Section 1: Investigation Report on College Students' Consumer Social Practice
abstract:
In view of the increasingly obvious problem of college students' consumption fever, we conducted an online questionnaire survey, asked questions in the questionnaire, compared and analyzed the students' main expenditures every month, and summarized the main consumption destinations of college students in our school. Judging from the common phenomenon, there are obviously more simple students in our school than students who squander money, but the improvement of the current general living standard has directly led to a substantial increase in living expenses.
Key words:
College Students, Consumption, Price and Consumption Sources
Text:
With the continuous development of society, the consumption level of contemporary college students is increasing year by year, and more and more families feel the pressure to support a college student. Many people say that the consumption level of college students can basically catch up with white-collar workers. So, where does the high consumption of college students come from? Why do college students spend so much money?
The subjects of this survey are mostly sophomores. Although the problems reflected are not very comprehensive, they are also representative. Judging from the overall survey data, most students spend their monthly living expenses on basic living expenses such as meals, communication fees and transportation fees, but why is the living expenses getting bigger and bigger? According to our analysis, it may be caused by the improvement of the overall consumption level, rising prices and abundant materials. In addition, different regions and different environmental consumption levels are also important factors affecting college students' living expenses.
The survey results show that although the social economy has developed and people's living standards have generally improved, the consumption level of college students is still relatively low and the growth is not very fast. 3 1% college students' monthly living expenses are still limited to 400~600 yuan, and the monthly living expenses are mainly concentrated in 600~ 1000 yuan, accounting for 59.5%, while only 7. 1% college students' monthly living expenses are above 1000~ 1200 yuan. Judging from this data, the basic consumption structure of college students is relatively normal.
First of all, we find that most college students are very dependent on their parents and have a weak sense of independence. Most of their living expenses come from their families (865,438+0%), and only a few students can reduce their family burden by doing part-time jobs themselves (7.65,438+0%). On the one hand, it shows that our college students have poor independence, weak sense of responsibility and low viability, and will not be considerate of others. On the other hand, it reflects the common problems in China's higher education and family education, ignoring neutral quality and personality cultivation. The data that the respondents' funds are mainly provided by their parents or families also show that this situation is widespread among contemporary college students in China. We can't change many social factors, but we need to pay attention to the fact that many people actually take it for granted. Even if they work part-time, most students do not want to reduce their parents' burden or become financially independent as soon as possible, but to increase their personal experience and social experience. The difference in their sense of economic independence can be seen. Compared with their peers in developed countries in Europe and America, the gap is more obvious when they are 16 years old and will be economically independent. But from another angle, this is also a breakthrough for us to improve our economic awareness, which needs to be cultivated and strengthened. Robert, Nobel laureate in economics? Kiyosaki once said:? Financial management has nothing to do with how much money you earn. It is the ability to measure how much money you can keep and how long it can work for you. ?
There is a certain degree of polarization in consumption level, which is another remarkable feature of college students' consumption. According to relevant data, among the students of Wuhan University, the highest annual consumption reaches 28,500 yuan, while the lowest annual consumption is only 2 100 yuan. The average annual expenditure of college students is 8383.96 yuan. Among them, 92.7% of college students regard family supply as their main source of income, accounting for more than 70% of their total consumption. The higher the family income, the more economic supply for students, which constitutes a special luxury mode of college students' consumption, mainly in tourism, computers, mobile phones, entertainment and so on. In our survey, the polarization of college students' consumption is also reflected, but there are still a few high-spending people, and only 2.4% of the respondents live on 1200 a month. Students with low living standards are mainly frugal in entertainment, communication, clothing, etc., and their study expenses will be reduced appropriately.
After studying the amount of expenditure in various aspects, we found that students spend the most on food, while communication fees and entertainment fees tend to increase compared with the previous survey results, while the amount spent on learning has been very small compared with other aspects. As can be seen from the data in the table, the number of people who spend 250,400 on food is the largest. Eating and spending? It accounts for a high proportion of total consumption, so the Engel coefficient of college students is high, which may be the characteristic of this group. Generally speaking, the consumption of college students is still there? Food and clothing? Stage, that is, eating and wearing are still the main aspects of expenditure; But what about this? Food and clothing? Is there a direction? Xiaokang? Excessive trend (this can be seen from our increasing entertainment and communication expenses and potential love expenses). The small proportion of expenses spent on learning reflects that contemporary college students are not very active in learning mentality, have a weak desire to learn, and have too much experience in entertainment and other aspects of campus life. Schools and society can give appropriate guidance to college students, buy more books and read more books, strive to develop and improve themselves, enrich themselves and improve their value. The increase in the cost of interpersonal communication shows that students pay more and more attention to interpersonal communication in schools, which is both a good thing and worthy of attention. Further thinking, combined with the above data, we can see that? Don't listen to things outside the window, just read sage books? Our time has passed, and we are gradually growing into all-round talents in the new era. At present, we are not able to bear all the living expenses by ourselves, so we should always remind ourselves that we can't spend money indiscriminately, and many unnecessary expenses should be exempted one by one, so as to develop good financial habits during college.
Students are advised to control their desires, not to show off blindly and not to compare with others. The formation of comparison psychology is inevitable. How to face it? First of all, we should establish correct and scientific values that adapt to the trend of the times, gradually establish correct life norms, and give ourselves a rational position. College students really need a sense of competition, but not everything needs us to fight. There is no shame in being inferior to others for the last time in life, and there is no need to hold your head up.
Pay more attention to learning; Don't rush to make a move when shopping, and refer to other people's opinions more;
In addition, it is also helpful to learn how to manage money, make monthly expenditure plans and keep accounts for consumption. Financial management is actually a kind of management ability, how to manage your own wealth, and then improve the efficiency of wealth, how to plan and manage your own living ability.
The second part: social practice investigation report; Questionnaire survey on rural primary school education resources cognition.
1. Introduction
In the process of social practice, according to the current situation of rural primary schools' cognition and demand for educational resources, a questionnaire was designed, and the respondents were parents of students, distinguishing towns from villages. Because Shuangliushu Town mainly exports young and middle-aged laborers all the year round, it is summer vacation, and most parents of rural children are not at home, and these children are mostly taken care of by grandparents. On the first day of investigation in Fanpeng Village, we encountered such a situation that it was difficult to conduct a simple questionnaire survey. ? Grandparents? Few children can read. Occasionally I meet my uncle and aunt at home. Some of them warily say that they can't read. Some of them don't care about primary education because their children have grown up. Faced with this situation, we decided to be flexible, change our strategy, focus on interviews, weaken the questionnaire, try to chat with uncles and aunts in the village, and hide the questions in the chat content. In this way, people's cognition of primary education in their hometown can be well understood, and everyone's vigilance can be eliminated, and more accurate information sources can be obtained.
Therefore, we all adopt this method in the investigation of villages such as Fan Peng, Tianqiao and Shuguang. If we can do the questionnaire, we will do it. If we can't do it, we will talk to them. In the block of Shuangliushu Town, most of the respondents are merchants, and most of them have certain cultural knowledge, so it is easier to make a questionnaire. In order to save time, we directly take questionnaires as the main part, supplemented by interviews. Facts have proved that this investigation method is suitable for local conditions. The narrowness of the questionnaire survey and the generality of the interview can also make up for each other and better understand the real situation.
In this survey, 177 questionnaires were distributed in Shuangliushu town, and 177 questionnaires were recovered, among which 153 questionnaires were valid. Among the valid questionnaires, there are 1 10 in Shuangliu town and 43 in Fan Peng, Tianqiao and Shuguang villages. The results of questionnaire statistical analysis are mainly township questionnaires, referring to rural questionnaires and interview records, which are included in the final result analysis.
These two questions are mainly set to understand the people's understanding of education. In addition, as the first two questions of the questionnaire survey, we also set them intentionally so that the respondents can get started quickly.
Local residents have no objection to this issue, which shows that urban and rural areas attach importance to education. During our visit to the countryside, we found that even if the family is poor, parents fully support their children to go to school, hoping that their children can change their destiny, bid farewell to the countryside and get ahead. For the phenomenon of dropping out of school, the questionnaire shows that 16.3% of the respondents think it exists. Based on the interview content, we know that the respondents who think there is a phenomenon of dropping out of school either have a wrong understanding of the problem or are subjective. In rural areas, parents will not allow their children to drop out of school even if the family conditions are really bad. More generally, almost all children from rural families can fully receive nine-year compulsory education, but a few of them will enter key high schools. The remaining junior high school graduates quit school voluntarily for various reasons (poor grades, no progress, etc.) and went out to work with their relatives. ).
2. Understanding of the allocation of rural basic education resources
We mainly select the campus environment, hardware facilities, teachers and other aspects to understand the residents' understanding of the surrounding primary school education resources. The statistical results of the table are oriented to the allocation of primary education resources in Shuangliu Town. From the statistical results, the respondents' choices are concentrated on? Is it better? 、? Poor? Combined with what we learned when we did the questionnaire, many people will ask why not. General? This option. In other words, for the residents of Shuangliushu Town, the primary school campus environment, infrastructure and teachers are at an average level, which is a general understanding. But beyond the questionnaire, in the process of chatting with you, we still learned some difficulties in the allocation of educational resources in township primary schools. The most direct reaction is that the number of students is too concentrated. In recent years, the rural primary schools in Shuangliushu Town are in decline, coupled with the rapid growth of urban population, which leads to the skyrocketing enrollment of the central primary school in Shuangliushu Town. As can be seen from the archives of the Central Primary School, Shuangliushu Town Central Primary School has 29 classes from grade one to grade six, and the number of students in each class ranges from 53 to 94, mostly around 85. Such a large class education is really helpless. First, the capacity of the school is limited, and second, the teaching staff is insufficient. With such a high-density teaching class, the quality of teaching can be imagined, and it is difficult for teachers to cover everything and do their duty to each student, which is also the reason why parents complain. What's more, a parent told us that her five-year-old son just finished the middle class of the central primary school the year before last, and should have continued to attend the big class. When reporting, he found that the children in the small class and the big class were actually in the same classroom. Children aged three or four are crying in the classroom, and the teaching environment is really irritating! ?
The tabular data reflects the situation of this town. In fact, the situation in rural areas is even worse. Specific to the three aspects of educational resources, most parents do not pay much attention to the campus environment and infrastructure. And the campus environment of many rural primary schools is really reasonable. The government also has special funds to improve school buildings, tables and chairs every year, so the main contradiction is not environmental facilities. More serious problems focus on the loss of students and the serious shortage of teachers. In this regard, rural respondents will think that the teachers in the village are? Poor? Or? Not good? . Teachers' problems mainly focus on the following two aspects: first, the structure of teachers is seriously unreasonable and the aging situation is serious; Second, the treatment of teachers is limited by the environment, which makes it difficult to attract young classrooms to the countryside. The specific situation is elaborated in the article "Allocation of Rural Primary Education Resources".
Generally speaking, the allocation of urban primary education resources is better than that of rural areas, but the quantity is insufficient; The allocation of educational resources in rural primary schools is greatly backward, the number of students has dropped sharply, the structure of teachers is unreasonable, and the dilemma of cooking without rice has gradually become prominent.
For the residents of Shuangliu Town, the questionnaire shows that they are satisfied with the current situation of compulsory education resources supply (56.5% think? Basically satisfied? 34.8% think? Not satisfied? ); Moreover, the cost burden of academic education is not very heavy (only 13% of the respondents think it is a burden? Heavy? ); More notably, 66.3% of the respondents? Willing to contribute human, material or financial resources? Improve the current situation of rural primary education, although 29.3% people choose? Not clear? However, during the interview, we learned that these parents mainly hold the idea of following the crowd, that is, I am willing to be willing to others; I won't if others don't want to. Obviously, ordinary people are still willing to spend money on education. As long as the government can ensure that children have good educational conditions, many parents are willing to contribute, which also shows to some extent that local residents attach importance to education.
In the villages we investigated, everyone is very dissatisfied with the current situation of primary education in their villages, which is completely different from the residents in towns. But the burden of education is not very heavy for most families. In addition, although many rural residents expressed their willingness to contribute to the construction of basic education, during the interview, many people still thought that the main responsibility of basic education lies with the government, and the government should have the ability to do it well, so don't always think about letting ordinary people pay.
The balanced allocation of primary education resources means that the total resources allocated by society to compulsory education are allocated to every primary school relatively equally, and every primary school is treated fairly and reasonably, so that every educated person can actually enjoy the same share of educational resources. Balanced allocation of primary education resources
It is the premise and foundation of the smooth development of compulsory education. This paper analyzes the present situation of the allocation of educational resources in Shuangliushu town from three aspects: the level of teachers, material resources and information resources.
Chapter III: The social practice investigation report of Mao college students' employment situation.
I. Background:
The number of college graduates in 20xx will reach a new high, reaching 6.8 million! How do you feel when you hear such a statistic? First of all, let's review: in 20xx, the number of college graduates in China reached an unprecedented 4 1.3 million, an increase of 800,000 over that in 20xx, and the number of students in school was about 1.5 million, more than 2.5 times that of 1.999. According to the data released by the Ministry of Education, in the first five years of the 20th century, the number of college graduates in China was 265,438+,with an average annual growth rate of 34.5%. The growth rate of college students in China is very impressive. The number of college graduates in 20xx was 6.5438+0.45 million, and in 20xx it was 2.65438+0.2 million, an increase of 46% over the previous year. After the number of college graduates increased to 2.8 million in 20xx, it exceeded 3 million in 20xx and 4 million in 20xx. Minister of Education Zhou Ji said at the 20xx employment conference of college graduates? Eleventh five-year plan? During this period, there will be more than 25 million college graduates in China who need employment. This means that in the next five years, at least 5 million people will graduate from universities every year. From these data, we can see that the employment situation of college students is extremely severe, which makes us aware of the fierce employment competition. At the same time, let's make a reasonable plan and orientation for life from now on.
Second, the text
I) General status quo
The biggest feature of the employment situation of college students is that the total number of graduates is large and the growth rate is high, which is in contradiction with the overall employment situation. The employment situation of college students has become an indisputable fact. The main reason is the mismatch between talent supply and market demand, and the low comprehensive quality of graduates. How to improve the quality of personnel training and how to make the recruitment of enterprises have a correct orientation is the key to solve the current employment problem of college students. And college graduates are inferior, which is easy to cause? Is it high or low? The phenomenon of employment separation.
1 Employment Status of College Students 1: Is there an oversupply of talents? Expanding enrollment? The enrollment rate has increased, but the corresponding employment rate has not increased accordingly. The reason is that the job demand is not guaranteed.
2 Status quo of college students' employment 2: Gender discrimination in employment According to a special survey conducted by relevant state departments, most students spend 30%-70% of their normal study time looking for jobs, and girls spend 8.6 percentage points more than boys, but the result is that the employment rate of boys is 35.5%, and that of girls is only 17.5%, which is twice that of girls. Among them, more than 80% female graduates have encountered gender discrimination in the process of job hunting. According to the statistics of the employment rate of three universities in Tianjin in 2007, the employment rate of boys is 83.0% and that of girls is 79.5%.
3 the employment status of college students 3: the relationship between employment level and economic development level. The regional differences of universities also have a great influence on the employment rate of college students. According to relevant statistics, universities in the eastern region? Signed it? And then what? Interested but not signed? The proportion of students is 62.43%. Signed it? And then what? Interested but not signed? The proportion of students is 47.88%, the proportion of such students in western universities is 4 1.73%, and the proportion in northeast China is 43.39%. The employment situation in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions shows a ladder-like distribution, which indicates that the overall employment level of college students may be related to the economic development level of the region where the university is located.
2) The employment problem is difficult to analyze.
1, the constraints of college graduates' own employment concept
College students have a high self-orientation and want to find a unit with high income and good treatment. Due to the unbalanced economic development in various regions of China, there is a big gap between the eastern and western regions, the coastal areas and the mainland. When choosing employment areas, college graduates are excessively concentrated in hot-spot developed areas such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, which leads to an obvious increase in employment pressure in these areas, while few people voluntarily work in underdeveloped areas. In fact, many places in our country need college graduates now. College students? Is it high or low? Psychological orientation has a serious impact on employment, and the employment difficulty of college graduates is directly related to the structural problem of employment. Because of the widening regional employment gap, there is no job or no job, and the surplus of talents and the low employment rate of college students coexist.
2. The overall quality of college students has a downward trend.
Due to the expansion of enrollment in public colleges and universities in recent years, coupled with the sharp increase in private colleges and universities, the enrollment scale has been expanding and the enrollment scores have been decreasing. For example, many college students don't understand the truth clearly in their study, and their practical ability is poor, and they lack practical experience, so the overall quality of college students has a downward trend. There are also some college students who lack honesty. Many graduates have certain certificates, diplomas and resumes when they apply for jobs, which can bring convenience to job hunting. Some college students strive to obtain relevant certificates during their college years, while those who don't work hard cheat the initial trust of enterprises through opportunism or cost, which will do some damage to the overall image of college graduates.
3. The concept of enterprise employment is backward.
First of all, pay attention to the documents. Many people think that the higher the education, the better. Many undergraduate or junior college students' professional ability is not worse than that of graduate students. Secondly, gender discrimination. Female college students are obviously at a disadvantage. Many employers consider female college students' physiological factors, marriage factors, achievement motivation, maternity insurance premium and labor protection expenses of female employees. Under the same circumstances, the future work cost of female college students is higher than that of male college students. Furthermore, students' geographical discrimination. Many employers consider that their business is closely related to the local area, and hope that the college students they want to recruit are familiar with the local dialects and customs, and even have some interpersonal networks. Give priority to local talents when selecting talents. Even some local governments have geographical discrimination against students when recruiting civil servants, and local protectionism is not conducive to fair competition among college students. Finally, too much emphasis is placed on the arduous work of verification. Lack of experience is the biggest disadvantage of college graduates. Many enterprises have difficulties in operation and are eager to recruit talents in a certain field, hoping to bring changes to enterprises soon. Employers ignore the potential and plasticity of college students, and their experience is always cultivated in practice. College students have a high level of theory, so long as they have a short practice time, they can be competent for their work. This is an era in which the job-seeking army encounters the fear of unemployment, an era of chasing challenges and eager for success, and a brand-new employment era different from any previous era. Employment and career choice is a severe challenge and heavy pressure for contemporary college students. According to the results of this survey of college students' employment, we suggest:
1. Schools should enthusiastically do ideological work for graduates and strengthen employment guidance. Sing the main theme and establish a new concept of employment. It is necessary to educate students to guide their outlook on life with a correct world outlook and to embody their values with a good outlook on job selection. It is clear that the first priority in life is struggle and struggle, and it should be the unremitting pursuit of contemporary youth to reflect their own values and make contributions to society. Schools should realize the change of graduates' concept of choosing a job: from one step to choosing a job after employment? 、? From passive employment to self-employment? 、? From state-owned to private? 、? The transition from East to West? 、? From where? White collar? Where to? Blue collar and gray collar? Change? 、? From concentrating on postgraduate entrance examination to? Are your hands ready? Change? Wait; Schools should guide graduates to find jobs where the society needs them most, to do a career where the motherland needs them most, to exercise and grow at the grassroots level, and to make contributions to small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage graduates to start their own businesses and work hard.
2. Schools should focus on adjusting majors and courses that are not suitable for the job market, which is a basic guiding ideology for running schools under the conditions of socialist market economy. Whoever adapts first will benefit first. ? Enrollment, teaching, employment? It is no longer an isolated three links, but a linked whole.
3, to carry out career planning, employment education, from the beginning of enrollment, only pay attention to the graduation of college students. Employment guidance is to sharpen the knife at the last minute, and the success of college students depends on their psychological quality and ability to do things. From freshmen to seniors, courses and guidance activities on college students' self-cognition, career planning and job-seeking psychology are carried out in stages, and career planning and job-seeking training are included in the teaching content. Through questionnaire survey, special lectures, experience exchange and other forms, students are guided to make scientific and reasonable plans for university stage and life, so as to enhance the core competitiveness of employment and career development.
4. It is the requirement of the times to strengthen and attach importance to entrepreneurship education and encourage college students to start their own businesses. This survey shows that 5% of them have chosen to start their own businesses, which shows that college students' entrepreneurial consciousness has not been fully awakened. Stimulate students' entrepreneurial desire and cultivate their entrepreneurial quality. Entrepreneurial design competitions and scientific research competitions should be held regularly to create a strong entrepreneurial education atmosphere in schools. It is also necessary to combine the actual situation of local universities, build an entrepreneurial practice base with the enterprises where the school is located, and hire professional teachers and local entrepreneurs as part-time entrepreneurial instructors, and finally form a structural system of integration of schools and society, integration of professors and entrepreneurs, and integration of students and entrepreneurial practice.
Through the investigation, we found that many college students are worried about their employment prospects. It is conceivable that the main pressure of college students now comes from employment problems, and how to find a good job puzzles many college students. In the survey, we found that many college students are not very satisfied with their professional skills, but paradoxically, most students think that professional skills are very important for employment, which has sounded the alarm for many college students. During the whole practical investigation, our experience is as follows: First, I personally realized the great role of teamwork and my personal ability is limited. Good teamwork will get twice the result with half the effort. More than the same number of individuals fought, designed questionnaires, distributed questionnaires, statistical data, analyzed data, found relevant information, completed reports and other activities, and everyone worked closely together to make this survey successfully completed. At the same time, I feel the charm of team spirit and improve my ability to adapt to the team. Secondly, through this survey, I learned about the employment situation of students on campus, and helped my classmates. Learning has a far-reaching impact on my future life. Finally, we still have a lot to learn. In this survey, we still have some confusion in the stage of questionnaire design and data analysis, so we only hope to learn more knowledge in future studies and gradually improve ourselves. Due to lack of experience, the scope of the survey has certain limitations, not necessarily the status quo of college students. One thing may not have been investigated, and some may be exaggerated, but it can still reflect the basic situation of our college students on the whole. In view of the limited experience and knowledge, the report may have some shortcomings. Ask the teacher to correct me and make good suggestions.
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