The idea of running a school is a rational understanding and goal pursuit of who the university is for, what it is for and how it should be run in the long-term practice of running a school. The idea of running a school is the soul of a university, which not only dominates the school-running behavior of the president, but also has the function of goal-oriented and behavioral incentive for teachers, staff and students. A competent president of a modern university must have a set of school-running ideas that conform to the trend of the times, the law of running a university and the situation of the school. In this concept system, "student-oriented" should be the first concept.
First, the student-oriented connotation
This person, Ben, Yuan Ye. Student-oriented, including the following meanings.
First of all, students should be regarded as the foundation of school survival. Universities are set up for college students, and universities are run to train them. Without college students, there is no need for university teachers, all kinds of equipment and facilities, and all kinds of management and services, and universities lose their value of existence. Therefore, universities are institutions serving college students and places for cultivating high-level and high-quality talents.
Secondly, we should take promoting students' development as the foundation of school development. The key to the development of a university lies in whether students have quality and characteristics, and the quality and characteristics of students depend on their development level. "Student development" is a very rich concept. From the object point of view, it includes both the success of a few elites and the success of all students. In content, it includes both personality development and all-round development. Personality development is the development of personal interests, hobbies and specialties based on personality differences. Good personality is the result of the coordinated development of uniqueness, autonomy and creativity. All-round development refers to the development of students' physical strength, intelligence, activity ability and moral quality. All-round development and personality development are dialectical unity: all-round development is the unity requirement of social development for human development, while personality development is the diversity requirement of social development for human development; All-round development is the basis of personality development, and personality development is the core of all-round development; All-round development without personality is homomorphic development without characteristics, and personality development without all-round development is abnormal development without direction. In terms of time, it includes both the present development and the future development. The current development is the development of physical strength, intelligence, ability, moral quality and personality acquired during college study to meet the needs of current social and economic development. Future development refers to the development that focuses on the ever-changing and rapid development of the future society and personal lifelong development needs, that is, schools should not only let students learn, but also teach them to learn, not only adapt, but also innovate. Current development is the foundation of future development, and future development is the goal of current development. In short, promoting the overall development of students means promoting the development of every student, promoting the development of every student in all aspects and promoting the sustainable development of every student in all aspects now and in the future.
Thirdly, we should take "all for students, all for students, all for students" as the driving force to promote the reform of various schools. Teaching work should seriously study and follow the growth law of college students, especially the characteristics and laws of learning, in order to cultivate and give play to students' enthusiasm, initiative and creativity in learning. Moral education should pay attention to students' ideological situation under the new situation, especially pay attention to studying students' inner world, spiritual troubles and value conflicts, so as to enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of moral education in colleges and universities. Management and service work should fully consider students' wishes and difficulties, worry about students' urgent needs, think about students' thoughts, help students' needs and solve students' difficulties; Students should enjoy the necessary right to know, participate and choose.
Second, the student-oriented foundation
First of all, it is the inheritance of the traditional humanistic education concept. In ancient Greece, Aristotle put forward the proposition of "humanistic freedom", demanding that students' rational development and physical health be promoted through harmonious physical education, moral education and intellectual education. During the Renaissance, advocating freedom and liberating individuality not only became the ideological weapon for the emerging bourgeoisie to oppose feudalism and theocracy, but also became the ideological motive force for humanist educators to reform education and liberate children. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, enlightenment thinkers advocated "free education", thinking that people are born free, equal and kind, and only children who develop freely according to their own nature can become real newcomers. /kloc-in the 9th century, Newman and Humboldt, two famous university presidents, had different understandings of university functions, but they were very consistent in their understanding that universities must respect the law of people's own development and adhere to free education. In the modern society with the rise of knowledge economy, the rapid development of knowledge industry, the shortening of the cycle of knowledge updating and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and the acceleration of career replacement and social mobility, it is more important and urgent to take students as the center and comprehensively improve students' comprehensive quality, especially to cultivate their extensive adaptability, flexibility and continuous innovation ability.
Second, it is the promotion of Marxist thought of human development. Marx and Engels inherited and developed the predecessors' thoughts on human development, and made a scientific and historical analysis of human development for the first time. They believe that human development is not only the source of power for social development, for example, Marx said that "people's social history is always just the history of their personal development" and that "the degree of liberation of each individual is consistent with the degree that history is completely transformed into world history"; This is also the ultimate goal of social development. For example, when Marx and Engels talked about the basic characteristics of the future society, they put "everyone's free development" including personality development and subjectivity promotion in an extremely important position. They also believe that the combination of education and labor production is the only way to cultivate people with all-round development. In a word, only by promoting human development can education really promote social development.
Third, it is the call of higher education reform in the new period. The rapid development of knowledge economy, high technology and increasing international competition are the remarkable features of today's era, and countries all over the world have also put forward higher and higher requirements for the quality of talents trained in colleges and universities. We believe that high-quality talents who meet the requirements of the new era should have the following five characteristics: first, a solid foundation, including profound humanistic heritage, extensive scientific literacy, necessary basic knowledge and a solid professional foundation; Second, strong ability, including strong learning ability, practical ability, research ability, thinking ability, expression ability and organizational management ability; Third, Kaku Takashina, including dedication, dedication, pragmatism and cooperation, as well as a clear sense of subjectivity and a strong sense of social responsibility; Fourth, there are characteristics, including knowledge, talent, interest and methods; The fifth is good innovation, including strong innovative consciousness, extraordinary innovative thinking and comprehensive innovative ability. The requirements of the new era pose a severe challenge to the training objectives and methods of higher education in China. The results of a recent national sampling survey of college students' quality in Wuhan University show that there is a phenomenon of "emphasizing six while neglecting six" in the training objectives and methods of higher education in China, that is, attaching importance to adult education and ignoring humanistic education; Pay more attention to professional education than basic education; Pay more attention to book education than practical education; Pay more attention to science and technology education than humanities education; Pay more attention to sex education than personality education; Pay more attention to inheritance education than innovation education. In short, insufficient attention has been paid to the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of college students. Wuhan University also conducted a nationwide sample survey on the quality of college graduates. The social evaluation of graduates is: professionalism, cooperation spirit, civilized cultivation, interpersonal skills, computer skills, language expression skills, academic vision, foreign language level and physical fitness are relatively insufficient; Innovation ability, scientific research ability, writing ability, psychological quality and insight are absolutely insufficient. A survey of 6,000 students in 23 universities in Beijing also shows that with the increase of grades, the creativity of college students has a downward trend.
In order to change this situation of higher education in China as soon as possible, many scholars suggest that we should reflect on our traditional educational concept, change from "teacher-centered" to "student-centered", and regard students as "torches" that need to be lit urgently, rather than "containers" for storing knowledge; Cultivate students' independent personality with creation as the standard, instead of cultivating students' dependent personality with inheritance as the standard; The focus of education is not to teach students to learn, but to teach students to learn. Under the guidance of new ideas, Tianjin University has put forward a talent training mode that is oriented to the 2 1 century, pays attention to all-round quality, develops students' personality and cultivates students' creativity, and has carried out comprehensive and in-depth reforms in teaching content, curriculum system, teaching methods and means. Northeast Normal University advocates "respecting education", that is, respecting the law of education, the law of talent growth, the characteristics and laws of the physical and mental development of the object of education, and the personality and humanity of the object of education, aiming at establishing a harmonious, harmonious and equal relationship between educators and educatees and providing free space and a good atmosphere for college students' creativity. Nanjing University puts forward the idea of "people-oriented" management, actively explores the establishment of a scientific management mechanism, emphasizes respect for students' wishes and pays attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. China Youth University for Politics put forward the concept of "all-round education, all-round education and all-round education", reformed the education mode, and provided a more relaxed environment for students' autonomous learning and personality development.
Third, the student-oriented implementation strategy
First, it is necessary to establish a training goal that is conducive to students' comprehensive, sustained and coordinated development. This goal is not only to cultivate students into "talents" who can adapt to the current social needs and personal employment needs, but also to cultivate students into "people" with coordinated development of physical strength, intelligence, creativity, activity ability and moral quality. This kind of person is a person who combines lofty ideals with pragmatic spirit. He can not only care about the world, but also take the prosperity of the country, the prosperity of the nation and the happiness of the people as his own responsibility, and he can do everything that is beneficial to the country and the people in a down-to-earth, conscientious and diligent manner. Such people are people who realize themselves and serve the society. He not only has personal ideals and ambitions, but also has a strong sense of social responsibility and realistic spirit, and can build his future career ideals on the basis of social needs and his own abilities and advantages. This kind of person is the unity of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, with strong thirst for knowledge, realistic critical spirit and pragmatic truth-seeking attitude, broad spiritual vision, perfect personality pursuit and profound humanistic accomplishment; This kind of person is a person with unified professional quality and comprehensive quality. He not only has specialized knowledge and skills in a certain field, but also has extensive knowledge and comprehensive ability of self-expression and self-improvement. This kind of person is a person whose personality development is unified with * * *. He can not only recognize and develop his good character, but also face up to and change his bad character. At the same time, it can affirm and cultivate many characteristics that meet the requirements of the times and correctly handle the relationship between personality and * * *. This kind of person is physically strong and mentally healthy, with good physique, rich imagination and tenacious fighting spirit, positive attitude, optimistic mood and creative thinking.
Second, build a curriculum system that meets the needs of students' differential development. Adapting to the needs of social development and students' personal development is an important basis for building a curriculum system. China is in the period of the development of market economy and the rise of knowledge economy, and its industrial structure and employment structure are developing in a diversified direction. Only small batch, multi-pattern and high-quality production can make products win the competition, and the demand for talent specifications in society is also developing in this direction. At the same time, with the popularization of higher education, the fierce competition for further studies in the past is turning to the competition for students to choose schools, majors and even courses. In order to meet the requirements of students' diversified development, we must construct a new curriculum system from the following aspects: first, refine the basic curriculum, highlight the knowledge points, make it structured and simplified, and appropriately compress the class hours; The second is to improve the starting point of specialized courses, which are concise but can reflect the frontier of science and technology and the development of disciplines; The third is to offer general courses to promote the infiltration of arts and sciences and the integration of disciplines, and broaden students' knowledge horizons; Fourth, expand the scope of elective courses, encourage students to "design themselves", provide students with the opportunity to choose freely, and form their own satisfactory knowledge and ability structure as much as possible; Fifth, set up more scientific research activities classes, guide students to actively participate in scientific research activities and social research activities, and cultivate students' innovative consciousness, innovative ability and social responsibility; Sixth, strengthen practical courses and highlight the cultivation of students' knowledge application ability and practical operation ability.
Thirdly, aiming at improving students' quality in an all-round way, we should optimize the talent training mode. This optimization model has three obvious characteristics: first, diversity. This diversity is manifested in the diversity of training objectives, including specifications, levels and types, majors and courses, training approaches, teaching methods, learning methods, teaching evaluation methods and teaching management methods. In a word, students should be given more time and space for autonomous learning and guided to develop into diversified and compound talents. The second is comprehensiveness. This comprehensiveness is reflected in the training goal, which is a change from focusing only on professional quality to paying equal attention to professional quality and comprehensive quality; Reflected in the content of education, it is to broaden the foundation, dilute the specialty, break the original curriculum and content structure system of discipline centralism, and realize the integration of discipline, knowledge and ability; Reflected in the educational method, it is the flexible arrangement of teaching plan and the comprehensive application of heuristic, counseling, inquiry, discussion, audio-visual teaching and personalized teaching. The third is characteristic. The characteristic is "no one has me, no one has me, no one has me, and no one has me." The characteristics of running a school are: it can objectively analyze the social needs, accurately evaluate its own conditions, rationally locate the specialty, and make the specialty unique; Can give full play to the advantages of local schools and majors, fully tap the potential, or make up for the shortcomings of others in curriculum setting, or create a "new" path to fill some gaps and make the curriculum unique; Can choose and determine their own evaluation system and management system according to time, place and people (students), so that teaching and management have characteristics; We can recruit students through multiple channels and cultivate them in various forms, so that students can develop in many aspects and eventually find jobs in many aspects, so that graduates can have their own characteristics.
Fourth, explore the establishment of a set of management system conducive to students' active participation. The education and teaching management system formed under the planned system is a "standard" system that requires students in one direction, which is characterized by group management, unified requirements, single mode and passive use of school resources by students. The new management mode of education and teaching is a "conventional" system required by both schools and students, which is characterized by individual management, classification requirements and various modes, and students can choose and use school resources independently within a certain range. This system mainly includes: first, according to the conditions, gradually implement the system of students' free course selection to help students choose their own learning content; Second, on the basis of students' free course selection, the dynamic class management system is implemented, that is, the traditional system of managing fixed natural classes according to majors is broken and replaced by the system of managing dynamic teaching classes according to courses to help students arrange their own learning process; Third, improve the credit system, that is, on the basis of respecting students' independent choice of learning content and learning methods, make necessary qualitative and quantitative provisions on students' professional credits, and reward those who have made outstanding achievements in academic competitions, scientific research, social practice and cultural and sports activities; Fourth, the flexible academic system is implemented, allowing students who have completed credits in advance to graduate in advance, and those who cannot graduate on time due to special reasons are allowed to extend their study years; The fifth is to implement the main and auxiliary academic system, allowing students who have spare capacity to study cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary minor courses and majors, and study double majors and double degrees; Sixth, implement the tutorial system, equip excellent students with tutors, and train students with creative potential; Seventh, qualified universities implement the "undergraduate-graduate continuous reading" system for students with excellent academic performance; Eighth, reform the examination method, implement the course re-examination system, change the single closed-book examination into a combination of course paper, course design, skill operation, written examination, interview and open-book examination, and those who fail the examination must re-examine the relevant courses; Nine is to gradually establish and improve the evaluation system and follow-up investigation system for students in accordance with diversified quality standards.
Fifth, form a campus atmosphere with students as the main body, equality between teachers and students and freedom of teaching. In the past, from the perspective of emphasizing the influence of schools and teachers' responsibilities, it was undoubtedly correct to mention that "teachers are the main body". But today, with the emphasis on lifelong education and personalized learning, we should clearly put forward the concept of "students are the main body". This requires the formation of a new relationship between teachers and students. In this atmosphere, teachers do not insist on unified rules and regulations for students, and there is no requirement of "rushing to March", only mutual respect, equal dialogue and free discussion between teachers and students; In this atmosphere, teachers and students follow the principle of "not only books, not only books, not only facts", teachers are tireless in teaching, persuasive, scholars are diligent in learning and seeking knowledge, and both inside and outside the class are full of harmony and warmth. At the same time, a new teaching management relationship should be formed. All the management work of the school should establish the concept of serving students, think of students everywhere, share their worries from time to time, and strive to create good conditions for students' study, life and entertainment activities and provide the best service.