A: Medieval universities refer to 1 1~ 17 th century institutions of higher learning that rose in European countries and were the origin of modern higher education. The original medieval universities were autonomous centers for professors and students. Generally, a prestigious scholar in a certain field and his followers organize themselves to form a group similar to a guild to conduct teaching and knowledge trading. Its school-running characteristics are as follows: (1) Purpose: The basic purpose of medieval universities is to carry out vocational training and cultivate professionals needed by society. (2) System: According to the leadership system, medieval universities can be divided into "student" universities and "gentleman" universities. In the former, students are in charge of educational affairs, and the selection and appointment of professors, the amount of tuition fees, the term of the semester and the number of teaching hours are all decided by students; The latter is in charge of school affairs by the teacher, and everything in the school is decided by the teacher. (3) Curriculum: The university curriculum is not fixed at first, and then tends to be unified, and it is necessary to learn four subjects: law, psychology and medicine. (4) System: medieval universities had a degree system. Students who complete university courses and pass the exams can get "Master's" and "Doctor's" degrees. Due to the social nature of the Middle Ages, the universities in the Middle Ages were gradually controlled by the church. However, its system and characteristics have far-reaching influence and are the direct origin of modern western universities. In many aspects of higher education in modern western universities, we can clearly see the cultural spirit and educational characteristics of medieval universities.