to nourishing and protecting the lungs. The most direct and effective way is to raise some Yang Fei for clearing away lung heat, relieving asthma and clearing lung heat at home? Hey? Guard? Hey? Drugs, such as improved medicinal Ning Fei granules.
Countermeasure 2: Go out without cycling and never exercise.
When riding a bike, you need to breathe in more air. In this weather, the air is seriously polluted. The faster you ride a bike, the more chemicals you inhale. Therefore, in the past two days, if you really want to go out by bike, don't worry, try to avoid the roads with heavy traffic.
Countermeasure 3: Stay at home and go out less.
Symptoms of patients with heart disease and lung disease will be obviously aggravated when they are heavily polluted, and symptoms will also be common in healthy people. Reducing going out is the most effective way to protect yourself, especially those suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and children and the elderly. According to the epidemiological study on PM2.5 published by Huang Wei, a researcher at the Frontier Interdisciplinary Research Center of Environment and Health in Peking University, in American Epidemiology 20 12, after excluding the influencing factors such as age, sex, aging and meteorological factors, when the concentration of PM2.5 increases 103 μ g/m3, the risk of excess death from all causes of residents will increase by 2.29%. The risk of excess death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is higher, which is 3.08%.
Countermeasure 4: Wash your face, rinse your mouth and clean your nose before entering the door.
After entering the room, clean up the smog attached to your body in time, wash your face, rinse your mouth and clean your nose.
It is best to wash your face with warm water, which can effectively clean the smog particles attached to the skin; The purpose of gargling is to remove dirt attached to the mouth; The key is to clean the nasal cavity. Nose washing method: After washing your hands, hold warm water, gently absorb water with your nose and blow your nose quickly, and repeat several times to clean up all the dirty things in your nose. It is worth noting that when cleaning the nasal cavity, you must gently absorb water to avoid coughing. When cleaning the child's nasal cavity, parents can repeatedly wash the clean cotton swab with water.
Countermeasure 5: Wear N95 mask.
Ordinary masks have little effect on 2.5 micron airborne particles. To block PM2.5, a medical N95 mask is needed, which can block 95% of 0.3 micron particles and also play a certain role in PM2.5 weather off the charts.
To buy a formal and qualified N95 mask that matches your face size, you should wait until it is dry and fold it in half to prevent the breathing moisture from breeding bacteria on the mask. It should not be worn for too long, and the elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid wearing it to avoid dizziness caused by dyspnea.