Xiao Lun (1911.12.15-2000.15), whose name is Jichang, is from Pixian County, Sichuan Province, China.
1939 graduated from the chemistry department of Tsinghua University in the 28th year of the Republic of China, 1948 graduated from the University of Illinois in the USA, 195 1 Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in the USA, 1980 joined the Jiu San Society.
Xiao Lun discovered new nuclides of tantalum 183, tantalum 185 and tungsten 185m during his doctoral studies in the United States. In the process of surface chemistry research, the American Petroleum Energy Research Institute found that polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant was positively charged in solution. Xiao Lun directed and participated in China's first atomic bomb test, the first hydrogen bomb test and the launch of the first nuclear submarine. After the reform and opening up, Xiao Lun led the research and production of industrial radioactive sources and radioisotope drugs for internal and external use.
Chinese name: Xiao Lun.
Nationality: China.
Place of Birth: Pixian County, Sichuan Province
Date of birth: 19 1 1 year1February 15 days.
Date of death: June 65438 +0654381October+May 2000.
Occupation: educational and scientific research worker
Graduate school: University of Illinois, USA
Main achievements: pioneer of radioisotope cause.
1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Masterpiece: research on radioactive growth systematics.
The life of the character
19 1 1 year (three years of Qing Xuantong) 12 15 days, Xiao Lun was born in a scholarly family in Pixian County, Sichuan Province. His father is a former scholar, and his mother knows books and ceremonies. Xiao Lun grew up in a well-educated family. Xiao Lun was smart and diligent since he was a child, and he loved reading. When he was a child, he could write poems correctly.
1923 (Republic of China 12), Xiao Lun was admitted to Chengdu Dacheng Middle School from a private school.
1926 (Republic of China 15), graduated from middle school and was admitted to Chengdu university with excellent results.
1933 (22 years of the Republic of China), was admitted to the Department of Chemistry of Tsinghua University.
1939 (28 years of the Republic of China), graduated from the Department of Chemistry of Tsinghua University. In the same year, he was admitted to the Biology Department of Peking University. A year later, I gave up graduate school and went back to Sichuan to raise money to run an alcohol factory.
1946 (thirty-five years of the Republic of China), admitted to the United States to study at his own expense.
1947 (36 years of the Republic of China), went to the United States and entered the University of Illinois to study radiochemistry.
1948 (37 years of the Republic of China), obtained a master's degree from the University of Illinois.
195 1 year, Xiao Lun took the discovery of several new radioisotopes as the content of his thesis, and obtained his doctorate from the University of Illinois through his doctoral thesis defense.
From 65438 to 0952, Xiao Lun was transferred to the State Bureau of Mining (now called Petroleum Energy Research Institute) to engage in physical and chemical research.
1955, Xiao Lun returned to China. Continue to engage in radiochemistry and radioisotope research.
1956- 1958, researcher, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of Isotope Research Office.
1956, worked in China institute of atomic energy, and served as the director of research room and isotope department in room 16. In the same year, the first lecture on radiochemistry was held in Peking University.
1956- 1957, Professor Peking University.
1958- 1983, researcher, director of Isotope Research Office, director of Isotope Research Department of Atomic Energy Research Institute under the dual leadership of China Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Nuclear Industry (formerly Jill Department).
1960, he led Gu Hua to systematically study radioactive growth, and found that the semi-logarithmic decay curve of newly purified radioactive material is straight, which does not necessarily mean that the material has reached radiochemical purity.
1962, Xiao Lun was ordered to command two top secret missions. One is to develop a special radioactive source for the ignition of the atomic bomb code 503 and the determination of the critical mass of the atomic bomb. This source is extremely toxic, and there have been casualties in the Soviet Union. The other is the research on tritium preparation technology code-named 502.
1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
1996, chairman of the first international isotope congress.
1997 was elected as an academician of New York Academy of Sciences.
He died on June 5438+065438+1October 65438+May 2000.
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
In Xiao Lun's research work, concentrated stable nuclides were bombarded with 22 MeV gamma rays. Through (γ, n) or (γ, p) reaction, according to the half-life, radiation energy, spin, logft and decay outline of the reaction product nucleus, 185mW, 183Ta, 65438 were found. Xiao Lun found that when the target 186WO3 was bombarded by gamma rays, besides 185Ta with a half-life of 46 minutes, there was stronger β radioactivity with a half-life of about 2 minutes. He also bombarded 184WO3 with γ-rays, the same weight as 186WO3, and obtained this short half-life β radioactivity, but it was much weaker than that obtained by enriching 186WO3. Xiao Lun confirmed that the short half-life radioactivity of less than 2 minutes is 185mW of the converted electrons emitted from the deflection orientation of β by adding a magnetic field to the vertical surface of the vertical counter. In order to prove the correctness, Xiao Lun irradiated the reactor with concentrated 184WO3 for 1-2 minutes. 184W was mainly generated by (n, γ) reaction, and the 75-day half-life of the generated 185W was very small. The half-life of 185mW was measured at that time as185015min, and now it is set as17min. Xiao Lun went to the Physics Department of the University of Illinois for nuclear science research. Radioactive gold -20 1 was obtained by bombarding mercury with gamma rays on the world's largest accelerator, which can be described as the first successful "alchemist" in China. Soon after, Xiao Lun went to the US Bureau of Mines to study the application of radioactive tracers in secondary oil exploitation.
Xiao Lun made a systematic study on the growth law of radioactivity. He found that when the mother's half-life increased from less than her daughter's half-life to equal to and greater than or even close to infinity, the total curve went through a straight-line stage, from convex to concave, to X axis, and even parallel to X axis. When the mother's half-life is 1/2 of the daughter's half-life, the total curve is a straight line, not a convex X axis less than the daughter's half-life. When the maternal half-life is greater than 1/2, but still less than the offspring half-life, the total curve is concave for the X axis but not convex for the X axis. Only when the maternal half-life is less than the half-life of 1/2 progeny, the total curve is convex to the X axis. He corrected the mistakes in the previous literature and the inaccuracies and incompleteness in the literature.
Xiao Lun and his collaborators have done a lot of work in the applied research of radioanalytical chemistry. In 1980s, Xiao Lun determined the essential trace elements in some traditional Chinese medicines by instrumental neutron activation analysis. It is found that zinc is the essential trace element with the highest content in cold medicines such as rhinoceros horn, antelope horn and substitute buffalo horn. Iron is the most important trace element in tonics such as Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Ginseng. Subsequently, 30 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines (24 of which belong to tonics) were determined by proton-excited X-ray fluorescence analysis (PIXE) and processed by nonlinear mapping algorithm. It was found that 20 tonics were in the same area, of which 19 were together, and the other was a little farther away. Six non-tonic drugs are scattered in another area. Although tonics and non-tonics can be basically distinguished, the four tonics have entered the dispersed area of non-tonics. Xiao Lun and others used multivariate statistical methods to process PIXE data. According to the multivariate average test, within 95% confidence, the two types of Chinese medicines are different. Q- clustering method is almost the same as nonlinear mapping method except for four kinds of traditional Chinese medicines.
1:rbduffed, LXiaoandENSloth, the radioactivity is 99Nb, 185 and 185, and the relative (γ, n) and (γ, p) cross sections are 100Mo, PhysRev,/kloc-.
2. Xiao Lun, new radioactivity induced by gamma rays, Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, philadelphia university, 195 1.
3. Liu Xiao, HNDunning, A Comparitive Studyofnon _ ionictergentabsorptions by Radio Tracer, Spectrophotometry and Surface Tension Method, jphyscheme.,1955, 59: 362 ~ 366.
4:lxao，HNDunningandPBLorentz，criicalmicelleconcentrationsofnonicdetergents，JPhysChem， 1956，60:657~660。
5. Xiao Lun, Gu Hua, Systematic Research on Radioactive Growth, Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 196 1, 5: 247 ~ 252.
6. Xiao Lun, Linear Growth and Chronology of Artificial Radioisotopes, Nuclear Technology, 1988,11(10): 25 ~ 26.
7:lxao, YHZhang, YGLiuandJFQin, in some traditional Chinese medicines, nuclear radiochemistry presented at the 2nd international conference, Brighton, UK, July,1988:1~/kloc-0.
8:YGLiu, YHZhang, GOLiandLXiao, LawDom, Antarctic, HQIceCore, JGlaciology,1988,34 (118): 297 ~ 300.
9:LunXiaoandJunFaQin，pixededetermination of essentials tracelements in some traditional Chinese medicines，BiologicalTraceElementResearch， 1990，26:75 1~756。
10:XFZhang，JGMa，JFQinandLXiao，multivariatestatisticaltreatmentofpixeanalysis of sometradical Chinese medicines，J _ RadioanalNuclearChemistry， 199 1， 15 1:3 19~325。
personnel training
He has supervised nine master's and doctoral students, all of whom play an important role in different positions.
Winning record
social service
He has served as director of Chinese Chemical Society, vice-chairman of China Atomic Energy Society, executive director and director of Science Popularization Committee of China Nuclear Society, member of Science and Technology Committee of Ministry of Nuclear Industry and head of isotope professional group, member of Pharmacopoeia Committee of Ministry of Health, vice-chairman of China Society of Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry, the first deputy editor of Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry, and concurrently a professor of Peking University Department of Technical Physics and consultant of Nuclear Technology magazine.
1978- 1983, deputy to the Fifth National People's Congress.
1983-2000, researcher and consultant of China Institute of Atomic Energy, director of Science and Technology Committee of Isotope Institute, honorary director of Science and Technology Committee of National Isotope Engineering Center, senior consultant of Science and Technology Committee of Nuclear Industry Corporation, doctoral supervisor, honorary chairman of China Isotope Society and editor-in-chief of Isotope magazine.
Personality assessment
Xiao Lun is an important radiochemist and a pioneer of radioisotope in China. (Review by Jiu San Society)
It is the best summary of Xiao Lun's life to strive for isotope career and advocate the application of nuclear technology from beginning to end. (Comment by Wang Shizhen, Senior Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Xiao Lun is the founder and pioneer of isotope industry in China. In his research career of nearly half a century, he has always been active in the forefront of science. Xiao Lun's life is an accomplished life, and Xiao Lun's life is a life of patriotism and democracy. We should learn from his rigorous, realistic and innovative spirit, be willing to teach others tirelessly, and also learn from his patriotic dedication, democratic and scientific spirit. (Comments by Shao Hong, Vice Chairman of Jiu San Society)
Commemoration of future generations
20111215 in the morning, the Chinese academy of atomic energy held the commemorative meeting of Xiao Lun's birthday 100 in Beijing.