What's the environment like in Ningguta? "What is the reason? Mountains are not mountains and rivers, and water is not water. Life is not born, death is not dead. " Guan Zhiping, former chairman of the CPPCC in Ning 'an, has long been committed to the study of Gu 'ning pagoda culture. He told reporters that this poem was given to "refugees" by Wu, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, and it reflected the imagination of the people in Shanhaiguan, especially the Jiangnan literati in the Qing Dynasty. "In fact, there are mountains and waters in Ning 'an, and the natural conditions are superior. "
Wang Yalin, a professor at Harbin Institute of Technology, agrees with this statement through local proverbs. Ningguta, Ningguta, go to one, come back two. Wang Yalin explained that it means that Ningguta has beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery, and everyone who goes there will have a good impression on the local girls.
After investigation, the reporter learned that the biggest test of Gu Ning Baota to the Qing Dynasty's "flowing people" was cold. Wu Zhaoqian once described it like this: "Gu Ning is a cold and painful place all over the world. From early spring to mid-April, strong winds such as thunder and lightning excited everyone, and it rained again from May to July. It snowed heavily in mid-August, and the river was completely frozen in early September. Snow becomes solid ice when it reaches the ground, and it is snow thousands of miles away. " However, times have changed, and the place where the ancients were "afraid of jealousy" has now become a popular destination. Shuangfeng Forest Farm in Changting Town, hailin city is one of the most beautiful snow scenes in China. The thickness of snow can reach two meters in winter, and many tourists come here to get ice and enjoy the snow.
Shangyang Castle: Another Exile of Fugitives in Qing Dynasty. Besides Ninggu Pagoda, there is Shangyang Castle. Shangyangbao is 20 kilometers east of Kaixian County, Liaoning Province. In the four years of Shunzhi, in the late autumn, the autumn wind is rustling and the autumn rain is fluttering. Nanjing defenders occupied by the Qing army are checking pedestrians entering and leaving the city gate. Suddenly, contraband was found in the bag of a Guangdong monk who was leaving Ningnan for the south-a manuscript that recorded the deeds of anti-Qing people, named Border Discipline. The Qing army was frightened to disgrace and immediately detained it and tortured it, but found nothing. After the punishment, the Ministry sentenced him to the crime of "disturbing current affairs" and exiled him to Shenyang.
Six years of Shunzhi. Letters can die in a foreign land of ice and snow. In the same year, Li Yin of Gaomi Mountain in Shandong Province was dissatisfied with the law at that time and wrote to the emperor in exchange for the death penalty. Later, the emperor read it as excusable, changed it to the rod responsibility, and took the Ningguta; Later, he was exempted from the responsibility of the staff and exiled to Shangyang Castle. Whether it is Ningguta or Shangyangbao, it is a means to safeguard the interests of the ruling class and punish and suppress criminals or rebels. It is the product of Qing society, and it also withdrew from the historical stage with the disappearance of the dynasty.
In many historical dramas that reflect the life of the Qing Dynasty, we often hear a classic line when different emperors were angry at different times: send someone to Ningguta and never enter the customs! So, what is Ningguta? Where is Ningguta?
In fact, Ningguta is not a "tower", but a city name, where criminals were exiled in the Qing Dynasty. The old city is in Laojie Town on the south bank of Xihailin River in Anning County, Heilongjiang Province. Ningguta is a remote area. In the past, the environment here was harsh, the climate was abnormal, nothing grew, and the grain was not long. It is very suitable for the reform of criminals. It is not a tower, but why is it called "tower"? According to legend, six distant ancestors of the Qing royal family once lived here. In Manchu, 6 is called "Gu Ning", 1 is the tower, which was called "Gu Ning Tower" in ancient times.
Exiling criminals to Ningguta has two meanings: one is to punish evil and promote good, so that people who have committed crimes can leave their homes and suffer hardships, surrender themselves outside the customs, think about themselves and regret themselves, and be washed away by sandstorms; The second is to "add bricks and tiles" to the hometown of the Qing royal family. During the Qing Dynasty, there were many remote and backward areas in China. Why didn't the Qing dynasty exile criminals to other places for reform, and preferred Ningguta? The intention is obvious, that is, Ningguta is the birthplace of Manchu and the hometown of the Qing royal family. Criminals came here not only to reclaim land, build bridges and roads, and change the face of the hometown of the Qing royal family, but also to starve and become slaves of local officials and Manchu to show the glory of their ancestors.
Ningguta, between imagination and reality, has been established in Ningguta, Zhangjing Angbang for 360 years since the tenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty. Due to the change of dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of officials and generals punished by the imperial court were sent to Ningguta, especially during the period from Shunzhi to Qianlong, thousands of people were exiled to the northeast, making Ningguta one of the famous exile places of that year.
The criminal exile in history originated in the Tianfu period of the Five Dynasties and the end of Jin Dynasty, and developed greatly in the Qing Dynasty, gradually improving the criminal distribution system and setting up many criminal exile points. In the early years of Shunzhi, the Qing Law was formulated, which made detailed provisions on the exile of criminals, mainly including the reasons and types of exile, the prison term of exiles, the life of exiles and so on. The "Qing Law" promulgated in the early years of Qianlong stipulated: "Grave robbers are not allowed to die, and the number of robbers stops at the first time. The robbers who join the gang give up the first thief and get it immediately. The second time ... they will be sent to Ningguta and other places." The criminals sent to Ningguta are usually 1O years, and then we will examine his actual performance. If he can repent and turn over a new leaf, he will be willing to go back to his original place and be allowed to go home. However, if you are sentenced to life imprisonment, you will never enter the customs unless the emperor specifically approves it.
According to historical records such as General History of China and Draft of Qing Dynasty, criminals sent to Ningguta include not only civilians and banners, but also court ministers. In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Peng Changgeng, a deputy official, and Xu Er 'an, a first-class viscount, praised the generosity of Prince Dourgen of Switzerland and demanded that Dourgen be rehabilitated. The emperor left the matter to the ministers for secret discussion, and as a result, they were sentenced to death. But the emperor remembered that they had made meritorious service to the court, so he summoned them to avoid death and exiled Ningguta.