Grammar commonly used in CET-4

Selected Grammars Used in CET-4

Selected Grammar of Conjunction Ⅴ in College English Band 4 (12)

coordinating conjunction

Extension of meaning: and, both … and, not only … but (also), and, and … also, not also.

Indicate a choice: or, have ... or

Turning point: but, while, where, yet, how/never (also can be considered as adverbs).

Cause and effect: because, therefore, therefore, therefore

subordinate conjunctions

Represents time: when, while, as, after, before, since, until, once, once.

Reason: because, as, since, now that, see that.

Conditions: if, never, in case, provide (that), support, as long as, conditional (that),

Express other relationships: (al) pass, compare, as/so … as, rest, for that, so … that.

ⅵ attributive clause

Restrictive attributive clauses and non-restrictive attributive clauses: restrictive attributive clauses are an indispensable part of noun phrases, which will cause ill sentences or unclear meanings if removed; Non-restrictive attributive clauses are supplementary explanations, and their removal will not affect the main meaning. They are usually separated from antecedents by commas.

When it rains, the boys who want to play football are disappointed.

If the antecedent of an attributive clause is a proper noun, or an adjective subject pronoun (my, his, etc) or an adjective demonstrative pronoun (this, that, etc) is used as a determiner, the following attributive clause is usually non-restrictive:

Mary Smith in the corner wants to see you.

Her mother suffered from arthritis for a long time and passed away last night.

All these books are donated by visiting professors and will be used by graduate students.

In non-restrictive attributive clauses, you can only use who/who to refer to people and which to refer to things, but generally you don't use that.

My father visited America and came back yesterday.

All the books with illustrations were given to the little girl.

The leading word of attributive clause

Nonrestrictive attributive clause. When you modify people, you usually use who, and sometimes you use that (who is often the subject). If the relative pronoun is used as the object in the clause, the object clause whoor that should be used, but it can be omitted in most cases, and who can be used instead of who in spoken English.

This is the man you have been looking for.

He is a man you can trust with confidence.

The people you are talking to are Swedes.

There are some people here that I want you to meet.

But only who can be used after prepositions:

This is the man I mentioned.

But in spoken English, prepositions are usually placed after sentences, so they can be used, but they are often omitted.

Have you met the man he talked about?

The girl with whom I talked is my cousin.

The girl talking to me is my cousin.

If the restrictive attributive clause modifies "thing", the commonly used relative pronoun is sometimes used which ... When this pronoun is used as the object in the clause, it is mostly omitted, especially in spoken English (especially when the modified words are all, everything, etc.). ):

Do you have everything you need?

What can I do for you?

All you have to do is press the button.

20 16 College English Grammar Guide (4)

1. The children went there to see the iron tower.

A stands, B stands, C stands, D stands.

Watches are used to watch TV and games; See for watching movies;

Sensory verbs look, look and listen; Sensory verb+noun (pronoun) +do

Being emphasized is the result of action; What is emphasized is the process of action.

2. The engine emits smoke and steam.

A give up B give up C give up D give up

Give up; Give in, give in; To emit (smoke and gas);

Leak the news, leak the wind; The process of the groom's father giving the bride's hand to the groom in the wedding; Send gifts.

The manager promised to let me know the progress of our business.

A notice b notice c notice d notice

Keep sb. +participle; Notice; Inform; Inform sb. Of something. About something.

Let me know, let me know.

It seems that the goal he has been striving for all his life is no longer important to him.

After which is A, which is B, which is C, which is D.

Fight with sb. (pay attention to the whole sentence); Fight with+tool. Fight with this tool. strive for ...

I fought with him. I got into a fight with him. I fought against her with him. I fought against her with him.

Despite the extremely difficult conditions, they persisted.

A carry forward b carry forward c carry forward d carry forward

Although; Go on, go on.

I want to rent a house, which is modern and comfortable, and in a quiet neighborhood.

The most important, the most important

In a word, in a word; First of all, especially; After all, after all; "comprehensive synthesis", overall

In short, in short, in the end, in short, in short.

7._B_ We have finished the course, and we will start to do more review work.

Up to now

Since, because (equivalent to self); ever since ...

A few expressions that meet this point can be followed by sentences:

Since, because; That's because; Except, except ...

Add a noun or pronoun after except; Add a sentence after except that.

What you did was to follow the doctor's advice.

A is attached to B and responsible for resisting C. D is the opposite.

Be attached to, be attached to; This school is affiliated to Peking University. This school is attached to Peking University.

Be responsible for; Resistant; Waterproof is waterproof.

Contrary to and. . On the contrary (contrary)

9. John regretted attending the meeting last week.

A doesn't go, B doesn't go, C doesn't go, D doesn't go

Regret doing sth; Regret doing sth. Regret doing sth.

10. We regret to inform you that the material you ordered is _B_.

A unemployment, B shortage, C inability, D unfamiliarity.

Unemployment; Out of reach, out of reach; Without practice, there is no practice.

2065438+2006 College English Grammar Guide (3)

Gerund compound structure: As long as a verb can be followed by a gerund, you can add a gerund compound structure.

Action sender+gerund; When giving the name of the action sender: noun possessive case+gerund; When the gerund compound structure appears in the article and the action sender mentioned in the previous article: adjective object subject pronoun (accusative)+gerund.

Adjective possessive pronouns: his, hers, mine, yours, theirs and ours. Pronouns accusative: he, she, me, you, us, them.

The second point: want it if you want it; Want to do sth. Want to do sth. To do objective needs or lack.

Your hair needs trimming. You'd better finish it tomorrow.

A cut b cut c cut d is cut.

Note: doing what you want to do means being passive.

This room is too dirty and needs cleaning.

A cleaning b cleaning c being cleaned by cleaning d

The third point: despicable meaning; Plan to do sth. Plan to do sth. ; It means doing means … means …

There is a man at the reception desk who seems to be anxious. I think he is looking for trouble. [Reception]

Make, make, make

1. The children went there to see the iron tower.

A stands, B stands, C stands, D stands.

Watches are used to watch TV and games; See for watching movies;

Sensory verbs look, look and listen; Sensory verb+noun (pronoun) +do

Being emphasized is the result of action; What is emphasized is the process of action.

2. The engine emits smoke and steam.

A give up B give up C give up D give up

Give up; Give in, give in; To emit (smoke and gas);

Leak the news, leak the wind; The process of the groom's father giving the bride's hand to the groom in the wedding; Send gifts.

The manager promised to let me know the progress of our business.

A notice b notice c notice d notice

Keep sb. +participle; Notice; Inform; Inform sb. Of something. About something.

Let me know, let me know.

It seems that the goal he has been striving for all his life is no longer important to him.

After which is A, which is B, which is C, which is D.

Fight with sb. (pay attention to the whole sentence); Fight with+tool. Fight with this tool. strive for ...

I fought with him. I got into a fight with him. I fought against her with him. I fought against her with him.

Despite the extremely difficult conditions, they persisted.

A carry forward b carry forward c carry forward d carry forward

Although; Go on, go on.

2065438+2006 College English Grammar Guide (2)

If the phrase part has no independent subject, this phrase structure is called a non-predicate verb.

The structure of non-predicate verbs: participle (participle phrase)

The subject of a sentence determines whether the word segmentation in a non-predicate verb is active or passive. If the subject of the sentence acts, use the present participle; If the action is not made by the subject of the sentence, use the past participle.

1. No matter how often, Beethoven's works always attract a large audience.

A has been executed, b has been executed, c is to be executed, and d is being executed.

Perform vt. Performance, performance, performance;

What will be executed will be played; What is being executed is playing;

Some special verbs:

The first point: forget to forget; [antonym] Remember;

After these two words, an infinitive is added to indicate the behavior to be carried out; These two words are followed by the verb ing, indicating what has been done.

Note: Gerund and present participle have the same form, but different meanings. These two words are gerunds of the verb ing.

Forget to do sth. Forget to do sth. Forget to do sth. Forgot to do something;

Remember to do sth. Remember to do sth. Remember doing something. Remember doing something.

If we are in trouble, I remember to help us.

A once suggested b, he once suggested c, he suggested d suggested him.

Provide. Put forward, provide; Offer to sb. Something. Offer to do sth.

It is also correct to change the sacrifice to a sacrifice.

Gerund compound structure: As long as a verb can be followed by a gerund, you can add a gerund compound structure.

Adjective possessive pronouns: his, hers, mine, yours, theirs and ours. Pronouns accusative: he, she, me, you, us, them.

The second point: want it if you want it; Want to do sth. Want to do sth. To do objective needs or lack.

Your hair needs trimming. You'd better finish it tomorrow.

A cut b cut c cut d is cut.

1. The children went there to see the iron tower.

A stands, B stands, C stands, D stands.

Watches are used to watch TV and games; See for watching movies;

Sensory verbs look, look and listen; Sensory verb+noun (pronoun) +do

Being emphasized is the result of action; What is emphasized is the process of action.

2. The engine emits smoke and steam.

A give up B give up C give up D give up

Give up; Give in, give in; To emit (smoke and gas);

Leak the news, leak the wind; The process of the groom's father giving the bride's hand to the groom in the wedding; Send gifts.

The manager promised to let me know the progress of our business.

A notice b notice c notice d notice

Keep sb. +participle; Notice; Inform; Inform sb. Of something. About something.

Let me know, let me know.

It seems that the goal he has been striving for all his life is no longer important to him.

After which is A, which is B, which is C, which is D.

Fight with sb. (pay attention to the whole sentence); Fight with+tool. Fight with this tool. strive for ...

I fought with him. I got into a fight with him. I fought against her with him. I fought against her with him.

Despite the extremely difficult conditions, they persisted.

A carry forward b carry forward c carry forward d carry forward

Although; Go on, go on.

Note: doing what you want to do means being passive.

This room is too dirty and needs cleaning.

A cleaning b cleaning c being cleaned by cleaning d

The third point: despicable meaning; Plan to do sth. Plan to do sth. ; It means doing means … means …

There is a man at the reception desk who seems to be anxious. I think he is looking for trouble. [Reception]

Make, make, make

20 16 college English grammar guide (1)

Non-predicate verbs and independent nominative: phrases, sentences (or sentences and phrases)

When the phrase part has an independent subject, and the subject is different from the sentence subject, this phrase structure is called an independent nominative case. Its most obvious feature is that the phrase part has an independent subject.

Absolute construction 1: noun (pronoun)+participle [present participle, past participle]

The present participle indicates active and ongoing behavior; Past participle indicates passive and complete behavior. When doing the problem, we should judge the relationship between the action and the noun (pronoun) to determine whether to use the present participle or the past participle. Use the present participle when a noun (pronoun) makes an action, and use the past participle when a noun (pronoun) is the subject.

1. Silver is the best conductor, followed by copper.

A tracking b tracking c tracking d being tracked.

Everything, the planned trip will have to be cancelled.

I've thought about it.

Cancel cancel; Cancel; Cancel. Cancel; The test center of Band 4 is the difference between present participle and past participle.

Absolute construction 2:with+ noun (pronoun)+participle [adverbial in sentence]

3. After the Arab countries won their independence, they attached great importance to the development of education, and both boys and girls could go to school.

Encourage, encourage, encourage.

And sum (equivalent to and); If you are encouraged, you will not take the exam.

The infinitive has the meaning of predicting future behavior. Participation will be encouraged;

Contrary to the predicate verb of the main sentence, engagement is encouraged; Engagement is encouraged.

If the phrase part has no independent subject, this phrase structure is called a non-predicate verb.

The structure of non-predicate verbs: participle (participle phrase)

1. No matter how often, Beethoven's works always attract a large audience.

A has been executed, b has been executed, c is to be executed, and d is being executed.

Perform vt. Performance, performance, performance;

What will be executed will be played; What is being executed is playing;

Some special verbs:

The first point: forget to forget; [antonym] Remember;

After these two words, an infinitive is added to indicate the behavior to be carried out; These two words are followed by the verb ing, indicating what has been done.

Note: Gerund and present participle have the same form, but different meanings. These two words are gerunds of the verb ing.

Forget to do sth. Forget to do sth. Forget to do sth. Forgot to do something;

Remember to do sth. Remember to do sth. Remember doing something. Remember doing something.

If we are in trouble, I remember to help us.

A once suggested b, he once suggested c, he suggested d suggested him.

Provide. Put forward, provide; Offer to sb. Something. Offer to do sth.

It is also correct to change the sacrifice to a sacrifice.

20 16 Summary of Common Test Scenarios of CET-4 Listening 10 (4)

Scene 4: Shopping

1. Buy clothes

basic vocabulary

There are various sizes and models.