Huang Zhigen, Tea Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3 10029
Starting from the origin of tea ceremony, that is, the artistic conception of tea, this paper discusses the essential connotation of tea pursuit and points out that the artistic conception of tea is indispensable to the origin and development of tea culture. Tea ceremony; Artistic conception; tea culture
1 The earliest word "tea ceremony" comes from the artistic conception of tea and carries the spiritual utility of tea.
The word "tea ceremony" is an admirable world in the hearts of tea lovers. It first comes from Jiao Ran's poem "Drinking Tea Song as Cui Shiwang" and is known as a poet and a tea monk. This poem begins with a description of the tea affair, followed by "a glass of wine washes away drowsiness and makes you feel refreshed;" Drink my god again, and suddenly it is like flying rain and sprinkling light dust; After three drinks, you will get the word. Why break the boredom? "It is a rendering of the artistic conception of the tea affair, and it is an extraordinary artistic conception drawn from the feelings of the tea affair. The word "tea ceremony" was introduced in the last sentence "Who knows that tea ceremony is true, only Dan Qiu is like this". After reading the poem, what I feel most is the artistic conception of the tea affair: first spread out the tea affair scene before drinking tea, then gradually deepen it until it is wonderful, and then there are "Tao" and "tea ceremony" The lofty artistic conception can really be described as "Tao can be Tao, extraordinary Tao". Another poem by Jiao Ran ("Tea Song to Zheng Rong") "Dan's five feathers are lighter than jade, and the wings of tea are born ... The grass is broken in the frost, and the flowers are born again. Rewarding you with this tea can cure my illness and make people anxious. Before the incense burner was finished in the morning, I was drunk and walked on the tiger cloud, singing and sending you out. "It also has the same effect, linking the meaning of tea with friendship. The artistic conception of the poem is also reminiscent of the relationship between Jiao Ran and Cha Sheng Lu Yu (which can be proved by the related tea poems). Lu Yu and Jiao Ran have forgotten each other's friendship, and the tea ceremony mentioned by Jiao Ran is naturally influenced by Lu Yu. It was in Huzhou that Lu Yu got to know Jiao Ran, further accumulated knowledge, and finally became a learned man, completing the final version of the Tea Classic (Yan Zhenqing was also influenced and wrote a poem "Clean Bones and Dredge the Mind").
Tea culture contains profound national thoughts and essence, which is accumulated from history and exerts a subtle influence with the artistic conception of tea. Specifically, people are influenced by the beautiful artistic conception brought by tea after feeling and experiencing the connotation of tea and tea culture. It is the essence of tea to go deep into the wonderful realm of tea, experience the spirit of tea (such as the connotation of "thrift") and combine it with people's spiritual pursuit. We express this influence in an illusory way, which can be called the artistic conception related to tea, and it is the basis or important content of tea ceremony; The influence of Jiao Ran Tea Ceremony is also inseparable from its profound artistic conception.
The artistic conception of tea is the framework of tea ceremony and the * * * nature of tea affairs in different times.
It has a history of more than 1000 years since Jiao Ran put forward "Tea Ceremony". Today's tea culture experts imagine that starting from contemporary practice, they have different opinions on the famous tea ceremony in history from different angles, which are simple, detailed and profound; However, tea culture is difficult for beginners to master (objectively influenced by the different practices and theories of Japanese tea ceremony), and even has the connotation of the word "tea ceremony", so it is ok not to say it. The more you talk about it, the more vague it becomes, which is mainly caused by the different degree and scope of tea practice, the different starting points of researchers and different value orientations. It is not surprising that beginners find it difficult to perceive, identify and grasp. Generally speaking, the tea ceremony is born from people's feelings about tea and enters a deeper artistic conception. The tea ceremony is closely accompanied by the artistic conception of tea. Similar tea events will have different levels of experience and feelings because of personal differences (cultivation, interest, event background, etc.). ), that is, there is a similar sense of identity in the artistic conception of tea; In this way, tea events can often have themes to guide people to participate. Of course, if you want to gain profound understanding and significance from tea, you need to have higher requirements for tea, traditional culture and even personal cultivation. This is the case with the tea ceremony proposed by Jiao Ran. Some people call it "the sky is raining and crisp, the grass is near in color and there is nothing", and Ouyang Xiu's "truth, goodness, beauty and illusion" also belongs to this meaning. People's understanding of the widely respected "virtue of thrift" (the spirit of tea ceremony) varies from person to person (for example, in degree), but after experiencing the artistic conception carried by tea affairs, their understanding and promotion of self-cultivation has taken a step forward. In contemporary times, some people use Du Fu's poem "Night with the wind, moistens things silently" to compare the wonderful artistic conception of tea affairs, and "observe" it with human nature, which is also the induction after the tea ceremony. The artistic conception related to the spirit of tea ceremony will naturally not deviate from the tea ceremony.
Due to the development of society, the forms, means, social environment and objects of tea ceremony will change accordingly. The tea ceremony designated by Jiao Ran has profound implications. Even if modern people can "build" it, they can also experience the illusory artistic conception of "the dialogue between man and nature, man and history". However, the development of tea and cultural historical facts prove that it has been a tea affair for thousands of years. People hope to get spiritual effect or humanistic observation through tea affairs, so it is necessary for Liu Tea Ceremony to keep pace with the times. In other words, it is important to guide people to feel and experience the pleasure and spiritual understanding that tea can bring to people. For example, people enter their wonderful or unexpected ideal artistic conception and experience through tea, and are subtly influenced by it, rather than paying too much attention to form. This is the artistic conception of tea related to tea ceremony emphasized in this paper. It can not only embody the spirit of tea ceremony, but also meet the requirements of the times of contemporary tea affairs. For example, modern people like the fragrance of tea, the clarity of tea and the lingering of tea smoke, so people will consciously or unconsciously place themselves in tea and feel the artistic conception of tea; On this basis, if we can guide the conscious practice of tea affairs, discover and gain insights, it is what we often say is the spiritual pleasure brought by tea affairs. The artistic conception of tea is the similarity of tea affairs in different times.
Seeking artistic conception in tea tasting experience, realizing the true meaning of life, conforms to the progress of the times.
Seeking artistic conception in tea tasting experience, rather than specific tea ceremony programs, and getting insight or spiritual "purification" from it is a correction made by people who limit tea ceremony to deep or stylized understanding. With the development of the times and the acceleration of the pace of life, the scene of small bridges and flowing water has retreated to parks or families-'corner; In order to catch up with the economic tide and adapt to the tense work rhythm, even if people are nostalgic, they can only stick to traditional culture in their hearts and treat people and things around them with a "shallow" attitude, so colorful entertainment emerges as the times require. Obviously, the taste of tea by literati in history will make young people feel quite serious. It represents Yanchi, a place with a profound cultural tradition and historical precipitation of 5,000 years. People are cautious about tea tasting, not to mention abstruse or mysterious tea ceremony. Fortunately, due to historical and cultural reasons in China, people can drink tea, and people like the "Coca Cola" of tea, so naturally they won't refuse the mood it can bring. After all, tea is fragrant in their mouth, and through understanding and guidance, it will help to add luster to the poetic life. Why not? Contemporary tea art, which has been widely accepted by people, can also be understood as guiding the communication between the artistic conception of tea and tea ceremony, and showing the connotation of "truth, goodness and beauty" on the basis of "Coca Cola" of tea.
With the development of modern tea science, it is difficult to explain the patent tea ceremony of literati or masters in history, but it is beneficial to make an "artistic" interpretation. The touching function of tea is to give people a comfortable feeling by giving full play to its color, fragrance and shape, while modern science and technology can experience the fun brought by tea by understanding its natural science, such as learning its natural quality characteristics-tea science, just like desirable personality and situation-"tea is a unique and truly civilized drink, which is the embodiment of politeness and spirit" (Korea). The whole truth in Jiao Ran's poem Tea Ceremony can be understood from two aspects. First, tea is a truly healthy and civilized drink. The natural scientific nature of tea shows that tea is an ideal drink in 2 1 century, which is helpful for nourishing and calming the nerves. In terms of fitness, it has the same efficacy and conditioning effect as traditional Chinese medicine. Second, tea is related to "human nature", that is, the human nature close to "Tao" (there is a saying that "tea ceremony is human nature"). Some people put it another way: when people are arguing about the goodness and evil of human nature, the essence of tea and its accompanying artistic conception give people the enlightenment that the original side of people is the most "natural" when drinking tea.
The artistic conception of tea, accompanied by tea, gives people fresh, elegant, leisurely, leisurely, cordial and natural; Therefore, tea is different from general appetite and material desire. Drinking tea can become a habit to help people think and increase their interest. If someone calls for a toast and a cup of tea, it is understood as expectation, which is quite vivid; Another example is what a scholar said: "Tea is a kind of thing, which can lead us to a contemplative life world." This is guided by the artistic conception in tea, which makes people relax their "mind" from their feelings about tea, and make people know the people and things in the world more wisely, or feel that "the mind is originally a pot of tea, which contains various flavors and is always new because of breathing." This seems to link the artistic conception of tea with "tea is the Tao"
Enlightenment on the artistic conception, customs and daily life of tea, profound understanding of the essence of traditional culture, and the connection with tea ceremony.
The artistic conception of tea can reach the deep level of China traditional culture from ordinary tea events. The historical practice of tea shows that tea permeates the realm of Confucianism, Taoism and mourning, and the ceremony of Confucianism, the cultivation of Buddhism and the leisure of Taoism are vividly reflected in the atmosphere of tea. Among Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the deepest feeling is the feeling of leisure, so many hermits have the habit of loving tea. Of course, the days when we crossed the gate of Ye Yun Crane were all tea, leisurely and elegant. Holding a cup of tea in hand is refreshing and purifying the soul, which is not comparable to ordinary drinks. However, this passive and leisurely lifestyle is still not fully reflected in the artistic conception of tea, which contains the ultimate accumulation factors, such as the spirit of tea, and Su Dongpo also has the gift of "Ye Jiachuan", which is one of the pillars of tea culture; Tea, unlike alcohol and tobacco, can temporarily cure addiction. From the original cultural meaning, tea should not be a "medicine" to relieve boredom. It just gives people a "quiet" mentality. When your thoughts drift with the "sex" of tea, the thoughts of the tea drinker are "curing" his troubles. Get you back on your feet. The efficacy of tea in this respect is considered by many people to be the embodiment of Confucianism. Confucianism still adheres to the doctrine of the mean and "courtesy". It should be said that this long-term influence of Confucianism has played a certain role in tea culture, both in the past and now. China people regard tea as a kind of ceremony, and tea has become a part of the toast ceremony, such as widely existing in folk customs. These can be regarded as the traces of Confucianism (or the "blood" of the nation). As for the Confucian thought of "harmony but difference" embodied in the tea affair, people have long thought that tea is an ideal medium for people to communicate and socialize.
"Tea ceremony is a noble spiritual accomplishment and realm. It communicates with each other (including its own body and mind-author's note) by drinking tea. It is civilized and elegant, and has a deep relationship with Zen. " For example, the Buddhist origins of Lu Yu and Jiao Ran, and the profound theory of "tea Zen blindly". The "depth" mentioned here is the difference in artistic conception. Zen advocates "epiphany", that is, ordinary people can become Buddhas. As long as they pay attention to practice and practice to a certain extent, "enlightenment" is a matter of time. His practice is far from asceticism, and later he advocated that everything is practice, depending on the reasons for his actions (not contrary to the original intention of the founder of Buddhism). As a custom of self-cultivation and cultivation, drinking tea has spread to this day, and whether tea is valuable or not is not something that big tea people can rely on. It can be said that tea corresponds to Buddhism, and it is also the requirement of today's "tea without me": people should abstain from likes and dislikes, conform to the original intention of tea, and blend into the artistic conception of tea. Combining drinking tea with practice, people can daydream in the artistic conception of tea. ...
The artistic conception of tea is consistent with the connotation of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in traditional culture, and it is a framework of tea ceremony that spans time and space. "Tea ceremony is a comprehensive cultural form, which originated in a specific era. It is based on the opportunity of Confucianism to govern the world, relying on the indifference of Buddhism, and at the same time brimming with the brilliant ideals of Taoism, pursuing elegance and yearning for harmony. " Isn't this an artistic conception related to tea?
Finally, quote a passage related to the artistic conception of tea for appreciation or help people feel.
"Drinking tea is an act, but its meaning in people's minds is not as simple as action. It has become an artistic conception and a culture. Sometimes, drinking tea is a kind of enjoyment, which makes you feel more comfortable and communicate more smoothly. Sometimes drinking tea is a kind of thinking, returning to oneself in reverie and recalling the past. Innocence is the essence of human beings. Only in the bitterness and sweetness of tea can you truly understand life. Sometimes, tea is an incentive. Feel the bitterness of tea, abandon that melancholy, raise your confused eyes at the moment when tea and mood ring, and let the fresh air blow, so that you can stand up again and face everything. This is tea, ordinary tea, extraordinary artistic conception: extraordinary in ordinary. There is no lack of passion in elegance, which makes you more sober and calm. For those of us who can't taste tea, this artistic conception is intoxicating. "