Located in northwest Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea in the north, Tunisia and Libya in the east, Niger, Mali and Mauritania in the south, Morocco and Western Sahara in the west. The coastline is about 1200 km long. The northern coastal area has a Mediterranean climate, and the central part has a savanna climate; The south has a tropical desert climate. It is the hottest in August every year, with the highest temperature of 29℃ and the lowest temperature of 22℃. 65438+ 10 is the coldest month, with the highest temperature 15℃ and the lowest temperature of 9℃. There are narrow plains along the coast. Atlas Mountain runs across the north and is divided into two branches: Taylor Atlas Mountain and Sahara Atlas Mountain. There are plateaus, intermountain basins and many saltwater lakes between the two mountains. The central and southern parts are the Sahara desert, accounting for 85% of the country's land area, including tall extinct volcanoes and many oases. The highest point, Mount Tahat, is 2918m above sea level. The coastal climate is Mediterranean climate; The mountainous area belongs to semi-arid climate, with many forests and grasslands; Other vast areas have a tropical desert climate, with little rainfall and hot summer.
politics
1999 Bouteflika took various measures to restore domestic peace and stability after taking office. On the one hand, we will continue to clean up and crack down on vicious terrorist groups, on the other hand, we will promote "national reconciliation" and divide and inspire the remaining terrorist forces through the "national reconciliation solution" and the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation. At present, although terrorist attacks against local people and foreign nationals still occur from time to time, the social security situation in Albania has been greatly improved, and production and life can basically go on normally. At the same time, President Bouteflika has steadily carried out orderly political and economic reforms in order to build a democratic and legal country and achieve all-round economic and social development. In May 2006, Bulgaria reorganized its government and appointed Belka Dim, General Secretary of the National Liberation Front, the largest party in the Albanian Parliament, as Prime Minister.
form
1996165438+1On October 28th, Afghanistan held a referendum and adopted a constitutional amendment. The main contents of amending the constitution are: to determine the Islamic, Arab and Berber attributes of Afghanistan; It is forbidden to form political parties on the basis of religion, language, race, sex, corporatism and regionalism; Parliament consists of the National Assembly and the House of Nationalities (Senate); Before the establishment of the parliament and during the recess, the president can issue laws by decree; If the government's policy agenda is rejected by the National Assembly twice, the National Assembly will be dissolved and re-elected.
parliament
It consists of the National Assembly (House of Representatives) and the National Assembly (Senate). The two houses jointly exercise legislative power, and the bill passed by the National Assembly can only take effect after it is passed by a three-quarters majority of the House of Peoples. There are 389 members of the National Assembly, who were elected in May 2002 for a five-year term. The current speaker is Amar Saidani, who took office in June 2004. The seats occupied by each party are: National Liberation Front199; 47 seats for the National League for Democracy; 43 seats for the National Reform Movement; 38 seats for the peaceful social movement; 30 seats for independents; Labour Party 2 1 seat; 8 seats for the Algerian National Front; The Renaissance Movement, the Algerian Reform Party and the National Harmony Movement each have 1 seat. Two-thirds of the members of the House of Peoples are elected by indirect secret ballot, and the other one-third is appointed by the President for a term of six years, and half of them are re-elected every three years. The Home of the First Nation was established in199765438+February with * * 144 members. The current Speaker is Abdulkadyp Bensalah, who was elected in July 2002 and re-elected in June 2004. Seats occupied by all parties: NLD 82 seats; 20 seats for FRODEBU; 4 seats in He Yun; Mongolian 1 seat; National Unity and Development Party 1 seat; The rest are independents.
administrative division
* * * It is divided into 48 provinces: Algiers, adrar, Sharif, Lagvat, Umbuaki, Barthner, Bejaya, Biscara, Bechard, Saida, Buyila, Taman lasseter, Tebesa, Tremsen, Tiaret, Tiziwuzu, Jelefa, Jijel, Setif, Skikeda. Mascara, Urguela, Oran, Beide, Ilyich, burgui Bouare Rigi, Boumedis, Tareef, Tindouf, Tismshilt, Wade, Hansila, Suk Akhras, Tibaza, Mila, Ain Debla, Naama, Ain Timshente, Gerdaya, Helizan.
judicial authority
A Supreme Judicial Council shall be established, with the President and the Minister of Justice as the chairman and vice-chairman respectively. Courts are divided into three levels: the Supreme Court, provincial courts and municipal courts. There is no procuratorate, and there are prosecutors in the Supreme Court and provincial courts, all under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice. Beradja KADDOUR, President of the Supreme Court, took office in September 2006.
resources
The proven recoverable reserves of petroleum are about1.25 million tons, accounting for 1% of the world's total reserves, ranking 15 in the world, mainly Sahara light oil with high oil quality; Natural gas reserves are 4.6 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 3% of the world's total reserves, and its output ranks seventh in the world. Most oil and gas products are exported. Other mineral deposits are mainly iron, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, gold and phosphate. Among them, the iron ore reserves are 3-5 billion tons, mainly distributed in Wuanza mine and Buchard La mine in the east. The reserves of lead-zinc mine are estimated to be 65.438+0.5 billion tons, uranium mine is 240,000-50,000 tons, phosphate is 2 billion tons, and gold is 65.438+0.000 tons.
industry
The main departments are energy mines, steel, metallurgy, machinery, electricity and so on. In 2003, the industrial output value was US$ 36.48 billion, accounting for 55. 1% of the GDP. Industry is dominated by hydrocarbon industry, and manufacturing accounts for only 7% of GDP. In 2005, the oil output was 73 million tons, and the oil and gas export income reached 43.5 billion dollars, a record high. In 200 1 year, there were about 502,000 employees in industrial enterprises in Afghanistan, of whom 654.38+million worked in private enterprises.
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