catalogue
[hide]
* 1 life activities
O 1. 1 USA
O 1.2 China
O 1.3 Return to China
* 2 major projects
O 2. 1 USA
O 2.2 China
+2.2. 1 Master Plan and Architectural Design of Changsha Yali College
+2.2.2 Beijing Tsinghua School Master Plan and Four Buildings
+2.2.3 Master Plan and Buildings of Fudan University in Shanghai
+2.2.4 Overall Planning and Architecture of Fuzhou Christian University
+2.2.5 Citibank Tower in Hankou
+2.2.6 Master Plan and Buildings of Nanjing Jinling Women's University
+2.2.7 Overall Planning and Architecture of yenching university.
+2.2.8 National Beiping Library
+2.2.9 Nanjing Capital Planning
+2.2. 10 Memorial Tower and Memorial Hall of Nanjing National Revolutionary Army Memorial Cemetery
+2.2. 1 1 Nanjing National Government Ministry of Railways Building
+2.2. 12 Guangzhou Lingnan University Extension Project
* 3 Reference
* 4 Extended reading
* 5 external links
[edit] life activities
[Editor] America
1877, Henry Killam Murphy was born in Connecticut, USA. His father is john murphy and his mother is Alice Barton Killam. 65438-0895 henry killam murphy graduated from Hopkins School, a famous private school in New Haven, Connecticut, and was admitted to Yale University. 1899 graduated from the department of architecture of Yale university, and 1906 received a bachelor's degree in fine arts. See Yale University Library. 1900, he came to new york and opened his own architectural design office on Madison Avenue 1908. By 19 13, Murphy and his partner little richard H. Dana had initially established a reliable business reputation in New York State and his hometown of Connecticut. During this period, we made some campus planning and adopted various styles: New Rochelle College in new york adopted Gothic architectural style, and Loomis Chaffee (1912) in Windsor, Connecticut adopted colonial revival style. But Henry Killam Murphy in this period still belongs to "an unknown American architect" (Cody).
[Editor] China
1965438+In late May 2004, Murphy came to China, which was an important turning point in his career.
After the Boxer Rebellion, some Christian missionary organizations in China, mainly the American-Israeli-American Association, the Presbyterian Church in North America, the American Church and the American Episcopal Church, adjusted their missionary priorities and began to invest a lot of energy and funds in education, paying special attention to the construction of missionary universities. Taking this opportunity, Murphy has successively planned and designed the campuses of several missionary universities for the Christian missionary work in northern and southern provinces of China: Yali University in Changsha, Fujian Christian University in Fuzhou, Jinling Women's University in Nanjing, yenching university in Beijing and some buildings of Lingnan University in Guangzhou. Because these Christian missions want to reduce the resistance brought by the cultural differences between China and the West, they tend to show the adaptability of Christianity to China culture in architecture. Although all these campuses are located in different areas in the north and south, they all adopt the style of classical architecture in China. This is an interesting contrast with the western architectural style generally adopted by the National University of China at the same time.
In addition to designing missionary universities, Murphy also carried out the overall planning of Tsinghua University campus and the design of four major buildings, as well as the planning and design of the private Fudan University campus located in Jiangwan, a suburb of Shanghai. The former is of high specification and belongs to authentic western style, while the latter is of small scale and basically belongs to Chinese classical style.
1965438+In July 2008, it opened a personal office in Shanghai Bund as its branch in Shanghai.
1928, Murphy was noticed by Jiang Zhongzheng and was hired as an architectural consultant of Nanjing National Government. He presided over the formulation of 1929 Nanjing Capital Plan, and designed a number of architectural works in Nanjing and other places, such as the memorial tower, memorial hall and the Ministry of Railways building of Nanjing National Government, which are official buildings of government agencies and continue to adopt the retro style of China. In addition, China architect Lv Yanzhi, who is responsible for designing two buildings, Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, is also Murphy's assistant and student.
[Editor] Back to China.
1935, Murphy retired and returned to his designed house in Brandford, Connecticut, USA. He also designed a small "China Village" with eight families in Gables, kroll, Florida. 1949, married for the first time at the age of 72. 1954 died at home.
[Editor] Major Works
[Editor] America
* New Rochelle College, new york.
* loomis Chaffey, loomis Institute, Windsor, Connecticut.
* Windsor Children's School, Connecticut
* Philips Building, Yale University, Connecticut.
* Campus planning of Hopkins School in Connecticut.
[Editor] China
[Editor] Master Plan and Architectural Design of Yali University in Changsha
Yali University is Murphy's first work since he came to China.
This university is the product of the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, which stimulated the students of Yale University in the United States, because many missionaries who were killed in China that year were Yale alumni. 190 1 year, a group of young students organized a Yale mission in China to preach in China, and sent Lawrence thurston to visit China for two years, and finally chose Changsha, Hunan Province in central China as the base for China's work. Hunan Province was once the most violent province in China that rejected Christianity. 1906, they rented a private house and started Changsha Yali School (a preparatory school at the high school level). 19 14, they formally established Yale China College and began to recruit undergraduates. Yali hired Murphy to plan and design the new campus of Mayuanling outside the north gate.
The school of Yali University hopes that Murphy will build a campus in China that is more like China than the previous missionary universities. Prior to this, the famous Chicago Perkins, Frost and Hamilton (Perkins, Fellows &; Hamilton) architects designed the campus buildings of cheeloo university in Jinan and St. John's University in Shanghai, both of which imitated the broad roofs of China, but neglected the bucket arch structure supporting the huge roof weight. It is still a pity that the Chinese-style big roof is directly erected on the western-style plane. The owners and architects of Yali University hope to make it more realistic, so they use concrete to imitate the wooden columns in China and iron sheets to make the lattice windows in China. Many critics believe that Yali University has made a great breakthrough in architecture facing China. Of course, it also increases the cost and consumes a lot of time.
19 19, yali university moved to the new campus, 1920, the science museum was completed. 1926, Hunan became the center of the anti-imperialist movement in the Great Revolution, and the church was severely impacted. Yali University was forced to close down and merged into Huazhong University in Wuchang on 1929. Yali Campus was transformed into "Xiangya Medical College", which is still a first-class medical college in China and enjoys the reputation of "Xiangya in the south and Concord in the north". Now this is a campus of Central South University.
[Editor] Beijing Tsinghua School Master Plan and Four Major Buildings
Tsinghua school
Tsinghua school
Tsinghua University is 19 1 1 a preparatory school to take boxer indemnity back from the United States to study in the United States. The base of the school was originally Tsinghua Campus (commonly known as "Xiao Wu Ye Yuan"), the prince of the Qing Dynasty. 19 16, Murphy was hired to carry out the overall campus planning for Tsinghua, retaining a small number of old buildings (I-shaped halls) and designing four major buildings of the early Tsinghua University: auditorium, science museum, library and gymnasium. This group of buildings all adopt western style, which sets the tone for Tsinghua University's future architectural style. 200 1 Early buildings in Tsinghua University are listed as national key cultural relics protection units with the number of 5-476.
[Editor] Master Plan and Buildings of Fudan University in Shanghai
At this time, Fudan University, a private school composed of dropouts from the Catholic school Aurora University, bought a piece of land in Jiangwan, a northern suburb of Shanghai, and Murphy presided over the campus design. By the spring of 1922, several unique buildings had been built in the new campus of Fudan University, including the arched gate, the palace-style Zhu Yi Hall and the Tang Hui Hall (now Xianghui Hall). Zhu Yi Concert Hall and Deng Hui Concert Hall are still in use today, and were listed as outstanding historical buildings in Shanghai in 2004. The old school gate has also been repaired.
[Editor] Master Plan and Architecture of Fuzhou Christian University
Fujian Christian University was founded in 19 16, and was formed by the merger of four Christian churches in Fujian Province-American congregational church in Fuzhou, American-Israeli-American church and Anglican Church, and four preparatory schools in Xiamen-Gezhi College, He Ling Huaying College, Trinity College and Xunyuan College. At first, I rented a Russian tea shop in Cangshan, Fuzhou and started classes.
19 19, Fujian Christian university purchased a piece of land with an area of 1000 mu in Qi Kui village, 9 kilometers away from the eastern suburbs, and hired henry killam murphy to plan and design a new campus. The new campus is backed by a lonely mountain and faces the Minjiang River. In recent years, the Art Institute, Edwin C Jones Memorial Science Museum and 30 school buildings have been built at the foot of the mountain and halfway up the mountain, with a building area of 6,543.8+0.6 million square meters. The main building is the style of China classical big roof.
The school moved to a new address. 195 1 year, after the missionaries evacuated from Chinese mainland, Fujian Christian University merged with South China Women's College of Arts and Sciences, another missionary university in Fuzhou (located in Cangshan District, Fuzhou, now Fujian Normal University) to form Fuzhou University, which was located in the former Fujian Christian University. 1952, departments merged and became the site of Fujian Agricultural College. 1958 During the Great Leap Forward, it moved to the western suburbs of Fuzhou, and the original site was changed to a factory (Fuzhou Pharmaceutical Factory). Fujian Christian University is the only missionary university in the past, and its campus is not used for education today. By 2006, there were still 14 buildings in Kuiqiyuan Concord University, among which 7 buildings with Chinese classical style were the largest modern buildings in Fuzhou, but the protection of these buildings was worrying [1].
Street view of Hankou former British concession
Street view of Hankou former British concession
[Editor] Hankou Citibank Tower
China Company, an American-funded international bank, entered in the early 20th century. After gaining a firm foothold in Shanghai, it immediately entered Hankou, located in the center of China, and chose Jiangtan, Huachang Street (Qingdao Road), a British concession in Hankou, to build a branch building, with Taikoo Foreign Firm Building (Hankou) on the west and HSBC Building (Hankou) across Huachang Street on the east. Murphy designed this building in 19 19 and completed it in 1922. Five floors above ground, reinforced concrete structure, construction area of 6 153 square meters. The architectural style belongs to simple classical style, consisting of three-stage facade, with 2-4 floors as the middle section and 6 large columns running through 3 floors. Now it is the office building of Wuhan Public Security Bureau.
Jinling Women's University Teaching Building 100
Jinling Women's University Teaching Building 100
Classical veranda of Jinling Women's University
Classical veranda of Jinling Women's University
Corner of Jinling Women's University Campus
Corner of Jinling Women's University Campus
[Editor in Charge] Nanjing Jinling Women's University Master Plan and Building Complex
Jinling Women's University, the first women's university in China, officially opened on 19 15. It was founded by five American Christian missions-Presbyterian Church in North America, American-Israeli-American Association, Supervisory Committee, North American Baptist Church and Christian Church. In the early days, the former site of Li Hongzhang Garden in Xiuzhuang, Nanjing was used as a temporary campus. President Mathilda thurston bought an open space in Suiyuan (Yuan Mei's former residence) in the west of Nanjing. Entrusted by Mrs. Debenham, Murphy planned and designed a beautiful campus.
The whole campus takes Xishan (Xishan) as the background, and an east-west axis running through the whole campus is designed, and the main buildings are symmetrically arranged along this axis. When designing the campus of Jinling Women's University, Murphy deliberately borrowed the design techniques of the Forbidden City. The entrance part adopts a long passage to enhance the depth of the space, and then opens up a wide space (lawn) to form a vertical and horizontal contrast, passing through the tall main building in front (100 building), followed by a garden centered on the artificial lake, and finally the western end of the central axis ends at a Zhonghua Pavilion at the commanding heights of the Western Hills. The architectural styles of Jinling Women's University are all the classical palace styles in China, which are connected by the classical verandahs in China. By the time 1923 Golden Normal University officially moved in, seven palace-style buildings had been completed: 100 (conference building, 143 1 square meter) and 200 (science museum, 154 1 square meter).
195 1 year, the missionaries in China retreated, and the China government took over the missionary university and merged Jinling Women's University into Jinling University. The following year, in the adjustment of departments, Jinling University was also abolished, and Nanjing University (formerly Central University) was divided into several universities, among which Nanjing Normal University (later renamed Nanjing Normal University) entered the former campus of Jinling Women's University. Now, the former site of Jinling Women's University is Suiyuan Campus of Nanjing Normal University. In 2006, the former site of Jinling Women's University was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit, numbered 6-934.
yenching university
yenching university
Master Planning and Architecture of yenching university
Yenching university comes from three missionary schools in North China: Peking University in Chongwenmen, Beijing, Peking Union Medical College in Tongzhou (formerly known as Liuhe College of American Church) and Peking Union Women's University in dengshikou, Beijing (formerly known as Beiman Women's Church College).
192 1—1926, Murphy was employed by Si Tuleideng, the president of yenching university, and Lu Siyi, the vice president, to make overall planning and architectural design for the new Haidian campus in yenching university. These buildings all adopt the style of China classical palace. The east-west axis of yenching university takes Yuquan Mountain Pagoda as the opposite scene, and passes through the stone arch bridge and Hua Biao (taken from the site of Yuanmingyuan) from the alumni gate. On both sides of the square courtyard are the Mu Building and the Democratic Building, on the front is the Gongbei Building (administrative building) at the top of Xieshan Mountain, and on both sides are the religious building and the library. Continue eastward along the central axis until you reach the Siyi Pavilion in the unnamed lake, with Boya Tower and Linhuxuan by the lake. The eastern part is bounded by the unnamed lake, which is divided into the northern male hospital and the southern female hospital. The Men's College includes four male dormitories, namely, German, Talented, Concurrent, Preparatory and Fahrenheit Gymnasium. Along a north-south axis, women's colleges are located in Yishouge, Nanbeige, Girls' Dormitory and Bowes Gymnasium. Externally, yenching university buildings try to imitate the classical buildings in China, and internally, try to use the most advanced equipment at that time: heating, hot water, toilets, bathtubs, drinking fountains and so on. Yenching university campus is recognized as the largest, highest quality and most beautiful campus in modern China.
1952, during the adjustment of departments, yenching university was revoked and moved from Peking University to the original yenching university campus. 200 1 the unnamed lake yanyuan building is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit with the number of 5-475.
[Editor] National Beiping Library
The Present Situation of National Beiping Library
The Present Situation of National Beiping Library
193 1 year, more than 2.4 million yuan was returned to Beiping Library from boxer indemnity, and a new library (now a branch of the National Library) was built next to Beihai in Jinwen Street. It was one of the most advanced libraries in the Far East at that time, covering an area of 76 mu. It had the gorgeous traditional palace-style building structure in China and all the most advanced western-style facilities at that time. According to the records at that time, "it is not inferior to the Library of Congress. It's just that the bathrooms on both sides of the central hall are down stairs, with small hexagonal tiles. You can't see inside from outside, but you can see the window glass outside. The colors are all American, which is more exquisite than those of Beijing Hotel. " In 2006, the former site of Beiping Library was also listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit, numbered 6-885.
[Editor in Charge] Nanjing Capital Planning
1928, Murphy and his assistants, Emster P. goodrich, Colonel Owen C. Mueller and Theodor T. McCrosky, were employed as architectural consultants of the Capital Construction Committee of Nanjing National Government. At the end of 1929, Nanjing's capital plan was completed.
This plan laid the urban pattern and basic features of modern Nanjing: tree-lined avenues, such as Guo Fu Road (now Changjiang Road), Central Road, Taiping Road and Zhonghua Road, criss-crossed, with two rows of tall Platanus acerifolia on both sides, lush and covered the sky. In particular, the first part of the planning-20 kilometers of Ling Ying Avenue from Shimonoseki Zhongshan Wharf to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, including today's Zhongshan North Road, Zhongshan Road, Zhongshan East Road and Lingyuan Road, constitutes the main axis of Nanjing's urban development. For example. The eight street squares around the island designed by Xinjiekou, Jiangsu Road, Mogan Road and Xianxia Road are also one of the characteristic landscapes of Nanjing. One of Murphy's famous suggestions is to keep the Ming Dynasty city wall and open it as an "elevated" ring road where cars can drive and become a "scenic road". Of course, this proposal was not realized later.
This plan is the first urban plan formulated in accordance with the concept of modern functional zoning in China, which clearly divides Nanjing into several areas with different functions, such as central political area, Nanjing administrative area, park area, residential area, commercial area and industrial area. The planned central political area is determined outside Zhongshan Gate and at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain. The municipal administrative region is in Fuhougang, north of Gulou; The industrial zone is on both sides of the Yangtze River; The residence is divided into three grades, and the senior villa area is in the northwest new district of the city; The cultural area is around the Drum Tower and Jiming Temple (Central University of Academia Sinica). Due to the outbreak of 1937 in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, many planning ideas such as the central political area failed to come true. Basically, according to the plan, the upper residential area or "embassy area" along Yihe Road in the northwest of Nanjing has been realized.
Because the capital planning emphasizes "carrying forward the inherent national culture", most of the important buildings on both sides of Ling Ying Avenue are traditional palace styles with big roofs, such as the Ministry of Railways Building, Inspirational Society, Party History Exhibition Hall, Ordnance Department, Central Museum, etc., which are a combination of Chinese and Western, such as Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Music Station and Central Hospital.
Memorial archway of national revolutionary army soldier cemetery
Memorial archway of national revolutionary army soldier cemetery
Memorial tower for fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army
Memorial tower for fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army
[Editor] Memorial Tower and Memorial Hall of Nanjing National Revolutionary Army Soldiers Cemetery
193 1 to 1935, the Nanjing National Government built a cemetery for fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army on the former site of Linggu Temple east of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain, covering an area of about one square kilometer, and buried 1029 soldiers killed in the Northern Expedition and the Sino-Japanese War. Murphy designed a 1 km-long central axis for the cemetery, from the tomb gate, memorial arch, memorial hall, the first cemetery, memorial hall (Songfengge) to the 60-meter-high memorial tower in the northernmost part. The second cemetery and the third cemetery are symmetrically located on both sides. There are five memorial archways for fallen soldiers, which are built on 42-story stone steps. The bridge deck is 32.7 meters wide and the depth is 16.6. The memorial hall was transformed from a masonry arch-coupon structure, and was built in 138 1 (14th year of Ming Hongwu). All the buildings are designed according to the traditional national architectural forms in China.
[Editor] Nanjing National Government Ministry of Railways Building
Located at No.254, Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, design 1930, far from the building of the Ministry of Communications across the road (No.305, Zhongshan North Road). This is a beautiful classical building in China. After the Anti-Japanese War, it was used by the Executive Yuan. At present, it is the Nanjing Political College of the People's Liberation Army.
Corner of former Lingnan University
Corner of former Lingnan University
[Editor] Guangzhou Lingnan University Expansion Project
Lingnan University's campus in Lekang (Haizhu District), Henan Province, was founded in 1904, and the first batch of buildings basically belong to the style of combining Chinese and Western styles. From 1928 to 1930, Murphy designed three authentic China classical buildings for Lingnan University: Xingge (1928), Luyoutang (1930) and Tangtang (1930). After 1953, the original Lingnan University in Guangzhou was cancelled and the campus was moved to Sun Yat-sen University. Kangleyuan (Lingnan University) is also listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province.