The conditions for going abroad to study for a doctorate are 1 1, and passing the TOEFL and GRE exams. TOEFL and GRE scores will be different in different schools, depending on which school you went to. All the preparation time is your own, and each school has different performance requirements. Probably above TOEFL 100, and GRE is almost above 1300.
2. Have a high-level master's thesis, which is in line with the research direction of the tutor. As long as a professor appreciates you and is willing to accept you as his "work", you can go out. Going to the United States to study for a Ph.D., previous education, major or even GRE and GPA are not important. What is important is whether the "compulsory course" level and research ability engaged in research work can be "liked" by professional admission committees and graduate school tutors. Although American universities have regulations such as GRE minimum score line and GPA, professors' likes and dislikes are far more important than the score line.
3. Scholarships. A good major will provide scholarships, but the condition is excellent grades. Most of them are science applicants, so it is easier to get scholarships. In addition, you can also study unpopular majors. If you can get the favor of professors, especially professors with certain prestige, even if you just get his sense of identity, you have already succeeded more than half.
4. what to prepare?
The first is a letter of recommendation. Applicants generally need to provide three letters of recommendation in English. Some schools only require two letters. The recommendation letter shall explain the basic situation of the recommended person and introduce the performance of the recommended person, including academic papers, scientific research achievements, awards won, abilities possessed, etc. Generally, department heads and professional tutors write letters of recommendation.
The second is personal statements and articles. Personal statement is an important document that affects admission. Many professors are interested in your personal account. The self-report is two pages at most, which is very short, but it can explain the quality of students. Almost everyone will ask for help when writing a self-report and give various opinions, but it is also difficult to falsify the truth. Because the doctor's research interest and direction are very special, others can't help you invent it. Personal statement is especially important for the tutor to understand your actual ability.
The third is to prepare a resume. Resume is the applicant's manual, and the admissions teacher can know all your information as soon as possible. A good resume can add luster to your application.
The fourth is other supporting materials. In order to highlight the advantages, it is best to provide other documents that can fully prove your talents.
Finally, about the number of years. In the United States, no matter what major, it takes four to six years to get a doctorate. The first phase of doctoral research usually lasts two years. Finally, we should take a general examination of all the subjects we have studied before, which is called "preliminary examination" or "qualification examination" After passing, you can start your doctoral thesis research. Continuous learning with M, A/M, S, vocational degree or doctoral degree is called "postgraduate study".
Conditions for studying abroad for a doctorate 2 Conditions for studying for a doctorate in the United States 1. Academic qualifications and academic requirements
Any student with a bachelor's degree or a master's degree can apply for a doctorate from an American university. If the undergraduate directly applies for a doctorate, the requirements for the applicant will be more stringent. Applicants must have sufficient research experience and background and outstanding performance in the professional field, and have completed many courses at the master's stage, which is what we usually call equivalent academic ability. Similarly, applying for a doctorate from a master's degree also requires research experience and professional writings.
Conditions for studying abroad for doctoral studies in the United States II. Language requirements
The minimum language requirement for doctoral applicants in most universities in the United States is that TOEFL is not less than 550 (new TOEFL 80). Requirements of GRE and GMAT: Unlike applying for a master's degree, applying for a doctor must show GRE or GMAT scores, and the quality of the scores plays a considerable role in the application. Some universities have strict regulations on GRE or GMAT scores of doctoral applicants.
Conditions for studying abroad for doctoral students in the United States III. Application steps:
1. generally refers to the language test.
To make an examination plan, students with good foundation can take the strategy of taking GRE(GMAT) first and then TOEFL, because GRE(GMAT) is valid for five years, while TOEFL is only valid for two years; Generally speaking, it is better to take the TOEFL test first, which is conducive to the gradual increase of vocabulary. There shouldn't be too many things that take up time and energy during the exam.
select a school
Choosing a school can be said to be the first step in applying for studying abroad. Whether this first step is right or not is directly related to whether the whole application process is smooth. Mistakes in choosing a school may make people with strong qualifications stay in China for several years, while those with unfavorable conditions are invincible.
The following factors should be considered when choosing a school:
A. First of all, we should correctly estimate our English level and choose a suitable school according to our English situation.
B Understand whether the teaching, scientific research level and major setting of the selected school are similar to their own majors and research, so as to avoid many troubles caused by mismatched majors.
C. Understand the admission requirements, admission standards, competition and application deadline of the school, and objectively estimate whether you meet the admission standards and conditions of the school and have strong competitiveness. Many universities in the United States have specific requirements for the admission of foreign students, so we should pay attention to the different requirements of each school.
D. Understand the various expenses and grants of the school, that is, whether your financial situation can pay for your study and living expenses at school. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the conditions and requirements for applying for grants to measure our own strength.
E. Pay attention to whether you can adapt to the climate and customs where the school is located.
3. External contact, that is, directional submission of application materials.
(1) After the exam, start to prepare application materials, including recommendation letter, self-introduction, report card, degree certificate, graduation certificate, copy of thesis and other special requirements put forward by other schools.
(2) Send application materials. The application fee can be exchanged for a draft in China Bank. Remember to mark your name and birthday on the check in case you lose it.
(3) Often contact schools, departments and tutors by email to pay attention to the admission progress.
(4) Don't react too quickly after receiving the admission notice. You should carefully consider the scholarship situation and cost, whether it is desirable or not. Once accepted, it is best not to change it repeatedly.
Conditions for doctoral study 3 Germany has a good public security and beautiful environment, which meets the relevant requirements of the vast number of overseas students, and studying in Germany can enjoy relevant welfare benefits, which has to be said to be a very attractive condition.
Applicants should usually have bachelor's and master's degrees in the same major in China, with excellent grades and strong independent work and scientific research ability. The content of the topic should be leading and unique in this field, with high academic value and the necessity of conducting research in Germany. There are generally two ways to study for a doctorate in Germany:
Doctoral tutorial system. Students are required to formally register in the university, and the language requirements are decided by the doctoral supervisor. According to the different situations of applicants, doctoral supervisors may ask them to make up some necessary courses before starting their doctoral studies (mainly independent research work).
The application steps are: determine the subject, find a doctor tutor (Doktorvater), write to contact, submit personal materials according to the tutor's requirements, and go through other procedures after receiving the tutor's admission notice (invitation letter). Detailed regulations can also be found directly by contacting the foreign affairs office of the relevant school or on its website.
Another option is to study for a doctorate in graduate school. The research institute is an institution established by a comprehensive university to cultivate reserve forces for scientific research. It provides an opportunity for doctoral students to combine individual doctoral thesis with comprehensive scientific research projects. This research project is undertaken by many researchers and usually involves many disciplines. The research plan established by the graduate school can promote the students who participate in the plan to complete the research plan independently and promote academic exchanges between them. You can find the list of currently funded research institutes on the homepage of the website of the German Research Association (DFG) (www.dfg.de).
Among many doctoral programs, some are specially tailored to meet the needs of foreign applicants. These projects provide in-depth and meticulous guidance, involving both professional and non-professional levels, as well as begleit curriculum, which is usually taught in English, and in many cases provide special funding opportunities. For example, DAAD and DFG have established the international doctor program of IPP international electronic promotion program (www.daad.de/international-programs) or the doctor program of Max Planck Institute (IMPRS, www.mpg.de).
Some federal states have established graduate schools. Unlike the above graduate schools, these doctoral schools are institutions that have long been affiliated with comprehensive universities. Most of the courses offered by graduate schools are taught in English, and up-and-coming scientists at home and abroad can enjoy in-depth and one-on-one guidance when doing doctoral thesis here.
Why did you choose to study PhD in Germany?
1) Germany is an old capitalist country, and its education quality is famous all over the world. Germany enjoys good public security, peace and stability and a beautiful environment.
2) German social welfare is excellent, and higher education is free. China students enjoy national treatment, that is, free of tuition. This will make it possible for most ordinary children to dream of going abroad. Moreover, China students enjoy free medical care in Germany, including dentists, and only need to pay a little medical insurance premium.
Conditions for studying abroad and studying for a doctorate 4 1 How to enroll?
According to experts studying in Japan, you can go. China's master's degree is recognized in Japan. But in Japan, generally speaking, doctors need to take an exam, and the location of the exam is generally in Japan, so you must find a way to get a visa first. Generally speaking, most practices are to apply for graduate students after contacting professors, get a visa to Japan after success, and take the entrance examination after half a year or a year. Japanese graduate students are equivalent to listening students, and basically do not need to take exams.
2 to major
When contacting the professor, as long as there are enough reasons and basic knowledge to convince the professor that you can complete your studies, you can change your major on the premise that the professor accepts you.
3 expenses
Generally speaking, there are more scholarship opportunities at the doctoral level. If it is a good national university, there are basically scholarships at the doctoral level. In addition, international students can apply for tuition waiver. The better the university, the fewer international students, and the more opportunities for tuition reduction.
4 scholarships
With regard to public expenses, there is a kind of government scholarship awarded by the Japanese government, which is called national expenses and is the highest-paid scholarship. Public-funded international students (corresponding to self-funded international students) are treated free of tuition, with a monthly scholarship of about 6.5438+0.6 million yuan, and two round-trip air tickets for returning home every year. There are two ways to apply for the national fee, one is through the Japanese professor you contacted. One is to apply through China Scholarship Fund Committee.
There are various other kinds of scholarships.
Doctoral study conditions 5 Fees and conditions for studying in Singapore:
1, Tuition: The first thing to consider when studying abroad is tuition. The tuition fee for studying in Singapore is generally S $20,000-S $30,000, which is much cheaper than the tuition fee of tens of thousands of dollars a year in famous universities in Europe and America. Students in public schools in Singapore also have the opportunity to apply for grants of up to 80% of tuition fees, and they can complete their studies with only tens of thousands of RMB. Students applying for financial aid need to work in a company registered in Singapore for three years after graduation, and the place of work is not limited to Singapore. Many students sign up for Singaporean companies and then send them to work in China.
2. Accommodation: The biggest expense in the living expenses of studying abroad in Singapore. Private universities in Singapore generally have no boarding or poor accommodation conditions, and government polytechnics and universities provide some accommodation. Most international students choose to rent a house outside Singapore. New international students generally have three choices: government apartments or private apartments, luxury bungalow student apartments and international student apartments. The cost is generally 300- 1500 SGD/month, which varies according to the location, accommodation type, facilities, number of people living together, etc.
3. Communication: Singapore's communication is developed, the household telephone penetration rate is 100%, the public telephone system covers all districts, and the telephone charges are low; The international long-distance call charge varies from 0.5 yuan-1 yuan per minute. It's cheaper to call China with an IP calling card, ranging from 0. 18 yuan to 0.25 yuan per minute. Each message is 1 yuan, which is cheaper if there is a promotion from related businesses. The total monthly expenditure is generally between S $ 30- 100.
4. Transportation: Singapore has fast transportation and few traffic jams. The subway is safe and comfortable, punctual and fast, and the price is low. Bus lines are also spread all over the island, which is safe and convenient. There are more than 10000 taxis in Singapore to serve people in need, with 24-hour call service. Students attending public schools can enjoy preferential transportation. The average student transportation fee is about S $80/month.
Conditions for studying in Singapore:
There are private and public schools in Singapore. If you just want to study in Singapore, it doesn't matter what school you go to. It's actually very simple. Find an intermediary and try to read English during the period. However, the teaching quality of such schools is average, and few people can continue their studies.
If you want to study in a public school, you must pass the exam of that designated school. Needless to say, English (Singapore advocates British English, but our domestic study is mostly American, which is different), mathematics, physical chemistry and so on have to be tested. If you study hard at home, other subjects should be fine. TOEFL should not be compulsory, depending on each school's own requirements. For high school students, I have never heard of a Chinese school. At most, there is a Chinese language school in junior high school, which will pay more attention to Chinese, but the teaching is still English.
Doctoral study conditions 6 1, French study conditions
(1) Age requirement
Unlike junior high schools or even primary schools in other countries, studying in France requires a certain age, and it takes 18 years to apply for undergraduate courses in French universities. But for high school graduates, there is also a limit of no more than 22 years old, and graduate students are generally under 30 years old.
(2) Diploma requirements
Studying in France can be to go to college after graduating from high school, but French universities need students' high school diplomas and university admission notices; Students who are studying in universities need to show their university transcripts if they go to France to study; But college graduates need a college degree certificate and transcripts to go to France. In this regard, the requirements for studying in France are quite strict. Generally, students who enter the excellent stage must pass the French exam in the French Pavilion and the national college entrance examination.
(3) French requirements
Any country has language requirements for international students, and so does studying in France. Moreover, there are class hours requirements. Applicants must attend 500 class hours, and the final French score must reach TEF200 or above to qualify. This study can be carried out through professional training institutions, and experienced teachers will make French scores pass easily.
(4) Other requirements
In addition to being healthy and free from any diseases and infectious diseases, applicants must also have no criminal record and have certain financial security. For MBA students, TOEFL scores are generally above 550 or higher; For those who graduate from undergraduate course and then go to study abroad, they must have some work experience.
2. Study abroad planning in France
(1) Rational thinking, decided to go to France.
Before choosing to study in France, you must collect more information, fully understand France, understand the system and characteristics of French education, and fully estimate the various inputs after choosing to study in France. Don't just see one or two things on the surface of France and decide to study in France.
Compared with other routine and procedural links, this link is mainly completed through your thinking. Don't be hasty, because this is the most important step before studying in France. Because once you choose France as a destination for studying abroad, the best condition is a good level of French, and you can even exaggerate that you will have a "life and death" status. This is not only reflected in all aspects of French life, but also determines whether you can finally pass the graduation examination and thesis defense of French universities and get your degree and diploma. So if you choose to study in France, you should not only learn French, but also learn it well. Including after graduating from France, French is likely to accompany you all your life, permeate your career and even affect your life.
(2) French learning
Make sure that after studying in France, when learning French, don't apply some wrong ideas in English (forum) learning and conduct language learning with various exams as the guide. You are going to France, a country that insists on its own language and culture. When you arrive in France, French will determine your quality of life and academic future, so you must really learn this language well, that is, you must have all the abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
(3) Take the TEF/TCF test.
You only need to take one of these two French proficiency tests, but the French side will decide which one to take. All the exams are conducted by computer, and the cost is 65438 yuan +0.200 yuan. There is no difference in the types of questions between the two exams, but the TEF exam time is 2 hours 10, out of 900, and the result is valid for 1 year. TCF test time 1 hour 30 minutes, out of 699, the result is valid for 2 years. Generally, if you want to successfully apply for a university, your test score should be about half of the perfect score.
(4) Prepare application materials
French higher education is developed and there are many universities. At first, you can learn about the basic situation of French universities through Chinese materials. However, with the continuous improvement of French, you can try to get the information you need most with the help of the websites of French universities, and gradually determine the universities and majors you want to apply for. At present, some French universities come to China to enroll students, so you can also pay attention to relevant information. This link should be accompanied by French learning.
(5) Submit an application for admission
Many universities can register online, but most of the above materials are mailed to universities, so we must consider the time spent. The annual application time for French universities begins in February at the earliest and ends in June. If the application is successful, you will get a professional pre-registration certificate from a French university.
Conditions for studying abroad for doctoral students 7 Conditions for studying abroad for Australian postgraduates
1, which meets the requirements of China's study abroad policy.
2. Meet the admission requirements of Australian institutions of higher learning or secondary schools.
3. Have the financial ability to pay for studying in Australia.
4. Have good English skills.
5. Good health and good conduct.
Application materials for Australian graduate students studying abroad
1. Fill in the application form provided by the school.
2. Provide obtained academic certificates, graduation certificates and transcripts. If you are a student at school, please provide proof of your courses and grades.
3. From the visa point of view, students attending middle school do not need to show proof of English proficiency, and students attending other courses need to show proof of English proficiency with IELTS score above 5.
4. Students applying for Australian postgraduate courses need to provide relevant work experience certificates if they have work experience. The materials required by each school are slightly different. Please contact the school directly.
Doctoral study conditions 8 1, language ability
No matter which country you choose to study in, language ability is a necessary foundation and must be possessed. Whether listening, speaking, reading or writing. If he chooses to study in the UK, his requirement is a minimum IELTS score of 4.0. However, according to the different universities that students apply for, the standards of IELTS scores are also high or low. Then in the process of application, you must have language ability, and during your study abroad, you can't live without language ability.
2. Education
Undergraduate applicants must have graduated from at least high school; To apply for a master's degree, you must graduate from undergraduate course. In addition to meeting the academic requirements, when applying for schools and majors, we should also consider whether the personal professional background, work experience and hobbies meet the requirements of the other party.
3. Performance requirements
Students whose college entrance examination scores are above key undergraduate courses generally have strong learning ability, and have a very good learning foundation in China, so they should be qualified to study abroad. If such students can't get into famous domestic universities such as Tsinghua and Peking University, they don't need to be discouraged. Many universities ranked higher than Tsinghua and Peking University's World Top 100 will open their doors for such students.
United States: GPA 95- 100 or so, you can apply for the top universities in the United States 10; With a GPA of around 90-95, you can apply to the top 30 universities in the United States.
Britain: Many universities in Britain offer undergraduate preparatory courses. Preparatory courses generally decide whether to admit students by reviewing their high school scores, language scores and other backgrounds. Under normal circumstances, high school students with a GPA85 of more than 85 for three years can consider sprinting to apply for the TOP 10 university preparatory course in the UK.
Canada: Students who scored above a mark in the college entrance examination and scored above 85% in high school are recommended to the top 8 universities in Canada, such as the University of Toronto, the University of Waterloo, university of alberta and the University of British Columbia. They can choose popular majors such as computer engineering, mechanical engineering, biochemistry, finance and statistics.
Australia: Students who have scored at least one line in the college entrance examination can apply to seven other universities in Australia except Melbourne University, and the international ranking is TOP 100, such as the Australian National University, the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales.
4. Students' quality
Whether children have self-care ability, learning adaptability, language ability and mental maturity are all necessary conditions to ensure the healthy growth of high school students abroad and achieve the expected learning effect. At present, some students choose to go abroad after graduating from high school, and some students choose to go abroad after completing their undergraduate courses in China, so that the starting point is higher and they can apply for studying abroad.
5. Economic situation
Whether the family's current and future economic income is enough to pay the basic expenses for their children to study abroad, including tuition and living expenses, should be one of the important basis for parents to decide whether to send their children to study abroad. If the family economy is relatively difficult, students will have a heavy burden of studying abroad, which will have a negative impact on their studies, especially in countries where foreign students are prohibited from working by law. In recent years, the cost of studying abroad is getting higher and higher, so parents must measure their children's financial ability when enrolling them.
6, the required materials
Including transcripts, documents and visa materials.
Transcript is one of the important materials for studying abroad. Studying in the United States and Britain usually requires transcripts. The report card can reflect all the courses and achievements of the undergraduate course, prove your learning ability, and judge whether you have learning strength and potential.
Proof materials generally refer to CV (personal resume), PS (personal statement) and recommendation letter, which are also part of the school's review of you.
CV (Personal Resume) is similar to a resume, but the content should be academic, mainly showing your academic ability. PS personal statement, telling about your methods and achievements in the learning process, aims to highlight your ability in learning and academics. A letter of recommendation is usually written by your professor or teacher to prove your learning ability. Those with internship experience can be leaders of internship units. So if you have a very clear plan to study abroad, it is recommended to have a good relationship with the corresponding referees in advance.
7. Visa
The passport for studying abroad is the holder's nationality and identity certificate, and the visa is the permission certificate for a sovereign country to allow foreign citizens or their own citizens to enter, exit or transit. Visas are generally endorsed on passports, some are endorsed on other travel documents instead of passports, and some are issued separately.