physics
Physics is one of the most important subjects for science majors in universities. It studies the interaction between matter and energy. When studying physics, students need to master some basic concepts, such as force, energy, motion, etc., and learn to use physical principles to solve practical problems. The following are some common physical experiment operation steps:
1. Measure the mass of the object: measure the weight of the object with a balance or an electronic scale, and then divide it by the gravity acceleration of 9.8m/s2 to get the mass of the object.
2. Measure the volume of the object: put the object into a container with a known volume, record the scale of the container, and then subtract the volume of the container itself to get the volume of the object.
3. Measure the density of the object: divide the mass of the object by the volume to get the density of the object.
chemistry
Chemistry is another important subject of university science major, which studies the composition, nature, structure and changing law of substances. When learning chemistry, students need to master some basic concepts, such as elements, compounds and reactions. And learn to use the instruments and equipment in the chemistry laboratory to carry out experiments. The following are some common chemical experiment operation steps:
Preparation of 1. solution: according to the experimental needs, a certain mass of solute is dissolved in a certain volume of solvent to prepare a solution with the required concentration.
2. Acid-base titration: a method of dropping a certain volume of acid or alkali solution into another solution until the acid-base neutralization reaction is over, so as to determine the acid-base concentration in the solution.
3. Preparation of compounds: According to the needs of the experiment, different compounds are mixed and heated according to a certain proportion, so as to prepare the required compounds.
biology
Biology is a subject that studies life phenomena and life systems in university science majors, involving the structure, function, evolution and classification of organisms. When studying biology, students need to master some basic concepts, such as cells, genes, ecology and so on. And learn to use the instruments and equipment in the biological laboratory to carry out experiments. The following are some common steps in biological experiments:
1. cell culture: put the cells in a Petri dish, add appropriate nutrients and culture solution, and control the conditions such as temperature, humidity and gas concentration to make the cells grow and reproduce.
2. Gene cloning: DNA molecules are cut into fragments with a certain length, then inserted into vector DNA, and then the vector DNA is introduced into host cells to replicate and express the target gene.
3. Ecological investigation: conducting ecological investigation in the field, recording information such as the number, distribution and ecological habits of species, and understanding the structure and function of the ecosystem.
mathematics
Mathematics is the basic subject of university science major, which studies the problems of quantity, structure, change and space. When studying mathematics, students need to master some basic concepts, such as algebra, geometry and probability, and learn to use mathematical tools and methods to solve practical problems. The following are some common mathematical operation steps:
1. Solving equations: According to known conditions, list equations, and then solve unknown values by algebraic method.
2. Derivation: According to the definition of the function, calculate its derivative, so as to get the slope and change rate of the function at a certain point.
3. Statistical analysis: statistical analysis is carried out according to actual data, such as average, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, etc. , so as to get the rules and trends of the data.
final result
University science major is a subject to explore the mysteries of the scientific world, covering many disciplines, aiming at cultivating students' ability to deeply understand and explore nature. When studying this subject, students need to practice and explore constantly, and combine theoretical knowledge with practical application to lay a solid foundation for their future career.