With the expansion of college enrollment from 65438 to 0999, the number of college graduates has increased year by year. College students are no longer favored by heaven. They are faced with the need to lower their social status and participate in mass employment. China's higher education has entered the era of popularization. Nowadays, college students are faced with multiple choices and are under multiple pressures. The international financial crisis and the adjustment of domestic economic structure have brought more difficulties to college students' employment. ?

1. Has higher education entered the era of popularization?

(1) The employment of college students has changed from elite to mass: We know that the main indicator to measure the popularization of higher education is the gross enrollment rate of higher education. When the gross enrollment rate of higher education reaches 15%, it will enter the stage of popularization. Colleges and universities in China began to expand their enrollment from 1999: 1999 undergraduate enrollment1570,000, and graduate enrollment was 92,200. By 20 10, there will be 6.57 million undergraduate students and 530,000 graduate students. The enrollment scale of colleges and universities is expanding year by year. According to statistics, by 20 10, the gross enrollment rate of colleges and universities has reached 25%. ?

(2) The employment market for college students moves from sellers to buyers. ?

There were 2.8 million graduates in 2004, 3.38 million graduates in 2005 and 6.8 million graduates in 20 12. In recent years, the growth rate of the number of college graduates in China is above 10%. We know that the relationship between supply and demand has a far-reaching impact on market prices and values. When higher education is in the elite stage, the supply of college graduates is less than the demand, which is a seller's market for college students. With the rapid development of higher education, the number of college students has increased dramatically, and the employment market for college students has moved from sellers to buyers. ?

(3) The employment of college graduates is inclined to the tertiary industry?

The tertiary industry is supported by knowledge and high technology, such as finance and insurance, law, auditing, accounting, investment, psychology and studying abroad. With the rapid development of the tertiary industry, such as consulting services, intermediary agencies, culture and education, it provides employment opportunities for college students and attracts them. After graduation, many college students give up their original majors and leave for the tertiary industry in large numbers. ?

(4) The employment form of college students has changed from single to multiple. ?

In the past, our employment form was relatively simple. Graduates sign an employment agreement with the employer through the school, get a registration card, go to the employer for employment, or sign a labor contract with the employer, and the employer issues an acceptance letter without a registration card. The current form of employment is characterized by diversification. Graduates can choose flexible employment when they graduate. ?

2. The financial crisis and the adjustment of domestic economic structure have increased the employment pressure of college students?

The impact of the US financial crisis in 2008 on employment in China is very obvious. In this crisis, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises has been decreasing. According to statistics, 50% of the export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises in the eastern coast of China have closed down, and the enterprises that managed to survive have also reduced their scale and laid off a large number of employees, resulting in a period of "unemployment tide". ?

According to experts' prediction, the peak period of social employment is around 20 10, and the urban labor force is increased by170,000 every year. However, China's economic development can provide limited new jobs, with an annual gap of about100000 and a gap of 7 million. The scale is huge and the economic development environment is not optimistic. Laid-off unemployment, diversion, registered unemployment, and the transfer of rural surplus labor to cities and towns have formed several waves, which have brought pressure on college students' employment. ?

Second, what are the reasons for college students' employment difficulties?

1, the absorption capacity of traditional employment channels is reduced?

Before 2000, the government, enterprises and institutions were the main channels to attract college students. But now government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises are under great pressure. Compared with developed countries, China has fewer small and medium-sized enterprises, limited supporting capacity, imperfect institutions, low wages and limited appeal to college students. ?

2. The quality of specialized personnel is not up to standard, resulting in the scarcity of positions?

According to the Lausanne report in 2000, the availability of qualified engineers and qualified information technology personnel in China ranks first from the bottom among more than 30 countries. This reflects the disadvantages of "emphasizing scores over ability" and "emphasizing books over practice" in higher education. McKinsey, a world-renowned consulting firm, said: Although there are more than 3 million college graduates in China every year, it is estimated that there are about 6,543.8+6,000 people who are really suitable to work in multinational companies. ?

3. State-owned enterprises in public institutions lack autonomy in employing people?

China's personnel system reform is relatively backward, and household registration, compilation of various indicators and file management have not been fundamentally changed. The personnel department's application and approval procedures for graduates' employment are too complicated, and the unit does not have much real autonomy in employing people, so it is still necessary to report to the higher personnel department for approval. ?

Third, the countermeasures for college students' employment difficulties?

1, correct employment mentality. The peak of campus recruitment is from September to 65438+February every year. Employers with different industry backgrounds have different recruitment habits and different types of employment projects, so they should be good at grasping the "golden age" of job hunting. Correct employment mentality and adjust employment expectations. ?

2. Give priority to industries with strong risk resistance. Don't blindly pursue geography and salary to avoid the embarrassing situation of unemployment just after employment. ?

3. Make full use of various resources. Fully understand all kinds of employment service resources of college employment guidance center, as well as all kinds of social resources such as family, friends, alumni and teachers, broaden employment channels, make good use of employment information, and strive for more job opportunities for yourself. ?

4. Plan your career in advance. College students will not start preparing for employment until the fourth grade, and they should have an ideological foundation on the first day of college. I know myself in the first grade, I am interested in my career in the second grade, I have a purpose to improve my professional quality in the third grade, and I have initially completed the role transformation from a student to a professional in the fourth grade. Do a good job in career planning. ?

5. Develop skills training. In view of the need of employment, schools should conduct emergency training or practical training one year before graduation, so that students can become "technical experts" in certain positions before employment. Or go directly to the enterprise for internship. ?