Pinyin Teaching Method (1) The focus of Chinese teaching in the first grade of primary school is the teaching of Chinese Pinyin. According to the requirements of Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Primary Schools, we should attach importance to the function of Chinese Pinyin to help reading, pay attention to the development of language and thinking, and read with the help of Chinese Pinyin when students are illiterate or have little literacy, so as to gradually expand the reading volume. Therefore, teaching Chinese Pinyin well is the key to teaching new textbooks well. In the teaching of Chinese Pinyin in the first grade of primary school, as long as teachers are familiar with Chinese Pinyin, clear the intention of compiling textbooks, grasp the key and difficult points of textbooks, make full use of the contents of textbooks and use appropriate methods to carry out teaching in a down-to-earth manner, good teaching results can be achieved. The specific method is:
1. Correctly understand and grasp the requirements of Chinese Pinyin teaching.
The Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Primary Schools clearly stipulates that Chinese Pinyin is taught in the first grade of primary school, and students are required to spell syllables accurately and skillfully. Conditional can gradually achieve direct syllables. It is not unreasonable for the new curriculum standard to make such flexible provisions, mainly from the reality of the whole country, to avoid increasing the difficulty and burden. But from the essence of the problem, as a tool, Chinese Pinyin should be a function that determines demand. What is the function of Chinese Pinyin in primary school Chinese? The Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Primary Schools states that Chinese Pinyin is an effective tool to help literacy, reading and learning Mandarin. When junior students write, they can use syllables instead of Chinese characters they haven't learned. Compared with the traditional teaching of Chinese Pinyin, it mainly increases the reading aid function. Then, according to the principle that function determines requirements, the requirement of Chinese pinyin teaching should be that you can read a syllable when you see it. The task now is to take all possible effective measures to make the majority of primary school Chinese teachers quickly adapt to the new requirements of Chinese Pinyin teaching, and constantly explore the best ways and methods to train students to learn Chinese Pinyin.
2. Highlight the teaching of initials and finals and lay a good foundation for spelling.
To master Chinese Pinyin, syllables are the center and phonology is the foundation. Practice has proved that students mispronounce syllables or can't pronounce syllables, often because they can't spell, but because they forget the initials or finals, or mispronounce the initials, finals or tones. Therefore, teachers should first strengthen the teaching of letters in teaching. The reason: China people.
Pinyin has only dozens of initials and finals, which is lighter than memorizing hundreds of syllables by rote, and it can also get twice the result with half the effort. To strengthen letter teaching, we should do three things well: first, give full play to the role of pictures, guide students to pronounce good sounds and remember good shapes; Second, the Pinyin Festival consolidates sound, rhyme and tone; The third is to guide students to write letters in a down-to-earth manner.
In order to achieve skilled spelling or direct call, the initial teaching should do three things:
1, let the students master the pronunciation parts and methods of 23 initials, so as to prepare for reading syllables by scaffolding method in the future. Teaching should be carried out in strict accordance with the order of textbook arrangement. Because the order of initials is arranged according to the pronunciation position of initials, there are rules to follow. B, P, M and F are tongue sounds, and Z, C and S are pre-tongue sounds (also called flat tongue sounds); Zh, ch, sh, R are the tip of the tongue sounds (also called tongue-popping sounds).
2. Require initials: the pronunciation should be as light and short as possible in order to transition to direct calling.
3. To connect with the reality of the dialect, grasp the difficulties: for example, there is an l without n in Xiji County dialect of Ningxia, and the pronunciation of n and 1 is exactly the same, but the pronunciation is different. The key to pronounce n well is to overcome the habit of sticking your tongue horizontally and upturning. In order to cultivate the habit of sticking out the tongue, in teaching, according to the fact that most students in Huaxi Primary School immigrated from Xihaigu, Ningxia, I asked the students to put the washed index finger in their mouth and stick it behind the lower incisors, so that the back of the tongue would not get wet by nails when pronouncing. Through such training, students can pronounce n quickly and correctly.
Pinyin Teaching Method (2) Chinese Pinyin is a tool to know Chinese characters and learn Mandarin, and it is an important part of Chinese teaching in primary schools. It is very important and difficult to teach pinyin well and let students read, write and spell correctly. The "Compulsory Education Curriculum Standard Experimental Chinese Textbook" published by People's Education Publishing House is illustrated with pictures and texts, and the content is easy to understand. The exercises are full of childlike interest, which greatly increases the interest of Chinese learning. Moreover, the textbooks also reflect the characteristics of comprehensiveness, scientificity, modernity and openness required by the curriculum standards, and strive to improve students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way.
Howard, a professor at Harvard University in the United States? Gardner used various research results to prove that everyone has at least seven different kinds? Intelligence center? They are language wisdom, logic and mathematics wisdom, visual space wisdom, physical operation wisdom, music wisdom, interpersonal wisdom and introspection wisdom. He believes that in people's life, these intelligences are constantly inspired or turned on and off by innate and acquired influences, and the main purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge, but also to explore and lead the development of these intelligences. The theory of multiple intelligences plays an extremely important role in planning children's education, developing children's intellectual potential and improving children's comprehensive quality. Therefore, I try to use the theory of multiple intelligences combined with teaching materials to guide the teaching of Chinese Pinyin. Activate children's different wisdom, enliven the classroom atmosphere, arouse children's enthusiasm for autonomous learning, and make abstract and boring pinyin symbols concrete and sensible, which is easy for students to accept and willing to accept.
First, study easily, experience fun and stimulate interest in learning.
Pure pinyin teaching is abstract and boring. Pinyin teaching, which lasted for more than a month, was boring and did not adapt to children's psychological characteristics. And then what? Children think with images, colors and sounds. ? (Suhomlinski) So, I think pinyin teaching should be life-oriented, that is, let students extract the recognition and understanding of pinyin symbols from their familiar living environment. For example:? Little sister loves to sing, so she will come when she opens her mouth. aaa？ ,? The cock crows in the morning, with a round mouth ooo? . I talked about it when I taught the third lesson of Chinese Pinyin? b？ When you say font? Little sister listens to the radio, bbb in the lower right semicircle? . Learn the first letter? p？ When I asked. How do you remember what P looks like? A student learned to compose a nursery rhyme under my inspiration. Little brother climbs the hillside, and the upper right corner is semi-circular ppp. ? I praised it after listening to it. Later, the learning of Chinese Pinyin was basically that students made up children's songs and memorized letters themselves. I just gave a little guidance. Like what? Sister and brother come to touch the blind, two doorways mmm? ,? There are many coconuts on the coconut tree, left I right ie ie ie ,? I like Tiananmen Square in Beijing, one on the left and one on the right? And so on, which not only makes students have a strong interest in learning Chinese Pinyin, but also makes students' language develop.
In addition, in order to stimulate students' interest in learning, we can also use our imagination and make up stories to attract students. When learning to read the syllables Yi, Wu and Chinese as a whole, I will also make up stories to intersperse them. For example:? The mother of Primary One is Dai. They live together and know the syllable Yi Yi as a whole. ,? Xiao U's father is Da W. They live in a house and read the syllable wu wu wu a whole. ,? Small? Without mom and dad, get rid of two dots and read the syllable yu as a whole. Students are particularly interested in this kind of stories and can quickly and firmly master new knowledge.
Second, courseware presentation, illustrated, color memory.
The sound, light, color and shape of multimedia computer can give students a novel and exciting feeling, stimulate their interest, display colorful situation maps, bring students into the realm of beauty and enjoy beauty. Let students master what they have learned on the basis of sensory cognition.
For example, when looking at pictures and talking, look for similarities between graphics and glyphs, and look for similarities between pictures and pronunciations, such as teaching vowels? The picture shows a red carp, with its tail sticking up and spitting bubbles. Show the slides and watch them carefully. What is drawn on this map? What is it doing? Does it have a vowel? What are the similarities? After careful observation, the students got the answer: Monovowel? Pronunciation and carp? Fish? The first sound is the same. Single rhyme of red carp with upturned tail? What does red carp look like when it blows bubbles? Two small greetings on the website. Learn to compare and lay the foundation for the later pronunciation and recitation.
Making pictures and slides with different colors can also deepen students' understanding of what they have learned. Once a child said to me with a homemade pinyin card: I can't tell the letters z, c, s from the syllables zi, ci and si, but now when I see the color on the card, I know what it is called, because I paint all the letters red and the syllables blue. ? Inspired by this child's words, did I make a courseware? Pinyin corner? Also write in different colors; Red represents initials, yellow represents whole syllables, and black represents finals. I think this kind of teaching design that conforms to children's cognitive characteristics may be much more profound than the teacher directly instilling knowledge into them. Third, skillfully create children's songs and memorize glyphs.
According to the characteristics of children's language development. School-age children especially like some smooth children's songs. If it is associated with the back glyph, it can get twice the result with half the effort. The arrangement of the new textbook has grasped this characteristic of primary school students, and arranged a large number of children's songs in the teaching content of pinyin, which organically combined pinyin with literacy. I think this arrangement is not only to consolidate and use Chinese Pinyin, but also to learn some independent words with high word formation rate by using Chinese Pinyin, so as to prepare conditions for learning combined words. Ru Ru? Horseshoe print ddd? 、? Right upper semicircle ppp? 、? Umbrella handle down ttt? 、? 9-character plus bend ggg? Wait a minute. Teaching? ing？ When I asked them how to remember the pronunciation of this vowel, a child stood up and said that she would remember it with nursery rhymes. A star in the sky, an eagle in the tree, a nail on the wall, a piece of ice on the ground. ? This greatly improves the efficiency of students' memory.
Fourth, combine games with entertainment, teach pinyin and develop the wisdom of body operation.
? The main skill of educating children is to turn everything that children should do into games. ? (Lok) For freshmen, if pinyin teaching does not allow students to be full? Moving? Get up, then they will be tired of learning and have difficulty concentrating. The most common game in the lower grades is "Finding Friends". But this "finding friends" can find many tricks. You can find friends with vowels (such as an, one student gets an A and the other student gets an N); You can find friends by reading syllables as a whole, by spelling two syllables and three pinyin festivals, or by using pictures and texts (such as "Pencil Sharpener", where one person takes pictures and the other person takes the names of the corresponding pinyin words). Various forms, flexible and practical. In addition to "finding friends", there is also an "apple picking" competition. Write syllables after "Apple" and have a spelling contest. You can also use the initials, finals and syllables of Pinyin to form the rest practice of Chinese Pinyin. You can relax in class and consolidate your knowledge of pinyin. "1, nod and stretch, let's do pinyin rest exercises. Hands and feet. Let's recite the initials B and p2 and twist our necks and waists. Let's recite vowels a and o. Stand up straight, sit up straight. Let's recite "Zhi", "Eat", "Yes" and "Day" together. Listen attentively, use your head diligently and learn pinyin well. Teaching? o？ This female figure. I inspire students to think: how to show what O looks like with your body movements? So, after a heated discussion, some children opened their mouths and gathered in a circle. Some children put their forefinger and thumb in a circle; There are other children who put their arms in a circle, all kinds? o？ Get the children excited.
These activities make students' brains analyze and synthesize from many aspects, form temporary connections and improve learning efficiency. At the same time, the wisdom of their body operation is developed, which makes learning change from passive to active and makes learning relaxed and happy.
Under the new curriculum standard, teachers, teaching materials and students are an organic whole of autonomy, cooperation and inquiry with the experimental teaching materials of the curriculum standard of People's Education Press as the carrier. The purpose of Chinese teaching is to mobilize students' enthusiasm and initiative to the maximum extent, activate thinking, gallop imagination and tap creative potential. Pinyin teaching is no exception. In fact, there are methods for teaching Chinese Pinyin, but there is no fixed method. Only by changing the old teaching methods and learning methods can we achieve the goal of formulating new curriculum standards. Only in this way can the teaching of Chinese Pinyin really pave the way for the whole Chinese teaching.
Methods and skills of learning pinyin well 1, and the method of looking at pictures.
There are many scene pictures in Chinese textbooks, such as the first lesson of Pinyin Unit in the experimental textbook "The First Volume of Primary Chinese" published by Jiangsu Education Press. The whole picture involves? ao e？ Three single vowels. In this case, aunt's? Huh? Is that a hint? Answer? That sound, did the rooster crow? Oh? Is that a hint? o？ The sound of geese swimming in the pond? Goose? Is that a hint? e？ What does the goose's wings imply? e？ Form. Let the students grasp the situational pictures provided by the text intuitively. ao e？ . Therefore, students should make full use of illustrations in the text and master the advantages of illustrations. Chart sound chart shape? Master the learned pinyin letters.
2. In-kind help method.
Memorize the sounds and shapes of some letters with physical objects. Like learning initials? f？ And then what? t？ What time? f？ And then what? t？ It is shaped like an elbow crutch with a short handle. Can crutches stand on the ground? f？ Can crutches be lifted vertically? T "So remember the elbow crutch and remember the initials? f？ And then what? t？ The shape of. Another example is to distinguish? b？ And then what? p？ And then what? d？ And then what? t？ When the pronunciation is aspirated, you can choose a piece of tissue paper as a learning tool. Put this tissue on your lips and consciously send it out? bpdt？ Tone and paper tremor indicate inhalation, otherwise, there is no inhalation.
3. Learn animal singing.
Some pinyin letters sound like the sounds of some animals. For example, when learning the vowel ei, the picture shows a little boy feeding a lamb to eat grass. Mutton? Huh? Come and eat grass and scream ei? Is it pronounced lamb? Huh? A dog barks. The rooster crowed, right? o？ Pronunciation. The students are doing interesting performances, remember? ei o？ Wait for vowel pronunciation, so you can learn quickly and get good results.
4. Finger practice.
Finger exercises are easy to learn. Remember the shape of letters in finger movements. For example, the thumb and forefinger of the left hand are bent into O, a little loosening is C, plus the index finger and thumb of the right hand are G, the intersection of the two index fingers is X, and the index finger of the right hand is E at C, and so on. You can cooperate with each other, one gesture and one pronunciation, have fun and practice happily. In this way, students can use their eyes, mouths, brains and hands to develop their oral communication skills.
5. Game method.
You can combine interesting games with pinyin learning, such as? . Fishing? Game: Pinyin card has no paper clip; In addition, make some fishing rods, tie the lower end of the line with a small magnet stone as a hook, scatter cards as fish on the table, invite several students to come up, and the teachers or parents report a syllable. The students catch that syllable and see who catches it first. Still like it? Looking for friends? 、? Riddle? Games, etc. , are all children's favorite.
6, children's songs reading method.