What is an orientation student?
Directional students refer to a policy formulated to help remote areas, ethnic minority areas and industries with difficult working environment to train talents and ensure that they obtain a certain number of graduates.
Candidates are required to voluntarily fill in the orientation employment enrollment volunteers in colleges and universities. Once they are admitted as orientation students according to relevant policies, they must sign relevant orientation employment agreements with universities and orientation employment units before enrollment.
Introduction of new students
Colleges and universities can appropriately combine the source areas of enrollment with the employment situation of graduates, and incorporate them into the "targeted employment" enrollment plan according to a certain proportion of the national enrollment plan.
1989 The Interim Provisions on Directed Enrollment and Directed Employment in Colleges and Universities made by the former State Education Commission clearly pointed out that in order to ensure that a certain number of graduates can be obtained in areas and industries with difficult working environment, colleges and universities should implement "directed enrollment and directed employment" according to a certain proportion of the national enrollment plan.
The target areas are nine provinces (autonomous regions) including Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, * *, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang. And units with relatively difficult working environment in national key construction projects can also be targeted.
Colleges and universities affiliated to the Ministry of Education can also recruit students for agriculture, forestry, geology, energy, building materials, meteorology, national defense and military industry, and other departments.
Candidates applying for directional volunteer should fill in the directional student volunteer form.
Colleges and universities should recruit students according to the orientation of candidates, and indicate the orientation area or department in the admission notice.
The admission of directional students is generally based on the same admission score standard as that of non-directional students, which is above the admission control score of colleges and universities. Unable to complete the directional enrollment source plan, can be in Selected Graduates within 20 points below the college admission score.
Directional therapy
scholarship
Directional students can not only enjoy the treatment of ordinary full-time college students stipulated by the state, but also enjoy directional scholarships according to their academic performance and performance.
Take the postgraduate entrance examination
Directional students with excellent academic performance can apply for graduate students with the consent of their units and return to their original regions or departments for employment after graduation.
hire
After graduation, directional students will be employed in a "two-way choice" way according to the regions or departments determined at the time of enrollment.
If targeted areas or departments are no longer needed due to changes in circumstances, targeted students can be employed by recruiting students through national tasks.
After education, graduates who refuse to work in targeted areas or units should return all scholarships, pay tuition and miscellaneous fees, and pay part of the training fees to the school.
The service period of orientation students is generally not more than 6 years (including probation period 1 year). Allow them to flow after the service expires!
Enroll pre-assigned student
In 2006, there were three choices for the first time: unified recruitment, orientation and school choice. Therefore, many Quanzhou candidates and parents who come to the site for consultation are more concerned about the order in which candidates are admitted to four first-class middle schools and the influence of the increasing proportion of targeted students on their children's further education.
According to the relevant person in charge of Quanzhou Education Bureau, the admission batches of four first-level middle schools are conducted in the order of "unified enrollment", "targeted students" and "school-choosing students".
After the four first-level middle schools have enrolled students, they will successively enroll "orientation students" and "school-choosing students" who have not been admitted to the unified recruitment line of each school.
Each junior high school directional enrollment plan enrolls four first-class middle schools that meet the standards, and the scores are downgraded first and then downgraded.
The scope of demotion is controlled within 20 points (including 20 points) of the minimum admission score of unified enrollment in four first-level standard middle schools, and the scope of demotion is controlled within 5 grades below the minimum admission score of unified enrollment in four first-level standard middle schools.
When the four first-level standard middle schools recruit oriented students, according to the candidate's voluntary order, according to the minimum online level of the four first-level standard middle schools, and below the minimum admission score (the total score of Chinese, mathematics and English), the scores will be reduced from high to low.
Schools that fail to complete the plan will be reduced from high scores to low scores.
For schools that have not completed the enrollment plan after demotion, their directional enrollment indicators will be revoked, and the revoked indicators will be redistributed to other junior high schools above the municipal level that have completed the enrollment plan.
Relevant educators suggest that candidates can fill in the column of unified recruitment as much as possible according to the principle of filling in their volunteers step by step; When filling in the orientation column, you should fill in the information carefully according to the candidates' situation in the school where the candidates are located and the position of the candidates' scores among the candidates in the school where they are located.
Generally recruit freshmen.
Positioning status quo
There are national defense students and ordinary students at present.
Candidates are required to sign relevant employment-oriented agreements with universities and targeted employment units before enrollment, and universities can cancel their admission qualifications for students who refuse to sign the agreements without reason.
Targeted employment enrollment is mainly based on individual targeted volunteering. Candidates no longer contact and sign agreements with the directional units. Candidates' directional volunteers are deemed to be willing to work in directional units, and directional units can only sign agreements with entrusted training universities.
Directional volunteering can only fill in the first volunteer of the corresponding batch.
Most targeted students can be exempted from tuition and fees and enjoy targeted scholarships according to their study and performance.
Excellent academic performance, with the consent of the directional unit can also be a graduate student.
Directional students must work in directional areas or directional units after graduation, and the service period is generally not more than six years (including a probation period of one year), and they are allowed to flow after the service expires; Those who refuse to work in targeted areas or targeted units will return all scholarships, pay tuition and miscellaneous fees, and pay some increase or decrease fees to the school.
Due to changes in the situation, the original unit or region no longer needs the student, and the distribution department enrolls students according to the non-directional national task and arranges employment.
Before arranging the targeted employment enrollment plan, colleges and universities should sign an employment demand agreement with targeted employment units according to the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Education, and report to the Ministry of Education for the record after being audited by the competent department.
The Ministry of Education requires colleges and universities to make the propaganda work of targeted employment enrollment detailed and clear, and announce to the public the employment destination of targeted students, scholarship setting, signing targeted employment agreements and other related requirements through the enrollment regulations.
Examples of instructing students
For example, in Zhongxian County, Chongqing, more than 1 1,000 people are admitted to universities every year, but only 200 to 300 people return home. Between 200 and 300 normal students, only about 10 undergraduates came back.
Chen Liuting, director of the Student Affairs Office of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, is very helpless. "It's a bit back to the old road of directional training.
However, talents in market economy are free to flow.
If we don't do this, how many people will build poor areas? 1983, in order to solve the contradiction that college graduates can't leave or stay, the state implemented a "targeted student system" for rural areas, hard industries and hard areas (that is, "targeted enrollment and targeted distribution"), which was then called "opening the way for talents to lead to rural areas".
In the 1990s, with the reform of distribution system and payment system, the targeted student system was shaken.
Professor Yang, one of the top ten poverty alleviation scholars in China and Southwest Agricultural University, was deeply touched by this: "These students study very hard, either they will not go back after being admitted to graduate school, or they will contact the unit through other means, and the unit will compensate for the liquidated damages.
It should be oriented, but it is also uncertain. "
"Students in poor areas have accepted new ideas after going to colleges and universities.
In contrast, the countryside is very backward, and it is impossible to change the reality with one person's strength.
Graduation distribution is a two-way choice, and people naturally have to go higher.
Even if you go back to your hometown, you can jump out again in a few years.
Wang Xiaojia, vice president of Southwest Agricultural University, said.
A student from Yunnan of Southwest Agricultural University said frankly: "My hometown is very backward.
If there is an opportunity in a big city, I will definitely stay.
"A classmate in Yunyang County of Chongqing simply said," Maybe I have to go back to my hometown for economic reasons, but if there is no good development, I will find another way out in a few years.
At the same time, some students think that returning to their hometown can't give full play to their role.
A student in Deyang, Sichuan took his hometown as an example: some students majoring in aquatic products were assigned to seed companies to do jobs completely unrelated to their majors.
Another reason for studying Taoism together is: "It doesn't matter, it's hard to find a job in my hometown.
The proper position is occupied by various relationships. "
President Wang gave an example.
Southwest Agricultural University once trained "practical students", that is, taking three years off, going back to exercise for two years, and then leaving school after graduation.
However, they didn't get the attention they deserved when they went back, and the local people didn't treat them as undergraduates, so the treatment of grassroots agricultural technicians could not be guaranteed.
A staff member of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission revealed that 200-300 college students in Huizhong County are mostly junior college students.
Zhongxian county, because of its backward economy and unbalanced development in all aspects, has no way to arrange for itself, so it has to let Shandong, a poor province, "solve" one or two hundred graduates.
Director Chen Liuting believes that "there are problems in the arrangement of college students in some places, which has caused a vicious circle.
We can't force students to go back, but only guide and support the improvement of personnel training level.
An old educator bluntly said that the construction of poverty-stricken areas cannot be decided by an education department and needs the cooperation and attention of all departments.
Director Chen said that to solve the problem, we should start from two aspects: first, in the case of two-way choice of graduates, the school takes guidance and incentive measures from employment work to guide students to work in poor areas; Second, all localities should also take active measures and methods to attract talents and take talents as key projects.
Directional policy
Since 2005, colleges and universities affiliated to all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government have generally stopped arranging targeted student enrollment plans, and the number of college students with targeted student enrollment qualifications does not exceed 1% of the total annual enrollment plan of the school.
The General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Directional Employment Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 2005" to standardize the enrollment of directional students.
The Ministry of Education requires that colleges and universities affiliated to relevant departments and units can recruit targeted employment students for employers of national key construction projects in geology, mining, petroleum, military industry and border minority areas only after they have been audited by the competent authorities and reported to the Ministry of Education for the record.
Colleges and universities and targeted employment units shall not charge any fees beyond the scope stipulated by the national charging policy to the relevant candidates.
The enrollment scandal of Beihang University in 2004 involved the enrollment of targeted students.
In 2004, the scale of primary and secondary education declined, but the quality of compulsory education improved.
At the same time, Han Jin, director of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Education, revealed that "the Ministry of Education will make reasonable adjustments to the enrollment scale of graduate students.
According to the school conditions, research funds, teachers, etc. , determine the enrollment scale.
For example, according to the opportunities that teachers can provide graduate teaching assistants and research assistants, the number of graduate students enrolled in various schools, majors and tutors should be reasonably determined. "
Preventive measures for directional students
Directional to non-directional
At the time of admission, the Ministry of Education requires all relevant provincial recruitment offices to arrange non-directional employment enrollment in the same batch of colleges and universities, and at the same time, put it on record in relevant colleges and universities.
If the targeted employment enrollment plan of colleges and universities can't be completed on the school score line, it can be less than 20 points below the school score line and above the same batch admission control score line, and the provincial recruitment office will supplement the enrollment, and colleges and universities will choose the best according to the targeted volunteers; If the number of students is still insufficient, they should be transferred to the implementation of the non-directional employment enrollment plan.
Beware of being fooled
It is reported that targeted enrollment aims to alleviate the problem of talent shortage in hard industries and poverty-stricken areas and formulate a "targeted employment" approach; However, due to "assumed orientation" and "unreasonable fees" of intermediary agencies, a large number of orientation students terminate their employment contracts before graduation.
According to the statistics of Hubei Biban, from 2000 to 2002, only 20% of the targeted students returned to the targeted units for employment.
In view of the inequality caused by "assumed orientation" and "arbitrary charges", the Hubei Provincial Admissions Office reiterated yesterday that the adjusted orientation enrollment method will not change.
Some parents believe that this policy can also take more compulsory measures in operating procedures and result control.