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Can academic misconduct be handled lightly?
After a lapse of three years, the Rules for Investigating and Handling Scientific Research Integrity Cases (Trial) ushered in a revised edition. On September 14, 22 departments, including the Ministry of Science and Technology, issued the Rules for the Investigation and Handling of Dishonesty in Scientific Research (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), which further standardized the investigation procedures and unified the handling standards. It is reported that the Ministry of Science and Technology has opened the national scientific research integrity management information system, which has realized online remittance, online review and information sharing of serious untrustworthy information in scientific research; The organization has developed and built a multi-functional monitoring tool system such as dynamic data collection of global journal papers, dynamic monitoring of high-risk journals, and intelligent fraud detection, and actively monitored academic misconduct.

The Ministry of Science and Technology, together with the Ministry of Education, the Health and Wellness Committee and the Natural Science Foundation of China, has established a regular notification mechanism. The investigation unit, the competent department and the joint meeting have informed the results of the investigation and handling of scientific research dishonesty. At present, the website of the Ministry of Science and Technology has notified 2 1 batch, involving the responsible person 1 422 people. The health department noticed that the latest website of the Ministry of Science and Technology reported the summary of the investigation results of some medical research integrity cases in colleges and universities on May 23, 2022, and * * * involved 24 medical research integrity cases, involving a number of 3A hospitals.

Among them, the Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University involved 9 of the above 24 medical research integrity cases. The Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University involved 3 cases (combined with other 4 papers), Yin Dexin of Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University (combined with other 6 papers), and Zhang of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaotong University involved 2 cases of medical scientific research integrity. The Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University made a serious deal, revoking 1 chief physician, 2 deputy chief physicians and 1 deputy chief physician and associate professor. On the basis of this paper, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University made a serious treatment and revoked its deputy senior title. The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi Jiaotong University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi Jiaotong University made serious treatment, and both of them permanently canceled the qualification of enrolling graduate students with the same academic level. Northwestern Polytechnical University Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Xi Chest Hospital and Taihe Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi Jiaotong University all cancelled the qualification for doctoral degree application. The health department found that the Ministry of Science and Technology has notified the investigation and handling results of medical research integrity cases four times this year. From September, 20265438 to February, 65438, the Ministry of Science and Technology notified 15 times, of which the most was in February, with 5 notifications. Strengthen the punishment of scientific research dishonesty, and add seven kinds of scientific research dishonesty.

In recent years, the phenomenon of dishonesty in scientific research has become more hidden and complicated. In view of the new forms of expression, the rules add seven kinds of scientific research dishonesty behaviors, such as buying and selling experimental research data, signing without substantial academic contribution, and repeating publication, stipulate the investigation of third-party institutions engaged in the sale of papers and writing papers on their behalf, refine the behaviors that violate the ethical norms of science and technology, and emphasize obtaining the approval of scientific and technological ethics by fraudulent means, or forging or tampering with the approval documents of scientific and technological ethics.

According to article 50 of the Rules:

(1) Buying and selling experimental research data refers to obtaining experimental research data by paying remuneration to third-party intermediary service agencies or others without actually carrying out experimental research. Entrusting a third party to carry out inspection, testing and testing to obtain inspection, testing and testing data, entrusting a third party to carry out experiments according to the experimental scheme provided by the entrusting party to obtain original experimental records and data, and obtaining third-party survey statistics or related public database data through legal channels do not belong to trading experimental research data.

(3) Substantive academic contribution refers to making important contributions to the design, analysis and interpretation of research ideas and experimental research data, drafting papers on important intellectual contents or making key revisions to papers, and finally determining the version to be published.

If temper justice with mercy voluntarily withdraws the manuscript before being reported, and it has not caused great negative impact, it may be given a lighter or exempted treatment.

It is noteworthy that the Rules further refine the division of responsibilities for investigation and handling. For example, for cooperative papers, it is stipulated that the first signature unit of the first communication author will take the lead in investigation and handling; If there is no correspondent, the first author and the first signature unit will take the lead in the investigation and handling; If the signatory unit is inconsistent with its subordinate unit, the subordinate unit shall take the lead in the investigation and handling ..... In addition, if the person under investigation is organized by the principal responsible person of the unit or a legal person or an unincorporated person, the superior competent department shall be responsible for organizing the investigation and handling.

According to Article 29 of the Rules, the types of treatment measures are:

(a) scientific research integrity admonishing conversation;

(2) Public notification within a certain range;

(three) to suspend scientific and technological activities supported by financial funds such as science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.). ) and rectification within a time limit;

(four) to terminate or cancel the scientific and technological activities supported by financial funds such as science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.). ) if the scientific research is obtained in bad faith, the surplus funds will be recovered and the allocated financial funds will be recovered;

(five) it is forbidden to undertake or participate in scientific and technological activities supported by financial funds such as scientific and technological plans (special projects, funds, etc.). ) within a certain period of time;

(six) to revoke the relevant academic awards and honors obtained by using scientific research dishonesty and recover the bonuses, and to revoke the job title obtained by using scientific research dishonesty;

(seven) within a certain period of time to cancel its application or declaration of scientific and technological awards, scientific and technological personnel titles and titles promotion and other qualifications;

(eight) to cancel the title of academician and other high-level experts, and to cancel their qualifications as members or directors of academic organizations such as societies, associations, research associations and academic institutions such as academic and academic degree committees;

(nine) to cancel the qualifications as a nominee or recommender, nominee or recommender, evaluation expert and so on within a certain period of time;

(ten) reduce the recruitment, suspend the recruitment of graduate students in a certain period of time until the qualification of graduate tutor is cancelled;

(eleven) to suspend the conferment of degrees;

(twelve) not to grant or revoke the degree;

(thirteen) recorded in the database of serious dishonesty in scientific research integrity;

(14) Other benefits.

The above treatment measures can be combined. Where items 5, 7, 9 and 10 of the preceding paragraph are given, item 13 of the preceding paragraph shall be given at the same time. If the person being dealt with is party member or a public official, it should also be dealt with or punished by the competent authority in accordance with the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions against Party Discipline in People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Law on Administrative Actions against Public Officials in People's Republic of China (PRC). If it is handled or disposed of by other applicable institutions, it shall be handled or disposed of by institutions with jurisdiction according to laws and regulations. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Thirty-second, the investigation found that there is dishonesty in scientific research, should be given the following treatment according to the seriousness of the case:

(a) if the circumstances are relatively minor, it shall be dealt with according to the first, third and eleventh items of Article 29 of these Rules;

(two) if the circumstances are serious, the second, fourth, tenth, twelfth and thirteenth items of Article 29 of these Rules shall be dealt with accordingly, and the period of cancellation or prohibition shall be within 3 years;

(three) if the circumstances are serious, the second, fourth, tenth, twelfth and thirteenth items of Article 29 of these Rules shall be dealt with accordingly, and the period of cancellation or prohibition shall be 3 to 5 years;

(four) if the circumstances are particularly serious, the second, fourth, tenth, twelfth and thirteenth items of Article 29 of these Rules shall be dealt with accordingly, and the period of cancellation or prohibition shall be more than five years.

Article 33. Persons who have been dealt with in Item (2), Item (3) and Item (4) of Article 32 of these Rules are applying for scientific and technological activities supported by financial funds or are recommended as relevant candidates, nominees, referees, etc., and their application qualifications or nomination and recommendation qualifications shall be terminated.

Thirty-fourth any of the following circumstances, can be given a lighter punishment:

(a) there is evidence to prove that it is a negligent act, which has not yet caused significant impact;

(two) the degree of fault is relatively light and can actively cooperate with the investigation;

(3) Correcting mistakes, recovering losses or effectively preventing harmful results before investigation and handling;

(four) take the initiative to admit mistakes in the investigation, publicly promise to strictly abide by the requirements of scientific research integrity, and no longer implement scientific research dishonesty.

If the author of the paper voluntarily withdraws the manuscript before being reported, which has not caused great negative impact, he may be given a lighter or exempted treatment. Fortieth after the treatment decision takes effect, if the person being treated publicly promises to strictly abide by the requirements of scientific research integrity through the state media, or has made significant contributions to the country and society, the unit that made the treatment decision may reduce the treatment according to the application of the person being treated.