Musician: frederic chopin (18 10- 1849)

Great Polish musician and composer

Masterpieces: Mazzuca Dance and Waltz.

I like Polish folk music since I was a child. When I was seven years old, I wrote Polish dance music. When I was eight years old, I performed on the stage. At the age of twenty, I became a recognized pianist and composer in Warsaw. The rest of his life coincided with the fall of Poland. He spent time abroad and created many piano works with patriotic thoughts to express his homesickness and national subjugation. Among them are The First Narration, Polish Dance in Ba Major and other heroic works related to the Polish national liberation struggle. There are fighting works full of patriotic enthusiasm, such as revolutionary etudes and scherzo in b minor; There are sad works mourning the fate of the motherland, such as sonata in B flat minor; There are also fantasy works that miss the motherland and relatives, such as many nocturnes and fantasies.

Chopin lived on the piano all his life, and almost all his creations were piano music, so he was called a "piano poet". He often raises money for his compatriots and performs for nobles abroad. 1837 sternly refused the position of "Chief Pianist of His Majesty the Russian Emperor" awarded by Russia. Schumann called his music "a cannon hidden among flowers" and declared to the world that "Poland will not perish". Chopin's life in his later years was very lonely. He painfully called himself "a Polish orphan far from his mother". Before he died, he asked his relatives to transport his heart back to the motherland.

all one's life

18 10 March 1 day, Chopin was born in Gerlazo Vavola, a suburb of Warsaw. My father was originally from France, and he was a French teacher in a middle school in Warsaw. Later, he opened a boarding school for the children of provincial nobles who came to Warsaw to study. My mother is Polish and once worked as a housekeeper in a noble relative's house. Chopin studied piano with Czech musician W. Zivny when he was a child, and began to play in public at the age of 8. From 65438 to 0824, he studied music theory with J. A.F Elsner, a German musician and president of Warsaw Conservatory of Music. 1826 After graduating from middle school, he entered Warsaw Conservatory of Music and started his early creative activities. 1829 graduated from this school. At that time, the Polish national movement was at its climax, and the national struggle against foreign slavery and for freedom and independence had a profound impact on young Chopin's thoughts and cultivated his national feelings and patriotic enthusiasm. 1830 In March, Chopin played his early masterpiece Piano Concerto No.2 (F minor) in Warsaw, and another masterpiece Piano Concerto No.1 (E minor) in Warsaw in the same year. Both works were successful. 165438+1On October 2nd, Chopin left Warsaw with a handful of Polish clay presented by a friend, went abroad for further study and left the motherland forever. During his stay in Vienna in early February, 65438 learned the news of the Warsaw Uprising and was anxious for failing to participate in the Uprising. At that time, I wanted to go back to Poland to participate in the struggle, but I was discouraged by my friends and failed to achieve it. At the beginning of the following year, when he went to Paris and passed through Stuttgart, he was shocked by the news that the uprising was suppressed by Russia and Warsaw fell, which left a deep mark on his creation at that time. After arriving in Paris, he gave up his plan to go to London, settled in Paris and engaged in piano teaching and creative activities. In addition to having close contacts with Polish expatriates in exile, he also met many important figures in western European literary and art circles, including Polish exiled poet A. Mitzi Kevic, German poet H. Heine, French painter E. Delacroix, Italian musician V. Bei Lini, Hungarian musician F. Liszt and others. The influence of these contacts on Chopin's spiritual life can't be underestimated, especially the relationship with the French woman writer george sand, which has a far-reaching influence on Chopin's thought and life. From 1838 to 1846, she lived together, her feelings broke down and she lived together for 8 years. From his arrival in Paris in the early 1930s to the mid-1940s, Chopin's thought and art were highly mature, and he made great achievements in his creation. Chopin's creation began to decline from 1846. There are many reasons: several setbacks in Poland's national movement in the 1940 s caused Chopin, who had been waiting for this for a long time, to suffer a heavy mental blow and fall into disappointment and depression; The breakup of love with George Thornton, the successive deaths of relatives and close friends in his hometown, and the continuous deterioration of his health have all caused deep trauma to his body and mind, aggravating his sadness and loneliness. From 65438 to 0848, weak Chopin went to England for a period of time, engaged in short-term teaching and playing activities. There, he gave his last concert for exiled Polish overseas Chinese. After returning to Paris, his health deteriorated sharply. He died in his apartment in Paris on October/2007 1849+0 17. On his deathbed, he ordered his heart to be transported back to his native Poland for burial.

Early works are full of romantic temperament, experience of love life and eager yearning for happiness.

During the Warsaw Uprising (from the end of 1830 to 183 1 year), Chopin's creation made a leap. Scherzo in B minor (183 1) was composed by him during his stay in Vienna. The patriotic enthusiasm aroused by the uprising is intertwined with the yearning for relatives in the motherland, which constitutes a poem that is both severe and gentle. Etudes in C minor (commonly known as Revolutionary Etudes, 183 1) and Preludes in D minor (183 1) were created after learning of the fall of Warsaw, which achieved a high degree of perfect unity of anger and grief with strict washing and training, and became Chopin's early years. At the same time, the prelude in A minor is full of confusion, and the musical conception is strange and novel.

In the heyday of Paris (1832 ~ 1845), Chopin's profound national content, original artistic form and skillful musical style brought his art to perfection. His creation involves various genres of piano music, from etudes, preludes, Mazzuca dances, Polonaise dances, nocturnes, waltzes and impromptu, to more complicated ballads, scherzos and sonatas, and he has achieved fruitful artistic results. Among them, the third movement "Funeral March" is one of the most popular chapters in Chopin's music, mourning the martyrs who gave their lives for national liberation in the Warsaw Uprising. Nocturne is the most romantic genre in Chopin's creation. His early nocturnes were deeply influenced by J. Field, an English composer, who pursued exquisite, gorgeous, elegant and beautiful music style with strong romantic and sentimental sentiment. The nocturnes created after the exile in Paris are more profound in content and more personalized in music style. His "Nocturne in C Minor" (184 1) is completely free from the influence of the field. Its theme is unpretentious, serious and sad, and the development of music is becoming more and more dramatic. It indicates that Chopin raised the creation of nocturne to an unprecedented height, and greatly tapped the performance potential of nocturne, making it a music genre that can accommodate profound social content. Chopin's four ballads were all written during this period, and some of them are directly related to Polish national epics and folklore. For example, the creation of Ballad in G minor (1835) was directly inspired by the long poem Conrad Wallenrode by the Polish national poet Mitzi Kevic. Chopin captured the deep, serious and fearless character of Warren Lord, a hero who gave his life for the nation, and the tense tragic atmosphere that runs through the whole poem, and it was reflected in the form of strict sonata allegro movement. The narrative in F major (1839) is adapted from the folk fantasy story poem Sved Shiyanka by the same poet. The original poem describes an ungrateful young hunter who is finally punished for betraying his vows of love and dragged into the bottom of the lake by Shi Yanka, a fairy in Swedely. Chopin didn't try to describe or imply the story of the original poem in this ballad, but showed two opposing situations in a highly generalized way, revealing the artistic conception and emotional atmosphere of the original poem through the development of contradictions and conflicts between them. Polonaise dance is the most intense genre in Chopin's creation during this period. In his early years, the tendency of paying attention to the external gorgeous effect in Polonaise's dance music was replaced by profound and strong national spirit and unpretentious, resolute and bold artistic style. Chopin either draws spiritual strength from the heroes in Polish national history, or inspires national feelings by remembering the glorious past of the motherland and lamenting the suffering of today's decline, so as to express his inner resentment and inspire the national spirit. Polonaise Dance in A Major (1838) is an ode to victory and triumph, with a full and powerful voice running through it like an orchestra, showing the glorious scene of ancient Poland when it celebrated its national victory. Polonaise Dance in C minor (1839) is a sad song, lamenting the fall of the motherland. The emotional tone of the theme is sad and depressing, but it is not sentimental at all. Polonaise Dance in F minor (184 1) is large-scale and dramatic, which is related to the imagination of national war scenes in Polish history. The tragic and stern beginning and end are in sharp contrast with the gloomy and melancholy middle part, which is unique in Polonaise school. Polonaise Dance in A flat major (1842) is the most determined, heroic, magnificent and majestic piece of this kind of music. Its theme rhythm is decisive and powerful, the melody is warm and heroic, the big mode and the harmony are distinct, which embodies an indomitable national hero image. The middle part of the music is full of vivid shapes, and the sound of hooves and horns are intertwined, forming an ancient battlefield scene with galloping horses and moonlight swords. The composer's nostalgia for the past and realistic feelings are combined to form a surging national feeling, which cannot be suppressed.

In the later period (1846 ~ 1849), Chopin's creation showed an obvious declining trend. Fantasy Polonaise (1846) is an important work in this period. Although there is no high-pitched and heroic voice of Polonaise in A-flat major, the impassioned and generous paragraphs sung by him because of his longing for the future of the motherland and the nation are still very infectious. Mazzuca in G minor (1849) and Mazzuca in F minor (1849) are Chopin's last two works. The former is a kind and warm song, expressing the last bit of attachment to life; The latter poured out his last thoughts on his loved ones in the faint sadness.

Franz Liszt

( 18 1 1. 10.22 - 1886.7.3 1)

Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor and music activist, one of the main representatives of romantic music.

Franz Liszt was born in Reading, Hungary on1October 22nd. At that time, Hungary was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Liszt's father was Hungarian and his mother was German in Austria, so he had two names, which were spelled in Hungarian and German respectively. Liszt grew up speaking German with his mother and didn't learn to write in Hungarian until his later years.

Liszt began to learn music at the age of six and moved to Vienna soon after. He was a disciple of antonio salieri (or salieri), carl czerny, severiano reija and Bell.

From 65438 to 0823, Liszt came to Paris, influenced by the thoughts of romantic writers and artists such as Hugo, Ramadan and chateaubriand, and yearned for the bourgeois revolution. Musically, he advocated title music and created the genre of symphonic poems, including Tasso, Prelude, Hungary and so on 13 symphonic poems.

Under the influence of Paganini, Liszt composed nineteen hungarian rhapsody and ten piano etudes. He established the neo-romanticism principle, which was opposite to the college atmosphere and citizen habits, and supported the creation of composers such as Albertnis, Bedrich Smetana, Chopin, Berlioz and Wagner. According to legend, Beethoven admired his genius after listening to his performance, and once went on stage to hug and kiss Liszt, which became a story of Liszt's music growth.

From 1848, he lived in Weimar, served as the court music director of Weimar, and frequently traveled between Rome and Budapest. 1876, founded Budapest National Conservatory of Music, and served as president.

On July 3rd1886, Liszt died of pneumonia in Bayreuther.

The tendency of progressive democracy in Liszt's creative activities is largely related to the national liberation movement in Hungary. The piano piece hungarian rhapsody is inseparable from the name of Liszt, just as waltz is inseparable from Strauss and symphony is inseparable from Beethoven. Liszt's works are rich in color and imagination, which fully tap the acoustic function of the piano and put forward high requirements for the performer's skills. As the most outstanding pianist of that era, he made great contributions to the development of keyboard music. In his later works, he used the harmony language widely used in the 20th century for the first time. His piano music has been included in the world classical piano music literature treasure house.

Hungarian rhapsody, the nineteen piano works created by Liszt, occupies a particularly important position in his piano works. These works not only give full play to the musical expression of the piano, but also set an outstanding musical model for the creation of Rhapsody, a musical genre. These works are based on the folk songs and folk dance music of Hungary and Hungarian gypsies, and have been artistically processed and developed, so they all have distinct national colors. These pieces of music are refined in structure and rich in musical ideas. Music language and expression are closely related to Hungarian country dance music and urban rap music. Although the form of music changes from time to time, the image of music is always bright and simple, which embodies the perfect unity of natural beauty and artistic beauty.

He was the first national musician to raise the Hungarian national voice to the world level. He has patriotic thoughts and democratic thoughts, enthusiasm for changing life, and negative emotions of doubt and disappointment, but the former is often dominant, not the latter. Liszt is a contemporary of Chopin, but he left the motherland earlier than Chopin, so his thoughts and creations cannot be simply classified as "national music school". However, as a Hungarian, Liszt is sincerely concerned about the cause of the motherland; The history of the nation, heroes, tones and rhythms of folk music have been vividly embodied and used in his creation. In addition, his strong support and encouragement to young composers in Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and Russia has played a positive role in promoting the development of European national music schools. In his motherland, people always call him a great "national artist".

Liszt created the form of symphonic poetry. He wrote 13 symphonic poems and was one of the founders of modern piano technology.

Liszt's most important works include Faust Symphony, Dante Symphony, hungarian rhapsody, Prelude to Symphonic Poems, Mazeppa, Two Piano Concertos, Piano Sonata in B Minor, 12 Ultra-skill Etudes and Travel Years.

Berlioz

Hector Berlioz Hector Berlioz (1803- 1869)

French composer, the main representative of French romantic music school.

180365438+February 1 1 Born in La C, France? Te-St-André, Isère,1869 died in Paris on March 8th.

1803 Berlioz was born in a doctor's home in a small town in southern France. He lived in the countryside when he was a child, and his life in the countryside left a deep and unforgettable impression on him. He has never received a professional music education since he was a child. He only likes playing flute and lyre. Berlioz first came into contact with church music. He doesn't believe in God, but the magnificent style and profound expression of church music deeply touched him.

182 1 year, Berlioz obeyed his father's orders and went to Paris to study medicine, but he had no interest in medicine. In the end, despite his parents' resolute opposition, he decided to leave medical school and enter the Paris Conservatory of Music on 1826, where he studied under Le Schur, who had written many works for the French Revolution. But what attracted him more was the progressive intellectuals at home and abroad who were concentrated in Paris at that time, such as Hugo, Balzac, Heine and george sand. He especially likes reading Virgil's poems and listening to Liszt, Paganini and Chopin.

1830 is the most meaningful year in Berlioz. In this year, there were three revolutions in Paris that sensationalized Europe. A political revolution pushed Louis Philippe to the throne of French "civilian emperor", and a literary and dramatic revolution successfully staged the romantic drama Onani, which pushed Hugo to the spiritual throne of France. Then came Symphony of Fantasia, whose successful performance triggered a music revolution and truly established Berlioz's position as the father of French radical romantic music school. It was in this year that Berlioz won the Rome Prize of the Paris Conservatory of Music, but the winning work was named Chadenat Bell. The chorus part does not represent Berlioz's creative style, which he created in order to win the prize and cater to conservative academic principles. What truly represents Berlioz's style is the performance of symphonie fantastique this spring, which marks the innovation of this historical symphony. However, it is said that the award of the Paris Conservatory of Music was carried out under revolutionary gunfire. When Berlioz accepted the prize and walked out of the school gate, the Louvre was occupied by the revolutionary army. He immediately increased the ranks of the insurgents, arranged musical instruments for the Marseillaise, and dedicated it to "all those who have vocal cords, beating hearts and blood flowing in blood vessels." Since then, Berlioz has formed an indissoluble bond with popular music in the revolutionary period. He never misses an opportunity for the broad masses of the people and often participates in or organizes mass music activities.

1832 Berlioz returned to Paris after studying in Italy. 1845 In Italy, Germany and Austria, he was exposed to local customs and culture, folk poetry and folk music, which had a certain influence on his later creation. During this period, he began his creative heyday. 1834 completed the second symphony Harold in Italy (viola and orchestra), 1839 completed the third symphony Romeo and Juliet (solo, chorus and orchestra), 1840 completed the fourth symphony Funeral and Triumph Symphony.

The dominant aspects of Berlioz's works are his pursuit of democracy and freedom, his yearning for happiness and his passion for revolution. Of course, for Berlioz, the future of ideals and life is bleak after all. In his works, he often reveals his dissatisfaction, suspicion and indignation at the ugly reality, and exposes and satirizes the darkness.

Berlioz is one of the most representative romantic composers and excellent conductors in France, and he also showed outstanding talent in his criticism work. However, Berlioz's life was spent in material difficulties and spiritual suffering.

In France in the19th century, no musician had a more miserable fate than Berlioz! He had to fight hard for survival. He had to plan his own concert and conduct business negotiations. He had to write articles and comments for the newspaper supplement to supplement his meager and unstable income. He had to endure the most pressing pain of money.

"The social contradictions of capitalism are more acute in France than anywhere else, and the hardships and loneliness of artists are even more tragic! Berlioz once wrote, "I feel like I have to shout to save myself ... Oh, a cruel disease (I call it a moral, neurological, fictional and possibly isolated disease for all) will kill me one day. ..... "Berlioz deeply felt the fact that if metternich's reactionary regime imprisoned Schubert in a harsh winter scene, then Berlioz's external world was like a hell full of demons in his mind. Berlioz once doubted his belief in the revolution and lost confidence in winning the struggle. He alienated the revolutionary people and indulged in religious beliefs to find a way out. Although he no longer showed the joy of struggle and the confidence of victory at this time, he did not put on a deified coat for his loneliness, nor did he fall into pessimism and despair. He has always held a positive attitude towards life, and he has been fighting for "fate".

Since 1842, Berlioz has lived in European countries for a long time and has traveled in Germany, Italy, Russia, Britain and Austria. He is not only a music composer, but also a journalist. He also conducted the London Opera House and the Emerging Philharmonic Orchestra. Until 1868, he fell ill and went to Monaco and Tunisia to perform. After returning to Paris, he was seriously ill and died in Paris on March 8, 1869.

In Berlioz's musical heritage, symphony is the first. He wrote four symphonies and many other orchestral works. Theoretically, his orchestral orchestration method is very influential. In his works, he directly inherited the tradition of Beethoven's symphony, and at the same time showed his bold innovation. He created his own new symphony, that is, he added titles to the beginning of the symphony and every movement (sometimes the titles were written in detail), which made music and literature closer, and tried to express the vivid and concrete images described in literature with musical language, making the expressive force of instrumental music more concrete and profound. This is often referred to as the "headline symphony".

Berlioz distinguished the title symphony from the classical symphony and emphasized the standard content of music. He believes that the title of the song is the requirement of democracy and can make music universally understood. For him, there is no music without content and title. Therefore, he struggled with his progressive artistic ideas and narrow and vulgar artistic views, and profoundly reflected the complex and contradictory mental outlook of French radical petty bourgeoisie intellectuals at that time with novel artistic forms, showing their "rebellious spirit." He boldly expanded the band equipment, so that the symphony gained new timbre and band effect, and took a new path in melody and harmony. All this had a very important influence on the later European music culture.

Berlioz devoted himself to the creation of title music all his life and created a creative technique of "fixed musical thinking". His representative works include Fantasia, Funeral and Triumph Symphony, Roman Carnival Orchestra Prelude, King Lear Prelude, Pirate Prelude, Opera Benvenuto Cerini, Arthur, Troy and the legendary drama. The orchestration method is praised by the world as a model of modern composition technology theory.

He is the author of Night of the Orchestra (published in February/852 by/kloc-0), Weird Music (published in March/859 by/kloc-0) and Memoirs (published in June/870 by 1878 by the second edition).

Berlioz composed many musical works, but he spent his whole life in poverty, hunger and cold, and unfortunately lost his wife and children in his later years, and finally died tragically in Paris. However, Berlioz's name is on a par with Hugo, a master of French romantic literature, and Delacroix, a romantic painter, and can be called the outstanding three romanticists in France.

Painter:

Eugène Delacroix (1April 26th, 798 ~1August 3rd, 863) was a famous French painter.

1798 was born on1April 26th, 1998 in Xia Lang-saint maurice on the Rhone River in the south of France. Delacroix lived in an artistic environment and received all kinds of education since he was a child. His father c delacroix is a lawyer and diplomat. He is the French ambassador to the Netherlands and the Governor of Marseilles. Mother Tuva Auburn's love for music also directly influenced Delacroix in his childhood, and music has become an indispensable thing in his life. Among the musicians at that time, he liked F. F. Chopin and G. Rossini best. And he has a deep friendship with Chopin, calling Chopin "a model of a real artist I have ever seen".

Delacroix not only respects contemporary progressive artists, but also highly respects ancient masters. He was able to enter the art gate thanks to the help of his uncle J.-H. Rizner. As a student of J.-L. David, Rizner discovered his artistic talent and encouraged him to study in P. Ge Lan's studio of 18 16 Academy of Fine Arts. There he met T. Gregory, the pioneer of romanticism, and was deeply influenced by him. He associates with the historical painter A.-J. Gro and the royalist painter F. Gerald; He reads widely, especially the works of Dante, Shakespeare, Byron and Scott. His illustrations for Goethe's Faust were praised by Goethe. He praised Michelangelo, Titian, Rembrandt, Velazquez, especially Rubens and constable. He had a close friendship with the poet C. Baudelaire and admired the genius of W. A. Mozart. As long as he picks up the brush, his romantic passion erupts like a volcano in the making and gives a loud cry. He is painted like a lion swallowing its prey in one breath, so people call him a "romantic lion".

No one can compare with Rembrandt in the depth and intensity of expressing feelings; In expressing the intensity and momentum of the movement, few people except Rubens reached his touching level; Except Michelangelo, no one has the talent to turn abstract meditation and moral things into artistic images.

Delacroix studied painting from Jacques Louis David, a famous French classicist, but he appreciated the thick color painting of Peter Paul Rubens, a Dutch painter. Influenced by Gregory, a contemporary painter, Delacroix enthusiastically developed the role of color and became a typical representative of romantic painting school. His paintings had a great influence on later impressionist painters and Van Gogh's painting style. His famous painting "Leading the People Freely" is an echo of the romantic writer victor hugo's masterpiece "Les Miserables". This painting was printed on 65,438+000 franc notes and 65,438+0980 stamps issued by the French government. It is said that this impressionist painter benefited a lot from the use of women's back color in the foreground of his work Crusaders Entering Constantinople. His early work "Shia Island Massacre" was once exclaimed by the classical painter Jean-Baptist-Camille Koro as: the color massacre! . He once painted a famous portrait of Polish musician Chopin. He has been to Algeria and Africa, created a lot of exotic works, and even sneaked into the back room of Muslims to paint "Algerian women".

Delacroix died in Paris on August 3rd, 1863, and was buried in Father Lachaise's cemetery, leaving a diary of Delacroix, which contains an in-depth study of chromatics.

Delacroix is the pride of the French people. Most of his works are kept in the Louvre Museum in Paris, and the Louvre has set up several exhibition rooms to preserve his works.

Richard parkes bonington, an English romantic painter, is famous for his landscapes and historical paintings.

Bonington was taught by his father to learn painting since childhood, and then his family moved to Calais, France to make a living. He studied watercolor painting under Fran? ois Louis Thomas franca in Leiponen, Canada, and moved to Paris at the age of 65,438+05. The Louvre became Bonington's learning hall, where he met Delacroix (French Romantic painter), studied in the Academy of Fine Arts from 1820 to 1822, and 1822 participated in the Louvre for the first time.

achievements of art

Bonington was a young and promising painter in the prosperous period of British watercolor painting in the19th century. He only lived for 27 years, and exhibited nine works in his own country, but he won high praise and won a glorious seat among the first-class artists in Britain and France.

Following/kloc-Thomas Gilding (1775- 1802) in the late 8th century, he further laid the color foundation of19th century English watercolor painting and made it mature. When he was a teenager, he moved to Paris with his family, and his works were greatly appreciated by his French counterparts. He won many awards and became the pioneer of French watercolor painting.

Its style has been imitated by Britain and France and has a great influence.

Creation in its heyday

Bonington's watercolors are light and graceful, and light colors and dignified colors are used alternately, which makes a small picture present a magnificent landscape of mountains and rivers.

The masterpiece Under the Cliff, painted in 1828, is a coastal cliff near the town of Semlich, which has always been famous for its tidal disasters. Bonington's paintings are small, but they give full play to the ability of watercolor painting to quickly grasp the vivid image of instantaneous change, which is concise, implicit and moving. Unfortunately, he died of lung disease due to overwork shortly after finishing the painting, at the age of 27. This talented young painter not only inspired young painters deeply, but all watercolor painters admired his artistic achievements. For example, Wang Ximeng, a young painter who died early in the Song Dynasty, left a precious legacy for the painting history of the motherland.

The famous French painter Gillick (1792- 1824) is the pioneer of the neo-romantic school of painting.

Born in Rouen, France, Gillick moved to Paris with his family when he was young. 1808 studied painting with the famous horse painter Vernet. 18 10 entered Ge Lan's studio, got to know Delacroix, and often went to the Louvre to copy the masterpieces of ancient masters. Since his youth, he has been very interested in horses and horse racing, and often uses sketches to grasp the posture of horses in sports. His gold medal "light cavalry officer" was drawn at the age of 2 1. 18 14 show the injured heavy cavalry. 18 17 created the first batch of animal lithographs.

Medusa's Raft, which he created at the turn of spring and summer in 18 18 and exhibited at the National Salon (French Art Exhibition) in19, is regarded as an important representative work of romantic painting, marking the real formation of the romantic painting school. This painting has caused a heated debate in the art world and public opinion. It reflects the incident that the French ocean-going warship Medusa ran aground and sank off the coast of Africa. 18 16 In July, the Medusa, with more than 400 people on board, ran aground because the government appointed a nobleman who knew nothing about sailing as the captain. The captain and senior officials fled in lifeboats, and the abandoned passengers and sailors drifted on the temporary raft 13 days. Only 10 people were rescued. This work is based on the theme of real life, which shows the painter's concern for human destiny and humanitarian spirit, and exposes the fault of the incompetent French government, thus making it have strong political metaphorical significance. The two triangles leaning forward and leaning back in the work, with strong contrast between light and shadow, surprised the scene and filled it with tragic power; Coupled with rolling waves and clouds, the whole painting is quite different from the static solemn style of neoclassical painting school. Its appearance makes the French painting bound by neoclassicism refreshing.

Ji Like lived only 33 years old, and his short life left 19 1 oil painting, 180 sketch, 100 lithograph and 6 sculptures, among which Horse Racing, Slave Market and Lithography Great Britain were widely praised.