Shen Kuo, a native of Qiantang, Hangzhou, was a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. Master Shen, a scholar, participated in Wang Anshi's political reform movement in the United States. In the fifth year of Huaxi, Ning Jian 'an was promoted to Tian Jian, and the following year he went to Zhejiang to inspect water conservancy and servants. In the year of west eight, Ning refuted the missionary work of Liao people and the American claim to land. The following year, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, and the third was to rectify Shaanxi salt officials. After knowing Yanzhou, we strengthened our defense against Xixia. In the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty, Song Jun was defeated by Xixia in the battle of Yongle City and was demoted. Based on what I saw and heard in my later years, I wrote a written speech about Meng Xi. Shen Kuo and the United States have made many scientific achievements. He studied astronomy deeply and advocated a new calendar, similar to today's solar calendar. In physics, he recorded the principle of compass and various manufacturing methods; Discovered the existence of magnetic declination, more than 400 years earlier than Europe; The principle of concave mirror imaging is expounded. The law of * * * vibration is also studied. In mathematics, he created the gap product method and the circle meeting method. In geology, he studied the formation and water erosion of alluvial plains and put forward the name of oil for the first time. In medicine, there are many records of effective prescriptions and many medical works. In addition, he also recorded in detail the scientific development and production technology at that time, such as the invention of movable type printing and metal smelting in Bi Sheng. Shen Kuo can be said to be a scientific generalist, biography of Shen Kuo. During the Northern Song Dynasty in China, there was a very knowledgeable scientist. He is Shen Kuo, one of the most outstanding scientists in the history of China. He is proficient in astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, agriculture and medicine; He is also an outstanding engineer, an outstanding strategist, a diplomat and a politician. At the same time, he is knowledgeable, good at writing, and knows all about local chronicles, music, medicine and divination. Meng Qian Bi Tan in his later years recorded in detail the outstanding contributions of working people in science and technology and their own research results, reflecting the brilliant achievements of natural science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is not only an ancient academic treasure house of China, but also occupies an important position in the history of world culture. Shen Kuo, whose real name is Cunzhong, was born in a bureaucratic family in Qiantang, Zhejiang. His father, Shen Zhou, worked as a local official in Quanzhou, Kaifeng and Jiangning. My mother, Xu Shi, is an educated woman. Shen Kuo was born in Tiansheng, Song Renzong for nine years. He has been studious since he was a child. Under the guidance of his mother, he finished reading at home at the age of fourteen. Later, he followed his father to Quanzhou, Fujian, Runzhou, Jiangsu, Jianzhou, Sichuan, and Kaifeng, the capital. He has the opportunity to get in touch with society, understand people's life and production, increase his knowledge and show his superhuman wisdom. At the age of 24, he started his official career and served as the main book of Shuyang County, Haizhou. Later, he served as the county magistrate of Donghai, Ningguo and Wanqiu. At the age of 33, he was appointed as Yangzhou secretariat to join the army and was in charge of criminal trial. Three years later, he was recommended to the Zhaowen Museum in the capital to edit books. Here he began to study astronomical calendar calculation. Song Shenzong Xining served as a celestial supervisor for five years, responsible for observing astronomical phenomena and calculating almanac. Then, Shen Kuo served as a historian censor, and Ning served as an administrator of Jixian University for six years. Due to the convenience of his position, he has the opportunity to read more royal books and enrich his knowledge. 1075, he sent an envoy to Liao to negotiate the border. The following year, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, with the right to be the third ambassador. In the 1970s,

However, he was quickly framed and demoted to Zhou Junying's assistant. In the second year of Zongyuan, Shen Kuo spent twelve years painstakingly compiling a book about Meng Xi, which was published in Bianjing by special permission. The following year, I spent my old age in Meng Xi Park in Runzhou. In his later years, Shen Kuo carefully summed up his life experience and scientific activities in Meng Xi Park, and wrote famous scientific works such as Map of States and Counties in the World and Meng Qian's Notes. Song Zhezong Shao was born and died in the second year. He wrote dozens of works in his life, but few of them have been preserved at present, such as the comprehensive anthology "Forgetting Records" and the medical work "Meng Qian Bi Tan". It is the coordinate of the history of Chinese science and Shen Kuo's social and scientific activities all his life. The content is extremely rich, including more than 600 articles on astronomy, calendar, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, geology, medicine, literature, history, archaeology, music and art, among which about 200 articles belong to science and technology, recording many of his inventions, discoveries and opinions. Shen Zhi Water Conservancy attaches great importance to agricultural production and water conservancy development. As early as his youth, when he was the chief accountant of Shuyang County, he presided over water control projects, organized tens of thousands of migrant workers and built canals and weirs, which not only relieved the flood threat of local people, but also reclaimed 7,000 hectares of fertile land and changed the face of Shuyang. At that time, he was only 24 years old. When he was in charge of Ningguo County Order, he actively advocated and presided over the construction of a large-scale and impregnable Wanchun polder field in Wuhu, Anhui Province, and opened up fertile land 1.270 hectares for irrigation and drainage, drought resistance and flood control. At the same time, he also wrote books on polder fields, such as Changxing Collection and Good Prescription. Xining five years, Shen Kuo presided over Bianhe water conservancy construction. In order to harness the Bian River, Shen Kuo personally measured the topography of the lower reaches of the Bian River from Kaifeng to the Huaihe River in Sizhou. He measured the height difference between Kaifeng and Sizhou by building dikes and weirs layer by layer, which were 19 feet, 4 feet, 8 inches and 6 minutes respectively. This topographic survey method is to divide the side canal into many sections, build a stepped weir layer by layer, and inject water into it. Then gradually measure the water surface of each section and accumulate the difference of each section. The sum is the fact that the terrain between Kaifeng and Sizhou is high. This is a pioneering work in the history of world water conservancy. In just four or five years, more than 17,000 hectares of land have been silted up by water diversion, with remarkable achievements. When calculating the terrain height, the unit is as small as one inch. It can be seen that Shen Kuo's academic attitude is extremely serious.