Natural resources: Japan, as an island country, is extremely poor in resources, and it is the country with the highest resource import and external dependence. Distribution characteristics: Coastal distribution. Japanese industry is mainly concentrated in the "industrial belt along the Pacific Ocean", including five industrial centers: Keihin (Tokyo-Yokohama), Nagoya (centered on Nagoya), Hanshin (Osaka-Kobe), Setouchi (along the inland sea of Seto) and Kitakyushu. Its industry has developed from labor-intensive and resource-intensive to technology-intensive and high-tech. 1, industrial development Japanese industry was severely damaged in World War II. After the war, Japan introduced advanced technology from the United States and other industrial countries, developed new products and established its own technical system, and its industry developed rapidly. 2. Japanese industry and oil crisis While Japanese industry developed smoothly, the first world oil crisis broke out in 1973, and the price of oil rose, which had a great impact on Japanese industry produced with imported raw materials. In this case, Japan actively developed fuel-saving products, improved product quality, and finally passed the oil crisis. 3. Japanese industrial products produced overseas by manufacturing industry have excellent performance and are very popular in overseas markets. In 1980s, with a large number of Japanese industrial products sold abroad, Japan's trade surplus continued to grow, and trade friction with other countries increased. In order to reduce the trade surplus, Japanese enterprises began to enter the European and American markets, set up local companies, purchase locally and produce locally. After 1985, the yen appreciated sharply, and the price competitiveness of Japanese products declined relatively. Exporters moved their factories to Asian countries with lower labor costs to reduce production costs, and overseas production of Japanese manufacturing industries increased significantly. However, as factories gradually move overseas, domestic output declines, which is the so-called "industrial hollowing out". 4. Developed industries At present, Japan is one of the largest industrial countries in the world. Japan's heavy industry includes metal industry, machinery industry and chemical industry; Light industry includes textile industry, food industry, kiln industry, paper and pulp industry and other industries. 1997 machinery industry accounts for 44.7% of the total industrial output, metal accounts for 12.4%, food accounts for 10.9%, chemistry accounts for 10.3%, textile accounts for 2.8%, and others account for 18.9%.

Edit this part of Japanese industrial zones and factories.

I. Industrial Zones Japan has three industrial zones: Keihin, Tokyo and Hanshin. In the past, Japan's large industrial zones also included Kitakyushu Industrial Zone, which was called the Four Industrial Zones, but at present, the scale of the above three industrial zones has far exceeded Kitakyushu Industrial Zone. The machinery industry in Jingbin Industrial Zone is developed and the publishing and printing industry is prosperous. There are many refineries in Kawasaki and Yokohama. China Beijing Industrial Zone is dominated by machinery industry, especially automobile industry. Ceramics and other kilns are also mainly concentrated in this area. Hanshin Industrial Zone has a developed metal industry and a high proportion of textile industry. 1997 Japan's industrial output value is 3265 1 57 billion yen, of which the output value of three major industrial zones reaches1275,961100 million yen. 1997 In the national industrial production, the production of Jingbin Industrial Zone accounts for 14.0%, Zhongjing accounts for 13.9%, and Hanshin accounts for 1 1.3%. Japan's industry rose rapidly after the war, forming a huge industrial zone, but at the same time, it also produced various problems such as too dense factories, air pollution, insufficient land for water use in factories and industries, traffic jams and so on. In order to solve these problems, some new factories began to move to the periphery of industrial areas, and the gap between large industrial areas and inland areas formed some new industrial areas. In addition to the three industrial zones and Kitakyushu Industrial Zone, there are other industrial zones in Japan, mainly related to the East Inland Industrial Zone, Ye Jing Industrial Zone, Kashima Linhai Industrial Zone, Donghai Industrial Zone, Hokuriku Industrial Zone and Setouchi Industrial Zone. 2. Large factories and small and medium-sized factories 1997 There are 613,000 factories in Japan, of which only 0.6% are large factories with more than 300 employees, and the remaining 99.4% are small and medium-sized factories. Japan's manufacturing industry is mainly supported by SMEs. The distribution of Japanese factories is characterized by the establishment of many small and medium-sized factories around large factories, mainly providing parts to large factories, forming many industrial zones. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Japan have a high level of technology and can produce high-quality parts and products, many of which are independently developed. Small and medium-sized enterprises are greatly influenced by the operation of large factories because of their small capital scale and low production capacity. If the prosperity of large factories declines, they will be asked to lower the price of their products. In addition, overseas products are cheap, many large Japanese enterprises purchase foreign products one after another, and some large enterprises move their factories to Asian countries with lower labor costs to directly produce parts, which makes Japanese SMEs in a difficult situation. In recent years, Japan's economy has been depressed, and the bankruptcy of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased.

Edit this passage of Japanese heavy industry

I. Metal Industry The center of the metal industry is steel, which is an indispensable material for buildings, automobiles, ships and motors. 1997 Japan's crude steel consumption is 86 million tons, with a per capita consumption of 685 kilograms. From 65438 to 0998, Japanese crude steel output was 93.55 million tons, ranking third in the world after China and the United States. In terms of high value-added steel products such as special steel, Japanese technology ranks among the best in the world. After 1980s, due to the appreciation of the yen, Japan imported more steel raw materials. 1998 Japan imported120.78 million tons of iron ore, of which Australia accounted for 52.7%, Brazil for 2 1.3%, India for 13.2% and South Africa for 3.8%. 60.63 million tons of raw coal were imported, of which 50.4% were from Australia, 24.5% from Canada, 7.2% from the United States and 5.9% from Indonesia. As of July 1999, the main steel enterprises in Japan are Nippon Steel, Nippon Steel Pipe, Kawasaki Steel, Sumitomo Metal Industry, Nippon Steel, Kobe Steel and Beihai Steel. In addition to steel, Japan also uses a large number of metals such as copper and zinc for industrial production. Second, the machinery industry machinery industry is the center of Japanese industry. 1997 Japan has135,000 machinery factories with 3.98 million employees. Japan has a high level of mechanical technology and is famous for its transportation machinery such as automobiles, electrical and electronic machinery such as televisions, precision instruments such as cameras and watches, and general machinery such as computers. In recent years, with the development of semiconductor technology, there are more and more high-tech products with excellent performance and products beneficial to environmental protection. Japan exported a large number of mechanical products, with a total mechanical export of 37,267.8 billion yen and a total import of1195.3 billion yen in 1998. Starting from 1 and automobile 1970, Japan's automobile industry replaced the steel industry and became the largest industry in Japan, which played a vital role in the development of Japanese industry. In 1980s, Japanese automobile production exceeded 1 10 million vehicles for the first time. 1990 reached13.49 million, the highest in history, and then showed a downward trend. 196 There were 780,000 employees in the automobile manufacturing field in Japan, and the automobile output reached 4 1 trillion yen, accounting for 29% of the total machinery output. 1998 Japanese cars 1005 million, accounting for 19.3% of the world's automobile production. 1998 the proportion of Japanese cars exported to the United States is 29.0%, Germany is 7.0%, Australia is 6.8%, and Britain is 4.2%. Due to the growth of Japanese automobile exports and the expansion of trade surplus, countries require Japan to reduce automobile exports and increase Japanese automobile production overseas. 1998, 5.867 million Japanese cars were produced overseas, of which 502,000 were produced in China. As of March 1999, Japanese automobile factories are mainly distributed in Aichi, Shizuoka, Kanagawa, Hokkaido and Gunma. In order to control automobile exhaust emissions and prevent air pollution, Japan is stepping up the development of electric vehicles, but the complete popularization of electric vehicles is still far away. At present, the most striking is the electric and internal combustion dual-purpose vehicles, which are driven by electricity in cities and internal combustion engines in suburbs. Its carbon dioxide emission can be reduced by half, and its nitrogen oxide emission can be reduced to110. This dual-purpose vehicle was sold at the end of 65,438+0,997, and now it has spread to more than 65,438+0,000 vehicles. 2. Shipbuilding industry After the war, Japan's shipbuilding industry developed rapidly, and Japan's shipbuilding volume has remained the first in the world since 1956. Japan's shipbuilding industry was hit by the oil crisis in the 1970s, and its output declined, but it recovered in the 1990s. Japan has developed shipbuilding technology and can produce ships with various specifications and requirements. 1998, Japan received a new shipbuilding order of19800 tons, 4.38 million tons less than the previous year, accounting for 4 1.6% of the world's shipbuilding volume. 3. Machine tools show a country's processing technology level and industrial development level. Most Japanese machine tools use highly skilled numerical control devices (nc). 1998, Japan's machine tool output was $90 1 10,000, a decrease of $6,543.8 million over the previous year, but it still surpassed Germany and the United States, ranking first in the world, with an export value of $6.07 billion. Household appliances TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, microwave oven and other household appliances are very popular in Japanese families. Japanese household appliances are of good quality and are very popular overseas. In particular, 72% of TV sets and cameras are exported. With the development of semiconductor technology, Japan constantly develops new household appliances. Semiconductor technology is widely used in almost all fields such as machinery and home appliances. Japan's semiconductor technology is developed, especially the research and development of integrated circuits (ic) is in a leading position in the world. The characteristics of Japanese ic are small, light and high quality. The large-scale integrated circuit (lic) developed by LIC is not only widely used in industrial machinery, but also widely used in daily necessities such as subminiature computers, calculators and game machines. 1998 Japan's semiconductor output is 4,350.7 billion yen. 6. Computers Japanese computers are widely used in research institutes, universities, companies, banks and other fields, including information analysis and management, transaction processing, communication and so on. With the development of semiconductor technology, Japanese computers are gradually miniaturized and their performance is further improved. Home notebook computers are very popular, and the penetration rate of home computers in Japan is extremely high. From 65438 to 0998, Japan produced 9.9 million computers, including 9.64 million personal computers, accounting for 97.4%. The output of computers is 365,438+29.5 billion yen, of which the output of personal computers is 2,093.4 billion yen, accounting for 66.9%. Japan exports a large number of computers, mainly to the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Singapore and so on. And imports mainly come from the United States, Taiwan Province Province, Singapore and so on. From 65438 to 0998, Japanese computer exports totaled 3503 billion yen, of which 80.8 billion yen was exported to China, accounting for 2.3%. The total import volume was 2,075.3 billion yen, of which10.37 billion yen was imported from China, accounting for 6.6%. 7. Industrial robots Industrial robots are a combination of cutting-edge mechanical technology and electronic technology. Japan has developed robot technology, which is the country that uses the most industrial robots in the world, and it is used by both large and small factories. Industrial robots produced in Japan are mainly used in welding, painting, processing, assembly, inspection and other fields, which greatly improves production efficiency. At the end of 1998, there were 4 12000 industrial robots used in Japan. 1998, there were 6 1000 industrial robots produced in Japan, amounting to 465.4 billion yen. Three. Chemical Industry The development of Japan's chemical industry mainly relies on imported oil, natural gas and other raw materials for production. The chemical products produced in Japan mainly include plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, sulfuric acid, medicines, coatings, cosmetics and films. The chemical industry requires a high level of production technology and equipment, so scientific research plays a vital role in the development of the chemical industry. Japan has invested a lot of money in scientific research in the chemical industry. The progress of chemical industry has greatly promoted the development of automobile, information and biological industries. From 65438 to 0997, Japan's chemical industry employed 420,000 people and produced 34 trillion yen, surpassing the steel industry. Petrochemical industry is the focus of Japanese chemical industry, and half of the output of chemical industry is created by petrochemical industry. Japan's petrochemical products mainly include plastics, synthetic rubber and chemical fibers. Japan's petrochemical industry implements intensive production, refining oil and other raw materials for many times, comprehensively utilizing and implementing one-stop production. By the end of 1998, the petrochemical joint ventures in Japan mainly included: Nippon Petrochemical, Mitsubishi Petrochemical, Light Chemical, Mitsui Chemical, Asahi Kasei Chemical, Sumitomo Chemical, Maruyama Petrochemical and Dongran Chemical. In recent years, with the intensification of competition in the international petrochemical industry, in order to strengthen its competitiveness, Japan's petrochemical industry has been merging and cooperating, and Nippon Oil and Mitsubishi Oil have merged into a new Nishi Mitsubishi Company. 1998 The world plastic output was14,4310,000 tons, with Japan accounting for 9.6%. Sulfuric acid is mainly used to make fertilizer. 197 Japan produced 6.83 million tons of sulfuric acid. 1996 in the fertilizer year (from July of that year to June of the following year), Japan produced 880,000 tons of nitrogen fertilizer, 280,000 tons of phosphate fertilizer and 8.07 million tons of potash fertilizer.

Edit this paragraph of Japan's light industry

1. Textile industry is the main industry in Japan after the war, which has played a great role in the revitalization of Japan's economy. However, with the shift of Japanese industrial center to heavy chemical industry and the low price of overseas textile products, the sales of Japanese textile products are sluggish and the status of textile industry is declining. In the industrial production of 65438-0997, the proportion of textile products is only 2.8%, and the export of textile products only accounts for 2.0% of the total export. 1998 Japan's linear output was1184,000 tons, including 222,000 tons of natural fibers such as cotton and wool, accounting for 18.8%, and 96 10/00,000 tons of chemical fibers, accounting for 81. 1998 Japan's fabric output is 3.232 billion cubic meters. 1998 Japan imported 335,000 tons of cotton, mainly from the United States and Australia. Second, the food industry 1997 Japanese food industry employees1280,000 people, producing 35.4 trillion yen. 1997, bread and cakes account for 12. 1%, aquatic food accounts for 1 1.6%, cigarettes account for 7.0%, beer accounts for 6.8%, dairy products account for 6.5%, and soft drinks account for 6.4%. Recently, with the change of lifestyle, healthy food with low calorie and low salt is popular. Third, the kiln industry Japanese kilns mainly produce cement, glass, ceramics and so on. Cement and glass in Japan are mainly produced by large enterprises. 1998 Japan's cement output is 8 1.33 million tons, and its export is 76 1 10,000 tons. As of 1 April 19991day, there were 19 cement enterprises and 44 factories in Japan, mainly in Kanto and Kyushu. During the period of 1998, Japan produced 26.03 million cases of flat glass, exported 550,000 cases and produced 2.93 million cases of glass products. 1998 the sales volume of Japanese ceramics is 433 billion yen, and the producers are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, of which Aichi and Gifu counties account for more than 50%. Paper-making and Pulp Industry Japan's paper consumption is second only to that of the United States. From 65438 to 0998, the output of Japanese paper was 29.89 million tons, of which 60% was paper and 40% was cardboard. The output of pulp is 654.38+00.92 million tons, of which 99% is used for papermaking. 198 The consumption of pulp raw materials was 36120,000m3, of which sawdust accounted for 96.6% and logs for 3.4%. Raw materials for papermaking are 29.76 million tons, of which waste paper accounts for 54.5% and pulp accounts for 45.4%. Recently, due to the popularity of photocopiers and computers, paper consumption has increased. In order to protect forests and save energy, Japan vigorously promotes paper reuse, and the recovery rate of waste paper and the proportion of waste paper in papermaking raw materials both exceed 50%. 5. Other light industries In addition to the above industries, light industries include wood and wood products, furniture manufacturing, publishing and printing, leather products manufacturing and toys. Among them, the output of publishing and printing industry has surpassed that of kiln industry, paper making and pulp industry.

Edit this paragraph: electricity, nuclear energy and industrial water in Japan.

After the war, Japan's power generation was mainly based on hydropower. In 1960s, with the development of oil in the Middle East, Japan's thermal power generation increased greatly. There were two oil crises in the 1970s, and Japan began to develop nuclear power generation, which greatly increased. At the same time, Japan is still studying the use of geothermal energy, fuel cells, solar energy, wind power and other new energy sources to generate electricity, but due to high cost and small power generation, little progress has been made. 1998, Japan's power generation was 1.05 trillion kilowatts, of which hydropower accounted for 9.8%, thermal power accounted for 58. 1%, and nuclear power accounted for 3 1.8%. 1By the end of February, 1998, there were 52 atomic furnaces in Japan, and the capacity of power generation equipment was 45.08 million kilowatts. Nuclear power generation is developing smoothly. Japan's nuclear energy technology has a good international evaluation, but the nuclear material leakage incident in Shoudao Village, Ibaraki Prefecture makes people doubt the safety of nuclear power generation. Water is an indispensable resource for industrial production. In particular, cooling water accounts for about 77% of industrial water. Chemical, steel, paper and pulp industries consume a lot of water. 6 1% of industrial water in Japan is reclaimed water, in order to save water resources. In recent years, due to the abnormal climate, little rain in summer and the decline of industrial water consumption, solving the problem of water shortage in summer has become a major issue.