Temperament is a relatively stable psychological feature in people's psychological activities. Every temperament type has the possibility of developing into a positive or negative personality quality. How to educate students according to their temperament characteristics, help them develop positive personality qualities and restrain their negative qualities is a subject worthy of educators' consideration. Starting with four temperament types, this paper puts forward some educational suggestions and attempts for students with different temperament types in order to better combine the temperament characteristics of students and give full play to their temperament advantages. Keywords temperament temperament type Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude "Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" is an ancient educational principle, which refers to implementing different educational methods according to students' individual differences and characteristics. Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, said in the article "Children's Creative Education": "... we need to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Just as pine trees and peony flowers need different fertilizers, if you cultivate peony with pine fertilizer, peony will be thin and die. On the contrary, if you cultivate pine trees with peony fertilizer, the pine trees will be burned to death. To cultivate children's creativity, just like gardeners, we must first be familiar with them, discover their characteristics, and apply appropriate fertilizers, moisture and sunlight to eliminate pests, so that they can thrive, otherwise they will inevitably wither ... "The" materials "we emphasize here include different characteristics of students' temperament. Therefore, as a teacher, it is necessary to determine the temperament characteristics of a student through the observation of daily education and teaching practice and the measurement of temperament, so that it is possible to truly "teach students in accordance with their aptitude" and "open a lock with a key". I. The concept of temperament The temperament mentioned in daily life refers to the "temper", "temperament" or "temperament" that people often say. Temperament in psychology is not exactly the same as that in our daily life. Psychological temperament refers to the sum of the dynamic characteristics of people's psychological activities, which is a typical and stable psychological characteristic of people. It is mainly manifested in the speed (such as the speed of speaking and the speed of thinking) and intensity (such as the strength of emotional experience) of our psychological activities. ), stability (such as paying attention to the length of concentration time and patience, etc. ) and directionality (introverted or extroverted). The dynamic characteristics of these relatively stable psychological activities are interrelated and interactive, which makes people's daily activities have a certain color and form a certain style. For example, some people are lively and active, while others are quiet and calm. There are many ways to classify temperament types, but the classification of ancient Greek doctor Hippocrates and Russian physiologist Pavlov is the most influential and vital. Hippocrates, an ancient Greek doctor, believed that there are four kinds of body fluids in human body: blood, mucus, yellow bile and black bile, and the state of an organism depends on the number of these four kinds of body fluids. The formation of temperament has undergone constant evolution, and according to the characteristics of body fluid, it can be divided into four body fluid theories: sanguine, mucinous, choleric and depressive. Russian physiologist Pavlov found through experimental research that the process of excitation and inhibition of nervous system has three basic characteristics: intensity, balance and flexibility. According to the difference and combination of these three characteristics, human higher nervous activity can be divided into four types, which corresponds to the classification of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek doctor. higher nervous activity type is the physiological basis of human temperament. These two types are consistent, and human temperament can be divided into four typical types (see the table below). Chinese scholars have investigated the temperament distribution of urban and rural children in China through questionnaires, and found that there are quite a few mixed temperament types besides the above four typical temperament types. In real life, not everyone's temperament can be classified into one of the above typical temperament types. In addition to the typical characteristics of a certain temperament type, half of them tend to be mixed, that is, they have more characteristics of a certain temperament type and some characteristics of other temperament types. According to the research of the research group of China Teenagers' Temperament Distribution and Development, the number of people with four typical temperament types is slightly more than half, while choleric-sanguine is the most, accounting for 12%-2 1%, and sanguine-depressive is the least, accounting for 3%. Second, the significance of different temperament types in human life. Temperament is the sum of the dynamic characteristics of people's psychological activities. It is a typical and stable behavior color of people. These characteristics are generally unaffected by the purpose, motivation and content of personal activities. The significance in a person's life mainly includes: (1) Temperament does not determine a person's intelligence level and social value. Temperament itself is not good or bad. Each temperament type has the characteristics of easy formation of positive personality and easy formation of negative personality. (2) Temperament is one of the bases of career choice. The reasonable matching between temperament characteristics and occupation has become a natural requirement of the development of the times. By understanding their own temperament characteristics, individuals can develop their strengths and avoid their weaknesses, give full play to their potential and temperament advantages, and overcome the negative side of their own temperament characteristics. (3) The significance of temperament in education 1. Due to different temperament characteristics, the same teaching method has different educational effects for different students. This requires truly "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". 2. Temperament is plastic. Teachers can guide students to be familiar with the positive side of their own temperament and help them overcome the negative effects of different temperament types. Make students' potential fully play. 3. When organizing collaborative work, teachers should pay attention to choosing people with different temperament as much as possible. According to the research of Soviet psychologist Lu salov (1982), in the cooperative activities of two people, if two people with different temperament types cooperate with two people with the same temperament type, they will get better results. 3. Temperament types and educational measures Facts have proved that adopting different educational attitudes and strategies for students with different temperament types has different practical effects. (1) bile. Students of this temperament type are full of energy, quick thinking, strong emotional experience, quick and strong emotions, impulsive but soon subsided, frank and straightforward, cheerful and enthusiastic, extroverted, but irritable, often lacking self-control, tenacious struggle and courage, but lacking patience. To sum up, energetic, faithful and strong sensibility are the main characteristics, and the whole psychological activity is full of rapid and sudden colors. Li Kui jy, the black whirlwind in Water Margin, is short-tempered, powerful, loyal as a child, loyal and strong, simple in thought and reckless in behavior, which belongs to this temperament type. Some people call this kind of person "a fire in summer, which catches fire a little bit" and "thunderstorm, which comes and goes in a hurry" When educating people of this temperament type, we should pay attention to strengthening psychological cultivation in patience, composure and self-control. In education, teachers should first explain the truth, and then patiently persuade them, with a calm, serene and strict attitude, so that they can do more meticulous things without being bound by time, thus honing and cultivating the habit of patience and meticulousness. More inspection and more encouragement. Remind these students to control their emotions in time, and don't lose their temper casually to prevent willfulness and rudeness. Pay attention to cultivate their calm, persistent spirit and self-control quality. (2) sanguine. Students of this temperament type are lively and active, quick-witted, quick-acting and flexible in thinking; It emphasizes that power is easy to transfer, emotions are fast and changeable, it is easy to adapt to the environment, people like communication, careless in doing things, rich in expression, extroverted, emotional and inexperienced, which is often manifested as not seeking solutions, flashy and careless. Yan Qing, a prodigal son in the Water Margin, is smart and flexible. He can make a knife with a gun, play the piano and make friends. He is a typical representative of blood. When educating this kind of students, we should strengthen their psychological cultivation in studying hard, starting from the beginning to the end, being strict, being patient and meticulous, etc. Teachers should pay attention to cultivating their hardworking spirit, so that they can form the habit of being practical, careful and starting from the end, and overcome rash, impetuous and flashy behaviors. When you do things, you should start with simple things and gradually become more complicated. They must persist in what they are asked to do and do it patiently and meticulously. We should be strict and help them establish a reasonable living system. (3) mucus. Students of this temperament type are quiet, calm, unresponsive, slow in thinking, speech and action, inflexible and difficult to divert attention. Calm, not impulsive, cautious, self-control and persistence. Not easy to adapt to the new job, not easy to show emotions, good at patience, introverted. However, it is easy to follow the old rules, but it is not easy to change old habits to adapt to the new environment. Tough, stubborn and indifferent. To sum up, it is stable but inflexible, practical but somewhat rigid, calm but lacking in vitality. Lin Chong, the "leopard head" in Water Margin, is calm and sophisticated, with deep hatred and can endure for a long time. After many twists and turns, I was finally forced to go to Liangshan. He is really a typical representative of this kind of people. This kind of temperament is like winter, without bright colors, it looks "cold and not cold-resistant" and lacks vitality, giving people a feeling of "cold", much like a "hot water bottle", which is cool outside and hot inside. Such people tend to form the spirit of being diligent and seeking truth from facts, but they may also develop into listless, dull, passive, lazy and other bad qualities. When educating such students, teachers should have enough enthusiasm and patience, encourage and induce them to accept new things, take the initiative to explore, encourage them to actively participate in various activities, guide them to communicate with the outside world, and guide them to take the initiative to care for and help others. Pay attention to cultivate their keen reaction, decisive style and the ability of collective cooperation. (4) Depression. People of this temperament type are keen and steady, intelligent and imaginative, with strong self-control, profound and lasting emotional experience, rarely showing, slow-moving, timid, withdrawn, unsociable, monotonous in life, sentimental, introverted, cautious and cautious, and prone to retreat when encountering difficulties or setbacks. Sensitive, introverted, easy to observe events that ordinary people can't detect, showing mild appearance, cowardice, loneliness and slow action. Lin Daiyu in A Dream of Red Mansions is sentimental, intelligent, suspicious and aloof, which is really a typical representative of this kind of people. This temperament gives people a kind of helplessness and sadness like "autumn leaves falling". Such people are easy to form positive psychological qualities such as strong self-control, deep experience and understanding, but they are also easy to form bad psychological characteristics such as sadness, depression, melancholy, pessimism and despair. Such students should pay special attention to education. Students with this temperament are usually more sensitive and overly sensitive. Be careful not to criticize them easily in public, and the criticism should not be too harsh, otherwise it will have adverse consequences. Encourage them to participate in more group activities to enhance their adaptability and overcome their loneliness and sensitivity. Do more outdoor activities and have fun (games). We should be patient with them, inspire them, gradually raise their demands, and make them familiar with the unfavorable side of their behavior. We should give more attention and encouragement to cultivate their self-confidence. To sum up, any temperament type may develop into a bad personality quality and a good personality quality. One of the responsibilities of teachers in education is to help students analyze and be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of their own temperament characteristics, be good at controlling their own temperament, give play to their own temperament advantages and overcome the negative side. Only when teachers treat students with different temperament types differently and open a lock with a key can they give full play to the advantages of students with different temperament types, so that students are willing to learn, study easily and efficiently, give full play to their potential and realize self-realization. This is the ultimate goal of our education. Reference 1. Yang. Shanghai Science Popularization Press. Optimize life, excellent development II. Meng. Peking University Publishing House. General psychology iii. Jing Wong. Combine the temperament characteristics of students and give full play to their temperament advantages. Jinzhou normal college. Wang Zhenyu. Psychology course. Third edition. People's Education Press, 19985. Han Yongchang, Yang Zhiliang.