With the rapid development of China's economy, the overall scale of college enrollment has been expanding. With the increase of college students, it has caused considerable employment pressure to the society. I will share it with you. Welcome to see it.

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1*** Policy and regulatory environment

Capital is the first difficult problem for college students to start their own businesses. Some college graduates have just worked, and some even have no jobs. Most families do not have enough strength to support their children to start businesses. In fact, it's not just college students' starting a business. For most people who want to start a business, it's a difficult hurdle to cross! Even many people who want to start a business are blocked at the first threshold of venture capital. The state has issued relevant policies for college students' entrepreneurial loans, and the main preferential policies include:

1. Commercial banks, joint-stock banks, city commercial banks and qualified city credit cooperatives in various countries should provide small loans for college graduates who start their own businesses. In the process of loan, simplify procedures to facilitate account opening and settlement. The loan amount is about 50,000 yuan.

2. The longest loan period is two years. If it is determined that the loan term needs to be extended after maturity, you can apply for an extension.

3. The loan interest is determined according to the loan interest rate published by the People's Bank of China. The maximum guarantee amount is 5 times of the guarantee fund, and the guarantee period is the same as the loan period.

The handling methods of college students' entrepreneurial loans are as follows:

If college graduates want to start their own businesses within two years after graduation, they need to apply for a business license at the industrial and commercial department where the entrepreneurial entity is located. If the registered capital is less than 500,000 yuan, it can be put in place by stages. The paid-in capital in the first phase shall not be less than 65,438+00% of the registered capital * * * The contribution shall not be less than 30,000 yuan * *. 1 year, the paid-in registered capital is increased to 50 yuan, and the income or effective assets of family members of entrepreneurial college students provide corresponding joint guarantee, and they have good reputation and guaranteed repayment, so they can appropriately increase credit loans on the basis of controllable risks and enjoy preferential low interest rates.

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Preferential tax policies:

The second concern for college students to start their own businesses lies in the tax issue. Taxes in China are relatively high and there are many tax items. In addition to the national tax, local tax and income tax that enterprises have to pay, there will be some other taxes to pay according to the different industries that enterprises are engaged in. In the preferential policies for college students to start businesses, the state has made the following provisions on taxation: the newly established urban labor and employment service enterprises * * * except for the industries stipulated by the state, the unemployed people who were resettled in that year * * * include college graduates who have registered for unemployment, and the same below * * * exceeds 60% of the total number of employees of the enterprises, and are exempted from income tax for three years with the approval of the relevant competent tax authorities. After the expiration of the tax exemption period for labor employment service enterprises, if the newly placed unemployed persons account for more than 30% of the total number of original employees of the enterprise in that year, the income tax may be halved for 2 years with the approval of the relevant competent tax authorities.

In addition, different industries have different preferential tax policies:

1. An enterprise or business unit that provides new consulting, information and technical services for college graduates may be exempted from enterprise income tax for two years upon its application and approval by the tax authorities.

2, college graduates engaged in new business transportation, post and telecommunications enterprises or business units, the tax authorities to apply for approval, the first year shall be exempted from enterprise income tax, the second year halved.

3. Newly-established enterprises or business units engaged in public utilities, commerce, materials industry, foreign trade industry, tourism, logistics industry, warehousing industry, residential service industry, catering industry, educational and cultural undertakings and health undertakings may be exempted from enterprise income tax for one year upon their application and approval by the tax authorities. With the support of many preferential tax-free policies for starting a business, I believe that the majority of self-employed college graduates can save a lot of money for business operation in the early stage of starting a business.

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Compared with preferential policies such as loans and taxes, the preferential policies for entrepreneurship in enterprise management have not attracted the attention of most college entrepreneurs, and even some self-employed college graduates simply don't know this preferential policy. Preferential policies in this regard:

1. Staff recruitment and training enjoy free discounts. For enterprises founded by college graduates independently, they can inquire about the supply and demand information of talents and labor force and publish job advertisements free of charge on the websites of talent intermediary service agencies and public employment agencies affiliated to the administrative departments of personnel and labor security within 1 year from the date when the local industrial and commercial departments approve their operation. This helps to obtain the talent resources needed by related industries in the early stage of entrepreneurship. It can help college graduates who start their own businesses to get the required professionals at the lowest cost more easily.

2, to participate in * * * personnel, labor and social security administrative departments of talent intermediary service agencies and public * * * employment agencies organized by the talent market or talent, labor exchange activities can be given appropriate relief;

* * * The talent agency affiliated to the Ministry of Personnel provides free training and evaluation services for graduates and employees who start businesses.

The above preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship are to encourage college students to start their own businesses.

The state has formulated for all self-employed college students in the country. In addition, in order to support local college students' entrepreneurship, local governments have also issued relevant policies and regulations, which are more targeted, detailed and closer to reality.

2*** Market economy environment

In 2008, a financial crisis swept the world, causing the originally stable market economy environment to encounter a cold winter. Various industries are rapidly declining, the unemployment rate is rising sharply, and various economic fears are spreading around us. Under such a big situation, Wuhan proposed "entrepreneurship for all", which made the overall entrepreneurial atmosphere in Wuhan stronger. However, in this big move, Wuhan should also strengthen and improve the corresponding institutional arrangements. This is concrete.

Including: First, provide relevant support for college students' entrepreneurship, including market access, registration approval, administrative management, information consultation, public services, etc., to ensure the smooth progress of entrepreneurial activities. Second, establish a financial support system for college students' entrepreneurship, such as micro-loans. Third, provide social security for college entrepreneurs. To make college students' entrepreneurial spirit soar, we must establish and improve the social security mechanism to relieve the worries of college students' entrepreneurs.

Fourth, improve the entrepreneurial exit mechanism. The entry mechanism is important, and the exit mechanism is equally important.

3*** Entrepreneurship education environment

Under the background of * * * advocating "entrepreneurship for all", colleges and universities in Wuhan have started to carry out entrepreneurship education for college students, but the maturity and systematization of entrepreneurship education are different. By visiting the graduation guidance centers of five universities in Wuhan, this paper investigates the present situation of entrepreneurship education in Wuhan, and finds that there are obvious differences in entrepreneurship guidance among schools. However, at present, most universities' entrepreneurial guidance centers are being established and improved, and some universities' entrepreneurial guidance is still in the planning stage. These conditions reflect that entrepreneurship education is still in its infancy in many colleges and universities, and it basically belongs to "amateur education", which has not attracted the attention of relevant departments of the school, reflecting the lack of entrepreneurship education in China. Entrepreneurship awareness needs to be cultivated from an early age, and schools play an inestimable role in this respect, so it is urgent to offer various forms of entrepreneurship education. However, in the increasingly severe employment situation, in addition to entrepreneurship education, China's higher education should also change its concept as soon as possible, from passive employment education in the past to pioneering entrepreneurship education, and vigorously cultivate students' awareness and ability to start their own businesses, thus effectively changing the passive situation of graduates' employment difficulties.

Second, the micro-environment of college students' entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurs should never forget their strengths and weaknesses when looking for and analyzing external opportunities. Only by organically combining advantages with external opportunities can entrepreneurship succeed. The internal environment is the general name of all kinds of entrepreneurial elements and resources such as personnel, funds, facilities, technology, products, production, management, execution and so on. The internal environment is the home of entrepreneurs and the foundation of entrepreneurial activities. We should find out our own advantages and disadvantages from the aspects of entrepreneurial team, capital and its source, product competitiveness, technical development level, production technology, market channel ability and supply.

Third, the advantages of college students' entrepreneurship

* * *1* * Contemporary college students have a strong sense of self-employment, strong entrepreneurial interest, eager for success, full of energy, and have * * * and entrepreneurial dreams.

* * * 2 * * College students hope to show their life values and talents through entrepreneurship and create wealth for society and themselves.

* * * 3 * * Contemporary college students have good cultural literacy and entrepreneurial potential. They often show strong talent and vitality in interpersonal communication, coordination and communication, imagination space, sports space, teamwork, organization and management, dare to think and do, and have great advantages in non-intellectual factors and entrepreneurial psychological quality.

Fourth, the disadvantages of college students' entrepreneurship.

* * *1* * The entrepreneurial initiative of college students is not enough. Many college students will only consider starting a business if they can't find a suitable job.

* * * 2 * * Contemporary local college students lack objective evaluation of their entrepreneurial ability, and are not psychologically prepared for the difficulty of starting a business. Many students have the idea of quick success and instant benefit, always hope to get rich quickly through starting a business, lack long-term psychological preparation for starting a business, and underestimate the risks and difficulties they will encounter in the process of starting a business.

***3*** Many local college students have formed mental retardation in individual study, which has become a stumbling block to entrepreneurial action.

***4*** Many local college students have psychological obstacles in starting a business. Mainly manifested in: fear of suffering and fatigue. Afraid of competition, unwilling to start at the grassroots level, lack of life and work, etc. Fear of failure, fear of making mistakes. Afraid of losing face, trying to save face, lacking self-confidence and underestimating yourself. Dare not accept challenges, dare not try risks. Always worry that you can't; Lack of sensitivity and indifference to everything. Not good at observation and thinking.

At present, the relevant national legal systems and policies are gradually improved and perfected, which provides legal guarantee for college students to start their own businesses. There are more and more opportunities for college students to start their own businesses. We should know how to seize the opportunity, give full play to the advantages of college students' entrepreneurship, improve their own quality in an all-round way, and get ready for entrepreneurship.

References:

[1] Ren, investigation and research on entrepreneurial quality of college students. Journal of China Institute of Labor Relations, 2006, ***5***

[2] *** Bao's Economic Horizon 20 10 No.6.

[3] Zhou Qiujiang. Investigation and countermeasures of college students' self-employment, Heilongjiang Higher Education Research, 2007, *** 12***

[4] He Tingying, Zhang Liping. Investigation and research on college students' entrepreneurial consciousness, China Youth Research, 2007, *** 1***