1947 Introduction of Hainan University, a former private university

Create background

Before the establishment of private Hainan University, higher education in Hainan was blank. "Young students on the island who want to go to colleges and universities are all lost in Yangcheng, Guangdong or go to Beijing and Shanghai." After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a group of people with lofty ideals, celebrities, patriotic overseas Chinese,

First gathered in Chongqing, the capital at that time, and then gathered in Yangcheng to discuss Hainan's education revitalization plan.

Preparation process

1From June 9th to June 8th, 9461947+065438+1October 8th, then Guangzhou Mayor Chen Ce invited Hainan compatriots and enthusiastic educators to discuss the establishment of Hainan University, and established the preparatory committee for Hainan University. Chen Ce is the director of the preparatory committee. At the same time, the school board was established and Song Ziwen was elected as the chairman. For the convenience of work, Guangzhou Preparatory Committee and Joan Preparatory Committee are set up separately:

Guangzhou Organizing Committee: Chen Ce, Huang Zhenwu, Zeng Sansheng, Lin, Zhang Guangqiong, Ou Jian, Wang, Zhu Runshen, Tao Linying, Lu Dajie, Mai Fengqiu, Yun, Wu, Yun Yingbo, Han Hanfan and Liang Dapeng;

Preparatory Committee in Joan: Zeng Tongchun, Chen Honggan, Zhan Xing, Wu, Zhong, Zhou, Xian Rongxi, Zheng Bin, Yang Yongren, Wang Yongyuan, Feng, Li, Lin Yuchun, Chen Chuandong and Han Jingmin;

Board of Directors:, Zhang Fakui, Chen Ce, ieee fellow, Han, Lin, Chen, Guang, Fan Huiguo, Zhou, Huang Youluan and Yun Zhu Ting.

Successive presidents: From June 65438 to July 0947, the school board appointed Ren Guang as the first president, Fan Huiguo and Liang Dapeng as vice presidents, Liu Pinghou as the provost and Feng Suokai as the general manager.

At the beginning of 1949, Guang resigned, and the school board hired Fan Huiguo as the principal (1949.6,8, transferred to1950,4,) and Liang Dapeng as the vice principal.

School site: Coconut Garden, Haikou City, now the Navy 424 Hospital, the northwest coastal fort of Binhai Road. It is near the sea, with lush coconut groves and beautiful environment. And close to the city, convenient transportation. When the Japanese invaded Joan, it was the headquarters and naval hospital of the Japanese occupation army. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was subordinate to the military and political authorities of Qiongya.

Faculty setting: There are three colleges: Agricultural College, Medical College and Arts College.

The Agricultural College has three departments: agronomy, horticulture and agricultural economics.

The College of Arts and Sciences offers eight departments: China Literature, Foreign Literature, Politics, Economics, Education, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.

The medical college is temporarily divided into departments.

Source of funds: Private Hainan University was initially funded entirely by donations. At the initial stage of its establishment, its assets were nearly one million US dollars, and the current fee income was 1 654,380,000 yuan and HK$ 277,500. We describe some donors as follows:

Qiongji, who didn't want to be famous all over the world, donated 75 million yuan to Haikou Dafu Iron Works (address is now Haikou Shipyard) as a gift to Haida.

Han, the head of the school, donated 8652 ancient books such as Four Books and Sikuquanshu to Haida University.

Professor Ross, an Italian, has lived in China for several decades and served as Consul General and Consul General in Beiping, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hankou and Guangzhou. He donated all his 30 boxes of China historical documents and books to Haida University. Later, Mr. Ross also worked in Haida University, teaching Latin and working as a librarian.

Overseas Chinese in Hainan, Southeast Asia, are enthusiastic about their hometown education and are willing to scrimp and save money to run schools. For example, overseas Chinese in Thailand, such as Huang Youluan, Zeng, Feng Shiqi, yunzhu Pavilion, Han Xiezhun, Fu, Wu Qingyao and Feng, contributed the most.

Opening and enrollment: Hainan University, formerly run by the local people, started on June 8th, 1947, 165438+, 10/7.

Recruited three students. The first two times only enrolled students in Guangzhou and Haikou; For the third time, we increased enrollment in Hong Kong, Zhanjiang and Maoming. Students come from all over the world 10 for the rest of my life, mostly from Guangdong and Guangxi.

Number of students over the years:

Number of students

1947165438+1more than 400 people in October.

More than 300 people in August 1948

0949 February 65438+280 people

On April 20, 0949, 65438+274 people

65438+350 February 0950

March 0950 65438+296

Closure: 1950 In April, Hainan was liberated, the people's government took over the private Hainan University, and Hainan Branch of Southern University was established. Hainan University, once run by the people, ends here.

Sources of historical materials of private Hainan University:

1, Ruan Kangcheng, inspector of the Ministry of Education of the Kuomintang government, 1948 inspected the report Private Hainan University written by private Hainan University.

2. Liang Dapeng before and after Hainan University

3. What is Hainan's decade?

4. Lin Youhai's Creation of Hainan University before Liberation.

5. The document of the Ministry of Education of the Kuomintang "Changing Hainan University into a national university due to financial difficulties and inconvenience".

Dr. Guang, a famous physicist and the first president of Hainan University, was born in Ledong, Hainan.

Guang (1888— 1968), a native of Ledong, Hainan. Physicists and educators. In this paper, the determination of gas ion mobility is studied uniquely, and the absolute values of viscosity coefficients of several gases are determined accurately. He has made important contributions to the teaching and laboratory construction of Peking University Physics Department, and co-founded the first Dahua company in China to manufacture modern scientific instruments with Ding Zuocheng.

Guang, also known as Yan Jialu, is called Yaoqiu. 19 18 received a doctorate from the university of Chicago, USA, and engaged in teaching and research in the school. /kloc-returned to China in the autumn of 0/920, and served as professor and head of the Department of Physics in Peking University, and chairman of the Peking University Instrument Committee. 1922 was hired by the headmaster as the director of the instrument department of the physics department in February, and served as a member of the instrument Committee for many times.

From about 19 17, physics experiments have been held in science department of Peking University, and there are experiments in the first, second and third grades of undergraduate, with a weekly duration of 3 hours. Since Guang and Ding were in charge of physics department and preparatory course respectively, they have paid special attention to the construction of laboratories, purchased experimental instruments or self-made instruments, compiled experimental handouts and arranged experimental courses, trying to combine students' theoretical study with classroom experiments and cultivate their practical ability. At the same time, strengthen the teacher lineup and improve the teaching level. As a department head, Guang often carries pliers, cones and other common tools like an electrician. He not only does experiments and answers questions for students in the laboratory, but also often asks students and teaches them to make some simple iron or wooden utensils with knives, files, saws and chisels. In classroom teaching, Guang also made many simple teaching equipment for teaching and performing. With the efforts of Guang and Ding, the teaching quality of physics department of Peking University has been greatly improved, and it has also won people's attention to the department. In the early 1920s, the education circle was known as "Southern Hu and Northern Yan", and Hu, who presided over Southeast University, and Guang, the physics department of Peking University, were highly praised, which also showed their contributions to physics teaching and talent training in China.

At the end of 1920, Professor Xia Yuanli, who was visiting Germany, wrote to inform Peking University that A. Einstein was interested in visiting China. Hearing this, the teachers and students of Peking University were ecstatic. At that time, there was a legend in the international academic circles that "only half a dozen people in the world can really understand the principle of relativity" or "only six people". In order to welcome Einstein to give lectures at Peking University, especially to let the teachers and students of Peking University know some basic knowledge of relativity, the professors in the physics department of Peking University suddenly became very nervous and busy. Guang Yu 192 1 to 1 gave a systematic lecture on relativity in Peking University, reporting the origin of relativity, Einstein's theory of relativity and its development. Under his leadership, many professors rushed to publish reports on relativity, or published articles in newspapers and magazines. At that time, there was a craze for studying relativity. Although Einstein didn't visit Peking University as he hoped, people gained relevant knowledge from the lectures of professors from Peking University and were deeply impressed by the theory of relativity.

1924 to 1925, just going abroad for a year, visiting and studying in Cavendish laboratory of Cambridge University, England. At that time, E. Rutherford was conducting experiments of γ -particles bombarding nitrogen nuclei in the laboratory. What impressed him most about going abroad this time was that "a clever woman can't cook without rice", and China's scientific research instruments and equipment are too short! Physicists without any instruments in their hands may not be able to put their best scientific views into practice. After returning home, Guang resolutely gave up his position as a professor at Peking University and co-founded the first modern scientific instrument factory in China-Shanghai Dahua Scientific Instrument Company with physicist Ding Zuocheng (also known as Sasaki). Since then, China has produced its own physical instruments and meters.

1932, Chinese Physical Society was founded in Beijing. As a special representative, Guang rushed from Shanghai to Beijing to attend the meeting. At the founding meeting, he was elected as the director of the first Council of the Chinese Physical Society (the Council was established in the early days of the establishment of the Chinese Physical Society) and later served as a director. He enthusiastically supported and sponsored the cause of physics, leaving a deep impression in the field of physics.

Guang has been concerned about the development of education since he graduated from Peking University and transferred to industry. In Shanghai, he not only served as the president of Hainan University (Hainan Island), but also served as the head of the Department of Physics of Shanghai Guanghua University, the dean and vice president of the School of Science. In the mid-1930s, he was the director of the Department of Electric Power Management of the Ministry of Communications, a member of the Construction Committee and a member of the Resources Committee. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he presided over Guilin Radio Equipment Factory. During the 1950s and 1960s, he served as the director and engineer of the research office of Shanghai Dahua Scientific Instrument Company, the director of electric meter manufacturing in the Electrical Industry Bureau of East China Ministry of Industry, and the deputy director and chief engineer of Shanghai Electric Meter Factory. Persecuted during the Cultural Revolution,/kloc-0 died in Shanghai in 1968.

In the first two years of this century 10, the theory and experiment about ion migration were very confusing. One hypothesis holds that each single ion is not a single charged molecule, but a neutral molecular group surrounded by elementary charge. Therefore, when each molecule is uncharged, the mass of this ion is greater than the mass of the molecular cluster, and under the same conditions, this ion moves slower than a single uncharged molecule. Another hypothesis is that the ion is a single charged molecule or "small ion", and its slow mobility is due to its slow speed in the path of charged gas. These two hypotheses are different, but they were accepted by some people in the field of physics at that time. In terms of experiments, there are also contradictory results. At that time, different theoretical rooms and laboratories were competing with each other, and Guang was engaged in the study of gas ion mobility under the guidance of Professor Millikan.

Rutherford-Frank AC potential method is used for light, and Loeb also used this method in 19 16. The experimental device is the same as that used by Rob in 19 16, but it is improved in some details. First of all, light repeated Loeb's experiment; Then, the mobility of hydrogen ions was measured at a field strength of 9 to 6669 volts/cm, and the mobility of nitrogen ions was measured at a field strength of1to 17670 volts/cm. The experimental results not only proved the conclusion of "small ion", but also found the law of up = constant. Where u is mobility and p is gas pressure. The experiment of light was successful, convincing and made new discoveries because he paid special attention to the generation and purification of gas and the free electrons in gas, and carefully measured the relative number of free electrons under high pressure and low pressure. In this way, he can try to eliminate the influence of free electrons on ion migration. The experiment of light deepens people's understanding of the properties of ions and the reasons for their slow migration.

Before light, the most accurate method to measure the viscosity coefficient of gas is the so-called "escape method" in which gas flows through a capillary. In view of the randomness of the pore size, size and shape of the capillary tube, and the eddy current at its end, the most accurate measurement value of the flow escape method is only a relative value. Under the guidance of Professor Millikan, Guang pioneered the method of measuring the absolute value of gas viscosity coefficient. Another reason why he chose this topic is that after Millikan initiated the oil drop method to measure charge, the accuracy of measuring charge only depends on the absolute value of viscosity coefficient of oil drops in gas. Therefore, the determination of the absolute value of gas viscosity coefficient became an urgent task at that time.

The method of light is to make the outer cylinder rotate around another inner cylinder suspended by torsion suspension wire at a constant speed ω. The viscosity coefficient deduced theoretically is, where I is the moment of inertia of the suspension system, B is the radius of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, θ is the rotation angle of the inner cylinder, and L is the length of the inner cylinder. All the values in this formula can be measured with high precision. In the experiment, Millikan's design and improved constant deflection device were used, and the method of measuring deflection angle θ was improved, thus the accuracy was significantly improved. The error of the whole experimental result is not more than one thousandth. The viscosity coefficients of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen were measured by light, and the viscosity coefficient table recognized in the general physical and chemical table at that time was revised. (Author: Dai Nianzu)

Biographical notes

1888 was born in Ledong, Yaxian County, Guangdong Province (now Hainan Province). (Date of birth unknown)

1912-1920 studied mechanical engineering at Cornell university in the United States, and then specialized in physics. 19 16 entered the university of Chicago, and 19 18 received his doctorate from the university. After that, he stayed in school to teach, and the next year he worked in the Ryerson Physics Laboratory of the university.

1920— 1924 Professor and Head of the Department of Physics, Peking University (192 1— 1924).

1925 ——1937 used to be the chief engineer of Shanghai Dahua scientific instrument company, and concurrently served as the president of Hainan university, the head of the physics department of Guanghua university, the dean and vice president of the school of science.

1938 ——1946 Director of Guilin Radio Equipment Factory.

1946 ——1966 Director of Research Office of Shanghai Dahua Scientific Instrument Company, Deputy Director and Chief Engineer of Shanghai Electric Meter Factory.

Died in Shanghai on 1968 (date of death unknown).

The success of a university depends largely on whether the president is qualified. This problem is particularly important for private universities that have risen in difficulties. The reason why Hainan University has made great achievements in just two and a half years is closely related to the length of a school. I have to introduce these three principals here.

The first one is Liang Dapeng (191-1998), a native of Qionghai, Hainan. 1930 graduated from Fudan University, then lost to the United States, and successively obtained a master's degree from the University of Michigan and a doctorate from the University of new york. After finishing his studies, he returned to China and worked as a professor at Fudan University and Sun Yat-sen University. 65438-0947 Actively preparing for the establishment of Hainan University. In the name of managing director and acting president, he strongly recommended Dr. Guang, who is enthusiastic, enlightened and responsible for practical work, as president. One of his great contributions to Haida University is the implementation of an effective student management system. Haida is a private school, and the wind of freedom prevails. Therefore, the school has a strict and effective management system for students' daily routine, which enables students to develop good habits of studying hard, persevering, emphasizing order, loving neatness and stressing morality. 1949 after the autumn, the situation has changed dramatically. Overseas donations failed to come, and students dropped out of school because of financial difficulties, making it very difficult to operate. Liang Dapeng didn't flinch, trying to turn the tide. 1950, 18 flew to Taipei in February to discuss school funds, but failed to return.

The second place is Guang (1892— 1968), a native of Ledong, Hainan. Doctor of Physics, University of Chicago, USA. 192 1 returned to China and became a professor and head of the department of physics in Peking University. Since then, he has frequent contacts with Hu Shi and became close friends. From 65438 to 0928, he served as the director of the electric administration department of the Ministry of Communications of Nanjing Government. He has always been regarded as one of the best physicists in China. 1in the spring of 948, Liang Dapeng recommended the first president of Haida University. Strictly out of a sense of responsibility to serve Hainan's education, he resolutely resigned from his original post and returned to his hometown to take up this post. She has made great contributions to the development of the school (including making plans and collecting money from the society), but she also has some shortcomings. She blindly adopted the attitude of "governing by doing nothing" and "following the crowd", which ran counter to the strict discipline policy established by Liang Dapeng at the beginning and caused some turmoil in the school. In addition, she was ill at this time and wanted to go back to Shanghai for treatment in order to reduce her work. She resigned as headmaster at the beginning of 1949. 1968 was persecuted in Shanghai and died unjustly.

The third place is Fan Huiguo (1898— 1983), a native of Wenchang, Hainan. Master of Physics and Chemistry, Ph.D. in Mathematics and Science, University of Paris. 1930 returned to China and worked as a professor at Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, Nanjing Central University, Beijing Normal University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Fudan University. He is one of the famous mathematicians in China. He initiated the establishment of chinese mathematical society and served as the first executive director. He is also one of the pioneers of China's research on complex variable theory. 1June, 949 succeeded the second president of Haida University. As a scholar with profound academic attainments and rich teaching experience, he should be competent, but at this time, Haida University has fallen into a serious economic crisis, with repeated student flows, campus turmoil and almost no school affairs. What Fan can do is to run around with Liang Dapeng for help in an attempt to keep the sea from falling. This dedication should be respected and remembered by future generations. After the closure of Haida 195 1 year, Fan was appointed as the president of Hainan Normal University. 65438-0953 transferred to Beijing Normal University as professor and director of theoretical mechanics research office. 1983 died in Beijing Normal University. As instructed, the family donated some of their precious books to the library of Hainan University.

All three principals have good academic qualifications and qualifications. They attach great importance to the cultivation of high-quality teachers and put the hiring of outstanding scholars to teach in the school in the first place.

According to the survey data of Su Yunfeng, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province, there are a wide range of teachers in Haida University. At most, there are 9 foreign teachers from the United States, France, Germany, Japan, Italy and other countries. China teachers also come from nine provinces in Chinese mainland, of which Hainan accounts for one third of the total. The reason is that, in addition to using scholars such as Liang Dapeng and Guang, most of them rely on the nostalgia to encourage Hainan scholars to return to their hometowns to teach. According to incomplete statistics, there are 7 students studying in the United States, 7 in France, Germany 1, Japan 1, 3 masters and 0/5 bachelors. Qionglai teachers have the largest number of students studying in France, followed by the United States, and most of them have obtained doctoral degrees. Judging from it, the quality of teachers in Haida University is not low. Moreover, it was hard-won under the academic environment and conditions in Hainan at that time.